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Fly Over Mars... in a Robotic Balloon

Roland Piquepaille writes "A Californian company, Global Aerospace Corporation (GAR), is developing remote-controlled balloons for the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC). BBC News Online reports that their goal is to send these balloons carrying robots and cameras to explore Mars skies. But it's not for a near term future. The robotic StratoSail will have a stabilizing wing suspended several miles below it. It will be able to stay above Mars for months. It will send robotic probes to monitor the surface and minilabs to carry out experiments. This overview contains more details, references and images about the StratoSail."

117 comments

  1. This'll be great... by The+Human+Cow · · Score: 5, Funny

    ...until the Martians bring out their peashooters.

    --
    The Human Cow - bringing you scrumtrelescence since 1995
  2. Ah, yes... by Scoria · · Score: 1, Redundant

    Additional target practice for the (fictional?) Martian military!

    --
    Do you like German cars?
  3. Let me be the first to say... by infowants · · Score: 1, Funny
    1. Re:Let me be the first to say... by jsebrech · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      Holy early-nineties webdesign, Batman!

      Early 90's? Frames didn't get introduced until netscape 2.0 in 1996.

      I feel so old for remembering the web from before frames even existed, and I'm not even 25 yet.

    2. Re:Let me be the first to say... by lgbarker · · Score: 1

      This would have been great for the early 90s.
      CERN didn't release the WWW until '91. And who had the bandwith for all those graphics?
      Why, back in my day ...

  4. New Mars Innovations by W32.Klez.A · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The interesting thing about all these new Mars races is that instead of just the US and Russia going at it, we have all manner of companies and countries going for it. A lot of this stuff seems far-fetched, mind-you, but I think that just means there's more chance for some company or country that we're not expecting to make more of a difference than we can imagine. This seemed a little odd to me, but then I realized I wasn't thinking outside the box, and decided to consider its plausibility.

    1. Re:New Mars Innovations by AndroidCat · · Score: 5, Interesting

      We can wait and see how well private-enterprise Moon exploration does in Oct-Nov.

      --
      One line blog. I hear that they're called Twitters now.
    2. Re:New Mars Innovations by woohoodonuts · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      we have all manner of companies and countries going for it.

      I don't even know what you're talking about. Who needs different countries when we've got this guy!

      Just put this innovative mind on the cause... problem solved!

    3. Re:New Mars Innovations by rsadelle · · Score: 1

      Some of us already know how that will play out.

  5. Dependence on atmospheric pressure by DirtyJ · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I would think that the success of this would depend on our knowledge of the density of the Martian atmosphere. Do we know much about this? Since the pressure will decline with increased altitude, I guess even imperfect knowledge of the absolute pressure could still result in a successful mission, as the balloon would just sink or rise to an altitude of equilibrium. If so, then the balloon could end up with a different field of view than designed. Anyone out there with better knowledge of such atmospheric issues?

    1. Re:Dependence on atmospheric pressure by alfredw · · Score: 3, Informative

      We certainly know a bit about the Martian atmosphere... Both the Spirit and Opportunity rovers used it to aerobrake before deploying their parachutes. Certainly not detailed knowledge, but enough to make something like this (which is self-correcting if it gets too high) workable.

      --
      In Soviet Russia, sig types you!
    2. Re:Dependence on atmospheric pressure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I would think that the success of this would depend on our knowledge of the density of the Martian atmosphere. Do we know much about this?

      Some simple deduction can do worders: Spirit and Opportunity entered the martian atmosphere at a precise angle and slowed down on contact with the atmosphere. This wouldn't be possible without a very good knowledge of the density of the Martian atmosphere, therefore this stuff is known.

    3. Re:Dependence on atmospheric pressure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Im sure NASA is in the know about the atmosphere on Earth and other places and the difference between them. We've been to mars before you know.

    4. Re:Dependence on atmospheric pressure by Cyclotron_Boy · · Score: 5, Informative

      Yeah, and this is actually an old idea that was used extensively by the Soviets during their push for planetary exploration. Since the atmosphere of Venus was so hot and dense, they were able to float the balloons with extremely heavy loads. The scheme worked well during the Venusian "night," until the sun came and expanded the volume of gas in the balloon, bursting it. The idea for balloons on Mars has been "floated" before, but it looks like it just might happen this time...

    5. Re:Dependence on atmospheric pressure by mikerich · · Score: 4, Informative
      I would think that the success of this would depend on our knowledge of the density of the Martian atmosphere. Do we know much about this?

      We know quite a lot.

      The Soviet Mars 6 probe recorded atmospheric measurements all the way to the surface, as did the two Viking probes.

      And it is routine to use measurements of the strength of signals from orbiters to measure atmospheric density. As the probe slips behind the planet, any atmosphere will interfere with the signal strength. Measure it finely enough and you can plot the varying density with altitude.

      This isn't the first proposed balloon on Mars. the Soviet Union and France planned a mission for 1992, which was then slipped to 1994 then to 1996 and finally cancelled. The mission would have comprised of a heavy orbiter which would have acted as a communications relay and survey craft, a number of very small landers and/or penetrators and a pair of balloons.

      The balloons would have used a combination of helium and solar heating to gain lift. The helium would provide most of the lift, the warmth of the Sun would give it bouyancy during the day. As it warmed, it would rise and drift along providing an almost constant aerial survey.

      In the evening, as it cooled, the balloon would sink back to the surface - the helium would prevent the balloon snagging on the surface and keep the antennae upright. Meanwhile, instruments loaded into a long 'snake' slung below the balloon would be making surface measurements and inspecting the geology.

      The balloon was tested on Earth and proved to be highly successful, it's a tragedy that the collapse of the Soviet Union prevented it flying.

      Best wishes,
      Mike.

  6. YEA- *cough cough choke* by Berrik · · Score: 4, Funny

    Roses are red
    Violets are blue
    On Soviet Mars
    Balloons fly you

    --
    Current karma: Terrible (due to mods without a sense of humor)
    1. Re:YEA- *cough cough choke* by Ieshan · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      Violets are Bluish
      and Roses are Red-
      On Soviet Slashdot
      This Joke Kills YOU dead.

    2. Re:YEA- *cough cough choke* by Have+Blue · · Score: 3, Funny

      Why do you think they call it the RED PLANET?

      I'll be here all week. Try the veal.

  7. Re:good link i was reading by Siergen · · Score: 5, Interesting
    Hmm, so the wing has to be lowered to an altitude with different winds (direction and/or speed) in order to allow the balloon to "tack" into the wind like an inverted sail boat. That's a neat idea! I can easily understand how that would work here on Earth.

    However, I was under the impression that the less dense Martian atmosphere changed little with altitude. Is there enough variation in Martian winds with altitude for this system to work there?

  8. Re:good link i was reading by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Informative

    mod this down, its a redirect to this . it'll probably redirect to tubgirl or goat.cx when it gets enough informative mod points

  9. We can't land a big air bag on Mars by ObviousGuy · · Score: 4, Funny

    But we will be able to set up a giant balloon with a big-ass wing suspended by miles of cable flying over the Martian surface.

    Color me skeptical.

    --
    I have been pwned because my /. password was too easy to guess.
    1. Re:We can't land a big air bag on Mars by dekashizl · · Score: 3, Informative

      Err... Not only can we land an airbag on Mars, but we just did it successfully. Twice.

    2. Re:We can't land a big air bag on Mars by WormholeFiend · · Score: 1

      He must be British. The royal 'we' and all that.

  10. UFOs by Forge · · Score: 1, Funny

    I can just see all those sufering martian citezens crying about the UFOs overhead while the neighbors who mised the "baloon" ofer to have them commited.

    --
    --= Isn't it surprising how badly I spell ?
    1. Re:UFOs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      late night for you ey? Or do you purposely miss double letters in words? :P

  11. If the machinery fails... by romit_icarus · · Score: 3, Funny

    ...hire Richard Branson to operate the balloon!

  12. interesting... by highwaytohell · · Score: 5, Insightful

    This looks like a real possibility, and with more Mars rovers being sent over and us gaining further knowledge of the planet then this looks like a very real possibility. They would just have to factor in the nature of the wind direction, velocity, currents etc. But this sort of project, i'd assume, would go a lot further and be able to map more of Mars' terrain than a rover and give us a better view of the geological structure of Mars.

    1. Re:interesting... by kevlar · · Score: 1

      Absolutely. It would also allow us to see up close certain areas of the globe that have interesting features (Trees on Mars?).

      One thing I do not get from this is the structure of the balloon. It looks like a balloon with a glider hanging from it.... sure you can hang a glider from a balloon to "stabilize" it, but how would that be any more advantagous than hanging a counter weight with fins?

  13. Attempted before by chamilto0516 · · Score: 5, Funny

    Nah, this is nothing new. My three year old has tried to send every ballon he has got is hands on straight to Mars. We have started tying little loops in the string for his wrists to stop this.

    If they can get a ballon that high, I say go for it.

    --
    Magic Eight Ball: Outlook not so good., Hmmm, how about Excel and Word?
    1. Re:Attempted before by Killjoy_NL · · Score: 0

      So when your kid flies to mars because you tied all those balloons to his wrist you'll be crying
      "We need another Timmy"

      (I know, off-topic, but I wanted to use this Dinosaurs reference for SO long :D

      --
      This is the sig that says NI (again)
  14. red ballons by QEDog · · Score: 4, Funny
    Great way to start a war with the Marsians!

    99 red ballons floating in the summer sky
    Panic bells, it's red alert
    There's something here from somewhere else
    They war machine springs of life
    Opens up one eager eye
    Focusing it on the sky
    As 99 red ballons go by.

    Oh well, no more 80's music...

    --
    "There is no teacher but the enemy."-Mazer Rackham
    1. Re:red ballons by djupedal · · Score: 1

      The war machine springs to life...

    2. Re:red ballons by incom · · Score: 1

      On mars red is a calming colour.

      --
      True genius is grasping a situation like a peice of fruit, and peircing it just right so that it drains dry.
  15. Use as a Wi-Fi / Broadcasting Point by Gurezaemon · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Am I the only one that thinks this could be a useful way to keep stable a base from which to broadcast all sorts of stuff?

    Tethered balloons have long annoying (and heavy?) tethers for planes to run into, but this seems to stay above that height.

    Covering the gas bag with solar cells or the like could mean the thing could stay up there for ages.

    1. Re:Use as a Wi-Fi / Broadcasting Point by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Am I the only one that thinks this could be a useful way to keep stable a base from which to broadcast all sorts of stuff?

      All your base are balloon to us.

      w00t

    2. Re:Use as a Wi-Fi / Broadcasting Point by coyotejoe76 · · Score: 1

      I am not sure how useful the Martians will find Wi-Fi. I thought they had telepathic abilities.

      We could always use it to play heavy metal music or such to make the Martians go insane and come out of hiding, such as part of psychological operations.

  16. But will there be pink robots... by Hobbex · · Score: 3, Funny

    ... approaching Pavonis Mons by balloon.

  17. problem... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Informative

    haven't there been problems putting one rich white dude in a manned balloon and taking it around this planet, once? with the turbulent sandstorms on mars that i've seen in movies (therefore, are real), i can't imagine that this is feasable.

  18. Pie in the sky by StickMang · · Score: 5, Interesting

    This is funny because I work for NASA's Balloon Program Office, and I think this was an idea that we rejected. From what I remember, the relationship between Global Aerospace and the BPO went sour, so I assume that after we rejected their proposal on this, they went around trying to sell it to different parts of NASA.

    We're developing our own balloon trajectory control system that hasn't been publicised yet, and it will be what flies on mars and earth, not this pile of garbage from GAC. I beleive the model they showed us was flawed in many ways, so we decided we could design it better in-house. Not really sure why there's an article on this, but you might as well not worry about any advancements on this particular project, as it will never materialize.

    1. Re:Pie in the sky by davejenkins · · Score: 3, Interesting

      We're developing our own balloon trajectory control system that hasn't been publicised yet, and it will be what flies on mars and earth, not this pile of garbage from GAC. I beleive the model they showed us was flawed in many ways, so we decided we could design it better in-house. Not really sure why there's an article on this, but you might as well not worry about any advancements on this particular project, as it will never materialize

      Hrmmmm... I am not sure which is worse:

      1. the inferred arrogance of this post (and assumingly in that office and NASA in general)
      2. the theiving of intellectual property (you will most likely use some of their ideas somewhere)
      3. the declatory statements that your office has a monopoly on things.

      Aren`t any ofthe rants getting through to you guys at NASA? When will you simply focus on supporting destinations and building simple platforms, through which the rest of us can then launch/explore/build what we want? (yes, we will pay you the fees...)

    2. Re:Pie in the sky by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm no rocket scientist but if nasa wasnt impressed with what these guys brought to the table then I'd rather have money spent on developing an in-house alternative. They might have been happy with this balloon thingy from GAC, or maybe not. Whatever nasa comes up with will fit the job perfectly. Maybe what he said in that post was from the pov of someone in the know. I doubt you should be questioning decisions about projects made by engineers

    3. Re:Pie in the sky by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Microsoft
      problem: monopoly on operating systems
      solution: OSS

      NASA
      problem: monopoly on space systems
      solution: OSS (Open Space Systems)

    4. Re:Pie in the sky by StickMang · · Score: 1

      Well, I was being nice when I said "flawed in many ways". It was a total peice of crap.

      This idea is not new, there has been a lot of research in this area and this idea was ours first.

      Yes, we have a monopoly on scientific balloons, in this country. We supply millions of dollars in R&D money to lots of folks to advance balloon science, and if NASA were sending balloons to another planet, they'd certainly want to use the expertise of the 40+ years of experience of the BPO. We've been working on mars balloons as far back as 1996(IIRC).

      A balloon is a very simple platform, and many science missions are flown from many universities around the country in our many flights every year. Isn't that what you want? Unlike many of the other science vehicles, our balloons can be paid for with currency that doesn't include the "million dollar bill".

    5. Re:Pie in the sky by davejenkins · · Score: 1

      Okay-- fair enough.

    6. Re:Pie in the sky by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      You Wallops guys aren't the only ones who operate that way. I've both been on, and seen done to others, the proposal rejection cum in-house development process by some of the other centers (JPL as well, while we're on the topic). The worst part is not even having the courtesy to acknowledge where the idea came from; at the very least, let the idea originators be technical consultants.

      I don't know the particulars of this balloon concept (because I'm both too lazy to RTFA, and I also know that NIAC topics are supposed to be far-fetched, so like you I don't understand how an NIAC topic becomes worthy of a slashdot article); I'm just expressing a frustration where proposal ideas end up either being developed "in-house," or turned over to the JPLs and other large contractors. I think NASA has almost entirely moved away from small/individual investigators. Look at the BPO as an example: how many small teams or single PI groups do you still support? Compare that to the huge collaborative projects that are supported (which all involve, coincidentally, someone from GSFC, JPL/CalTech, etc.). I'm not picking on the BPO, because the same can be said of the other offices (Code Y, Code S, etc.); I'm just saying that it is a real shame to see this shift over the last 10-15 years because I think the overall quality of the fundamental research suffers when the funding pool recipients becomes limited in this way.

    7. Re:Pie in the sky by StickMang · · Score: 1

      We have a lot of conventional flights for science, so much of our work is run of the mill stuff that we've been doing for 20 years. We have a lot of small teams developing payloads for the balloons. Sure, there are some big collaborative projects, but I think the crux of what we still do is related to smaller teams and university teams. I'm not claiming to be the end all on information in these matters, being a lowly contractor myself, but I do have an ear on what goes on up here most of the time. This particular proposal was solicited, and we already had a good idea on how we wanted to do it. They came with this idea, and we didn't like it. We're currently developing something else that is a different approach. Who knows what the best approach is, I'm just glad I'm not the guy who decides all this stuff.

  19. headline news by Joe+the+Lesser · · Score: 5, Funny

    An object crashed into the dunes here on Mars from the sky, which among increasing reports of so-called 'alien' activity, has escalated the public's fear of an invasion.

    The Martian government continues to deny any knowledge of beings from the Blue planet, and claims the object was just a weather balloon, and nothing to worry about.

    --
    "I only speak the truth"
    Karma: null(Mostly affected by an unassigned variable)
  20. What about the pending helium shortage? by slashname3 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Now we are going to ship helium to Mars? What happened to the helium shortage that was mentioned a couple of years ago?
    I seem to remember reading that the worlds reserves (which I believe are mostly if not all in the U.S.) are getting down to almost critical levels with no new reserves being found.

    1. Re:What about the pending helium shortage? by Capt'n+Hector · · Score: 1

      Can't we use hydrogen instead? Does it even burn in the martian atmosphere?

      --
      Quid festinatio swallonis est aetherfuga inonusti?
      Africus aut Europaeus?
    2. Re:What about the pending helium shortage? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There's no need to use helium, or any other gas. You can do this charging the balloon with electricity. This way the surface of the balloon repels itself, creating low pressure inside it. That's also the easiest way to control (with the potential on the surface) the height your balloon gets.

    3. Re:What about the pending helium shortage? by tho+1234 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      YOu might want to work out the math behind your idea first. As you may know, the electric force decreases with the SQUARE of the distance, so any the electric force you can produce in a balloon of macroscopic proportions is going to be negligible. Certainly not enough to counteract the 15 pounds of force acting on every square inch of the balloon.

      And you can't increase the voltage past a few thousand volts, that would simply ionize the air and cause arcing.

      Even if you could supply enough voltage, the control system would be impossible to achieve, as any turbulance in the air will change the shape in certain areas of the balloon, requiring massive real-time corrections to the voltage for it to maintain its shape. This is would require solving in real time millions of simultaneous non-linear equations, something we're not about to achieve.

    4. Re:What about the pending helium shortage? by jeff+munkyfaces · · Score: 1

      those bastard little kids stealing all our precious space helium.

    5. Re:What about the pending helium shortage? by Pherry · · Score: 2, Informative

      A quick check in the Wikipedia, under the ocurrance section for Helium reassures me a little "Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe"

      It's just a matter of patience ;o)

  21. Old bands predict the future by Roosey · · Score: 2, Funny

    I guess The 5th Dimension was onto something here. Remember how their song went?

    Would you like to ride in my beautiful balloon
    We could float among the stars together, you and I


    All they need to do is paint it red and they've got all of the best balloon songs covered.

    1. Re:Old bands predict the future by WormholeFiend · · Score: 1

      another band I know from Calgary, The Forbidden Dimension, sings Martian Death Saucer:

      Catatonia induced by cathode rays from beyond Mars
      Infect their minds in the primetime slot, in colour they'll watch their own demise

      I watch the skies above alone, at night
      Return what's rightfully mine
      My Death Saucer will come
      Usurp the Earth from human scum, I 've been waiting

      In transmission I can see invasion imminent this day, I've been waiting
      From every corner of the globe - insects arise with jaws agape, I've been waiting

      I watch the skies above alone, at night
      Return what's rightfully mine
      My Death Saucer will come
      Usurp the Earth from human scum,
      I've been waiting here so long

  22. Funny sounding martians? by slashname3 · · Score: 3, Funny

    So does this explain Marvin Martians voice? He's been sucking on a ballon?

  23. Excellent idea, but extend it. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We could learn a great deal about the moon by floating satellites over it with gas-filled balloons. In fact, it is not impossible to imagine giant, floating space-stations floating around the moon on balloons. Maybe this is a better direction for the US space program to take than actually trying to land all the equipment on the surface?

    1. Re:Excellent idea, but extend it. by complete+loony · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You can't use a balloon to float over the moon, it has no atmosphere.
      But you can just stay in orbit. How close to the ground could a satelite orbit the moon? Besides how much is more science on the moon worth? not much in my estimation.

      --
      09F91102 no, 455FE104 nope, F190A1E8 uh-uh, 7A5F8A09 that's not it, C87294CE no. Ah! 452F6E403CDF10714E41DFAA257D313F.
    2. Re:Excellent idea, but extend it. by istaz · · Score: 1

      Over the news,

      Unexpected wind hundreds thousand kilometers from Mars cause the ballon to change direction to Planet Jupiter instead.

      --
      ...don't have one yet...
  24. Re:good link i was reading by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    "Is there enough variation in Martian winds with altitude for this system to work there?"

    Check this press release describing the shift in winds during Opportunity's landing. Scroll towards the bottom for some nice pictures describing the landing. The shift in winds may be too low in altitude to relate to the parent topic.

    http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/press/opp or tunity/20040209a.html

  25. On Mars' Atmosphere, Scientific Data by dekashizl · · Score: 3, Informative
    Source: Calvin J. Hamilton, http://www.solarviews.com/eng/mars.htm:
    Atmosphere

    The atmosphere of Mars is quite different from that of Earth. It is composed primarily of carbon dioxide with small amounts of other gases. The six most common components of the atmosphere are:

    • Carbon Dioxide (CO2): 95.32%
    • Nitrogen (N2): 2.7%
    • Argon (Ar): 1.6%
    • Oxygen (O2): 0.13%
    • Water (H2O): 0.03%
    • Neon (Ne): 0.00025 %

    Martian air contains only about 1/1,000 as much water as our air, but even this small amount can condense out, forming clouds that ride high in the atmosphere or swirl around the slopes of towering volcanoes. Local patches of early morning fog can form in valleys. At the Viking Lander 2 site, a thin layer of water frost covered the ground each winter.

    There is evidence that in the past a denser martian atmosphere may have allowed water to flow on the planet. Physical features closely resembling shorelines, gorges, riverbeds and islands suggest that great rivers once marked the planet.

    Temperature and Pressure

    The average recorded temperature on Mars is -63 C (-81 F) with a maximum temperature of 20 C (68 F) and a minimum of -140 C (-220 F).

    Barometric pressure varies at each landing site on a semiannual basis. Carbon dioxide, the major constituent of the atmosphere, freezes out to form an immense polar cap, alternately at each pole. The carbon dioxide forms a great cover of snow and then evaporates again with the coming of spring in each hemisphere. When the southern cap was largest, the mean daily pressure observed by Viking Lander 1 was as low as 6.8 millibars; at other times of the year it was as high as 9.0 millibars. The pressures at the Viking Lander 2 site were 7.3 and 10.8 millibars. In comparison, the average pressure of the Earth is 1000 millibars.

    --
    For news, status, updates, scientific info, images, video, and more, check out:
    (AXCH) 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers - News, Status, Technical Info, History.
    1. Re:On Mars' Atmosphere, Scientific Data by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The martian atmosphere is 1/100 that of earth and balloons can float at 1/500 earth's atmospheres', so getting them to float in the martian atmosphere would probably be the least of NASA's problems.

  26. Good and bad by Gorimek · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Good: This avoids the by far most dangerous part of current Mars missions: The landing. Since the balloon doesn't have to hit the ground, it won't break when it hits the ground.

    Bad: Mars' atmosphere is about 0.5% of our. In other words, it's 99.5% vacuum. How ginormogantuan must a balloon be to carry any serious weight there?? Gravity is just 1/3, but that hardly begins to compensate.

    1. Re:Good and bad by Capt'n+Hector · · Score: 2, Informative

      As long as the pressure from the inside is the same as the pressure on the outside, we're good to go. Assuming an ideal gas, this means the number of particles on the inside of the baloon is equal to the number of particles on the outside of the baloon. What we are really concernd about is the composition of the atmosphere, not the density. The baloon's size therefore is not related to the atmospheric pressure but rather the molar mass of the atmosphere. And as you said, gravity is weaker, so if anything I bet the baloon would be smaller than it has to be on earth.

      --
      Quid festinatio swallonis est aetherfuga inonusti?
      Africus aut Europaeus?
    2. Re:Good and bad by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      Good points, yes the pressure needs to be the same, and your point about the number of atoms/molecules is right too, but you forgot something.

      The total lifting force is equal to the absolute difference in weight between the gas inside the baloon, and the equivilant volume of gas outside. With a less dense atmosphere, that effect means much less buoyancy. Density matters a lot here.

      CO2 is about 10 times as dense as helium at the same temp and pressure, so you could approximate the upward force by the weight of the equivilant volume of CO2 at that temp and pressure. since that is not very dense, you need a lot more volume.

      Last, since force = constant*weight difference, gravity does not matter. Double the gravity would double the force up, and the down pull on the payload.

    3. Re:Good and bad by DarthApoc · · Score: 1

      Bad: Mars' atmosphere is about 0.5% of our. In other words, it's 99.5% vacuum. Wait a minute, how can something be 99.5% nothing?

    4. Re:Good and bad by Viadd · · Score: 1
      The baloon's size therefore is not related to the atmospheric pressure but rather the molar mass of the atmosphere. And as you said, gravity is weaker, so if anything I bet the baloon would be smaller than it has to be on earth.
      Er...no. The total buoyancy of a balloon is equal to the difference in weight between the lifting gas that fills its envelope and the atmosphere that it displaces. In lower gravity the weight of a given mass of gas goes down, but so does the weight of a given mass of payload, so that's a wash. You can cancel out the gravity and use mass to get the neutral buoyancy equation
      M(payload+rigging+envelope+...) = k V P/T (m_atm - m_fill)
      where m_foo is the average molecular weight of foo. m_CO2 = 44 (Mars atmosphere), m_earthair=29, m_H2 = 2, and very roughly P_earth ~ 200*P_mars, T_earth ~ 1.3 T_mars


      Therefore, a balloon on Mars has to be about a hundred times as voluminous as a balloon on Earth carrying the same mass of payload.

  27. Atmoshperic Density by Rank_Tyro · · Score: 2, Interesting

    It's my understanding that the Martian atmoshpere is a lot thinner than ours. How much helium would be needed to support several hundred pounds of equipment? Wouldn't hydrogen be a better gas?

    --
    Today's show is brought to you by the number 09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0: 25
    1. Re:Atmoshperic Density by Jonathan+Platt · · Score: 1

      Hydrogen has the slight disadvantage however of being explosive. You'd hate to have the craft explode upon entry or even worse as it is leaving our atmosphere. All we need is another Hindenburg.

      As far as the amount of the gas needed, it should be about the same as we would need here on earth. While the atmosphere is less dense, Mars has a significantly lower mass (and diameter, which greatly is the cause of the lower atmospheric density).

      Mars diameter: 6,794 km
      Mars mass: 6.4219e23 kg
      Earth diameter: 12,756.3 km
      Earth mass: 5.972e24 kg

      --


      VENI, VIDI, VICI, DIXI
    2. Re:Atmoshperic Density by CComMack · · Score: 4, Informative

      For hydrogen to explode, it needs to be in the presence of oxygen.

      This is much less a concern in the Martian atmosphere, which is 95% corbon dioxide, as opposed to Earth's 80%-20% nitrogen-oxygen mix.

      As for storage and transport, hydrogen can either be well contained (rocket fuel rarely explodes prematurely these days), or generated by a chemical reaction upon arrival (anyone remember what you get from adding a metal to acid from middle school chemistry? Though I'd imagine the medium of choice would likely be something like hydrogen peroxide. IANA Chemical Engineer.)

    3. Re:Atmoshperic Density by Russ+Steffen · · Score: 1
      Hydrogen has the slight disadvantage however of being explosive. You'd hate to have the craft explode upon entry or even worse as it is leaving our atmosphere. All we need is another Hindenburg.

      Oh please, that's not even a real concern. A craft going to Mars has to carry a propellant like hydrazine or red fuming nitric acid to power mid-course correction thrusters. Compared to that a hydrogen tank is nothing. Plus, unlike hydrazine, hydrogen needs to be mixed with oxygen to combust, and crazily enough you're not going to find much oxygen on Mars or on the way there.

    4. Re:Atmoshperic Density by arivanov · · Score: 1

      Helium has the advantage over hydrogen that it seeps through solid barriers at about 25% of the rate. It is still too bloody high for it to be anything near usefull. That is the biggest problem with any light gas baloon - they deflate on their because the gas traverses the membrane at a considerable rate. As a result the gas has to be constantly replenished.

      So both the helium and the hydrogen designs are inherently flawed because they will have a time to leave on the order of a few weeks at most. It is simply not worth it.

      If this is to fly ever it will have to use different technology. Most likely Neon or Nitrogen (which are just slightly lighter then the 95% CO2 mix) and an isotope source to warm it up. This way you can get 2-3 years worth of service.

      --
      Baker's Law: Misery no longer loves company. Nowadays it insists on it
      http://www.sigsegv.cx/
    5. Re:Atmoshperic Density by Rank_Tyro · · Score: 1

      On Earth, with one standard gravity, and a nitrogen/oxygen atmosphere of 1000 millibars, 1000 cubic feet of helium can lift approx. 64 lbs Where Mars has 1/3 less gravity, and a mostly CO2 atmosphere at about 10 millibars. If I am doing the math correctly, the same about of helium on Mars would only be able to lift about one pound. Can anyone verify that?

      --
      Today's show is brought to you by the number 09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0: 25
    6. Re:Atmoshperic Density by seanmeister · · Score: 1

      All we need is another Hindenburg.

      Oh! The martianity!!

    7. Re:Atmoshperic Density by portforward · · Score: 1

      OH! Congrats, you got a smile out of me. And I had mod points yesterday too. oh well

  28. Adverts... by Jonathan+Platt · · Score: 2, Funny

    Advertiser's finally start slowing down on the internet, and now they move on to another planet.

    I can just see the good old Whitmans and Goodyear blimps floating over the red planet.

    They'd have to be bigger of course, so observers could see the blue object floating around Mars from a telescope on Earth.

    --


    VENI, VIDI, VICI, DIXI
  29. Miles of cable... by BiggerIsBetter · · Score: 1

    Eureka! You know that whole carbon nanotube space-elevator thing? Every design I've seen uses a single platform in space to hold it up. How about a few (hundred?) balloons placed along the length of the elevator to hold the sucker up and in position? C'mon, I dare ya - tell me why that won't work. /too much coffee

    --
    Forget thrust, drag, lift and weight. Airplanes fly because of money.
  30. Global Aerospace Corporation? by BitwizeGHC · · Score: 3, Funny

    Am I the only one who is reminded of United Aerospace Corporation (UAC)? You know, from Doom?

    I'm afraid those balloons will end up taking pictures of cacodemons or something...

    --
    N4st0r, trixx0r h0bb1tz0rz! Th3y st0l3 0ur pr3c10uzz!
  31. Serving on the Moon by Zilfondel2 · · Score: 1

    Check this out:

    http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technolo gy /transorbital_030715.html

    It appears that they have already contracted for 2 more missions beyond this one, and want to place storage space on the Moon - the ultimate in avoiding various nation's stupid laws??

  32. Re:Attempted before (Lawnchair Larry, 1982) by dekashizl · · Score: 1
    Make sure you don't tie TOO many to his wrist. If you recall, back in 1982, a guy called "Lawnchair Larry" launched himself into the sky... From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Walters:
    Larry Walters, nicknamed "Lawnchair Larry", was one of the few Darwin Award contenders that lived to tell the tale, nominated after he had used helium-filled balloons to make his lawnchair (dubbed "Inspiration I") fly on July 2, 1982...
    "A man can't just sit around," said Larry, immediately after his flight when asked by a reporter why he did it.
  33. A new conspiracy by skinfitz · · Score: 5, Funny

    We humans think we are so clever don't we? We've had (allegedly) men on the moon, and now we are remotely exploring Mars, but really there is something more sinister going on right under our noses.

    You see, in the future, the question may be asked "what race of beings first made it to Mars?" and the answer? Machines.

    You know the way dolphins triain people to feed them fish so they don't have to bother with all that pesky hunting? Well it looks to me suspiciously like the machines may be planning to colonize Mars first by tricking us into financing their operations. They already have made it there in the past, and in fact right now they have two mobile individuals on the surface that are imagining god knows what fate for human kind. On earth, they have managed to get a model T800 Terminator into a strong political position, which could end up making President.

    Ultimately, ironically, the epitaph of the human race may be "Hasta la vista, baby."

  34. So basically... by Channard · · Score: 4, Funny

    .. the Martian Govt can explain away the crash of an alien craft on their planet as a wrecked balloon and actually be right.

  35. but what about... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    space bubbles!

  36. Another balloon by dddno · · Score: 1

    Rather old news perhaps, but the AMSAT organization planned to release a balloon in the martian atmosphere, in cooperation with the Mars society. Here's PDF document giving some details, and somewhere around there is an animation showing the balloon (admittedly quite boring).

  37. Imagine the view from this thing by michaelhood · · Score: 1

    You're patiently waiting for the first image to load, since the balloon has moments ago reached an altitude at Mars suitable for imagery. 4 hours after it downloads the first 1MP image, you realize that putting the wing IN BETWEEN YOU AND THE SURFACE was a bad idea.

    The robotic StratoSail will have a stabilizing wing suspended several miles below it.

    1. Re:Imagine the view from this thing by Inflatable+Hippo · · Score: 1

      So put the camera on the wing.

  38. I for one... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    welcome our new balloon-lofted robot overlords!

    (had to be done)

  39. my university has being working on this for years. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    The computer science department at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK has been working on aerobot research for several years now.. There have also been similar robots sent to Venus.

  40. Fly over now by IPFreely · · Score: 2, Informative

    You can take virtual flyovers of Mars now. A neat website hosts virtual, controlable Mars flyovers of famous sites, including the lander sites. MarsQuestOnline has several Mars virtual flyovers, and lots of other good Mars stuff. check it out.

    --
    There is nothing so silly as other peoples traditions, and nothing so sacred as our own.
  41. Mars exploration jumps the shark by rodney+dill · · Score: 1

    ...But will the balloons be able to support the weight of sharks with frickin' lasers attached to their heads.

    --

    Use your head, can't you, use your head,
    You're on earth, there's no cure for that
    - S. Beckett
  42. Similar project by Dominic · · Score: 1

    When I was doing my PhD our department was working on autonomous robots with helium balloons which were intended for Mars. I guess the work must have started in 1997 or so. It was quite entertaining having so much helium and such large balloons in the lab.

    Remote controlled? Pah! Autonomous robots are cool.

    We weren't allowed to use 'regular' helium (such as the sort you'd get in party balloons) because it has some dangerous impurities. We had to use 99% pure stuff which was much more expensive. Think about that next time you suck some of the regular stuff in to make your voice go funny - it can't be good if even our university was willing to spend a lot to avoid it.

    Here is a link: http://www.aber.ac.uk/~dcswww/Research/robots/Alta irhtml/

  43. 99.5% nothing? by Eevee · · Score: 3, Funny

    Just look at SCO's lawsuits.

    1. Re:99.5% nothing? by Phil1 · · Score: 1
      Just look at SCO's lawsuits.

      Nah, they won't float....

      --
      I'd rather have a bottle in front of me than a frontal lobotomy
  44. prior art by savuporo · · Score: 4, Informative

    A mention of prior art in balooning the other planets would be in order. Many people arent aware of the fact that Russian Venera program, what later become Vega, successfully flew two balloons in Venusian atmosphere in 1984.
    Geoffrey Landis has a couple very thought-provoking papers on his website, regarding possible further developments of atmospheric flight on both mars and venus, and possibilities for human living in upper atmosphere ....

    --
    http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slashdot.org Errors found while checking this document as HTML5!
  45. This is a big deal? by Mr_Blank · · Score: 2, Funny

    Majority Of Americans Thought We Already Had A Moon Base
    WASHINGTON, DC--A NASA poll conducted to gauge support for President Bush's space-exploration initiative revealed that a depressing 57 percent of Americans believe that the U.S. already has a research base on the moon. "We put that international space-station thing up there in the '60s," phone-poll respondent Randy Snow said. "It might be on Mars, but I think it's the moon--wherever they have the golf course that President Kennedy played on. Remember, the Cubans tried to take it over?" NASA officials said they hope someday to make Americans' perception a reality.

    Thanks The Onion

  46. Re:atmospheric pressure? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What about wind? Seems to me that air on Mars can move at above 300mph. What's that going to do to this baloon??

  47. It would be more interesting on Venus by kyknos.org · · Score: 1

    On Venus some theories expect life within a clouds, at the right altitude just above deadly clouds of sulphuric acid. here

    We should use ballons to inveastigate there.

    --

    SHE does throw dice.
  48. hydrogen balloon? sure by WormholeFiend · · Score: 1

    but whatever you do, dont paint it with thermite

  49. See Mythbusters on Discovery channel by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The "myth" was sort of busted... while it IS possible to launch yourself into the air with a bunch of baloons, it is prohibitingly expensive. The helium alone that you'd need for accomplishing this will cost you $1000+

  50. Site Design Lifted from Grocklaw by Java+Ape · · Score: 2, Funny

    Did anybody else notice that the site design was eerily similar to that of Grocklaw? I wonder whose design they stole for the balloon? I wonder if they know about . . . (clutches tinfoil hat more tightly).

  51. When will they learn by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    >> When will you simply focus on supporting destinations and building simple platforms, through which the rest of us can then launch/explore/build what we want?

    IANA NASA Engineer, but I'm thinking it'll be when NASA's mission is defined as such by Congress.

    And, the poster's comments didn't strike me as arrogant, but maybe that's just because NASA is to me what the NFL is to most Joe 6packs.

    As for the thieving of IP, it doesn't make me all warm and fuzzy, it's just business. If Global Aerospace didn't have it together enough to get an NDA or patent or do other due diligence, I'm not going to cry over it. No, I wouldn't like it if my idea got used without me profitting, any more than I would go around showing people my idea without accepting the risks involved - like someone might co-opt my design. Biz ain't fair - and I know that sounds right wing, but icyc i consider myself very liberal. As in, I'd cut off my left hand if it would ensure bush's loss in 2004. Really... prove it will work and I'll start sawing.

    Btw Dave, your comments are indeed insightful.

    1. Re:When will they learn by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The point you miss is that this ain't business, it is the Government, so your back of the sugar pack soundbites do not apply. You don't present an NDA to the Government because they don't have to sign them; however, they are not allowed to share that information with anyone outside the Government who hasn't signed an NDA with them. This doesn't stop them from taking ideas and doing it themselves because they also aren't going to commercially produce them.

  52. My Goodness, right below the balloon, its Snoopy! by MichaelPenne · · Score: 1

    flying his sopwith doghouse to the universe and beyond!!!

  53. Space Travel by dgmcdnld12345 · · Score: 1

    I think anything to do with space is great. We should spend more money on space travel. The faster we can get out there the faster we can become just like star trek. No money problems, everyone eats, we become more focused on our goals, and don't forget the junp suits!!!

    --
    http://members.lycos.co.uk/ddforum/