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Hubble Snaps Farthest / Oldest Galaxy

starannihilator writes "Astronomers use gravitational lensing, a magnifying effect caused by the gravity / mass of galaxies, to capture images of the farthest / oldest galaxy known - from when the universe was just 750 million years old. Stories from the BBC, Sign On San Diego, West Hawaii Today, or Mercury News."

31 of 265 comments (clear)

  1. Good Promo for Hubble by mphase · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Hubble needs this sort of thing to keep it serviced. This is very interesting and in my mind at least partially justifies Hubble.

    1. Re:Good Promo for Hubble by dafoomie · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Discovery is being overhauled, is it not? "Overhauled" as in, virtually permantely overhauled, right?

      Discovery is fine. It was scheduled for a mission in summer 2003 before the Columbia accident.

      You are vastly overblowing the risk of a mission to the Hubble. We have had 113 shuttle missions since 1981. We have lost two. Both could have been prevented and should not have happened. NASA is more safety concious than ever now and will not allow a similar situation to happen again. This is not safety issue. It's a money issue. They don't want to spend the money. If they don't want to spend the money on this, what makes you think they'll spend more money on the Webb telescope?

    2. Re:Good Promo for Hubble by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The James Webb space telescope, if it is not cancelled, was intended to augment Hubble, not replace it. They detect two different things, the Webb for mostly infrared, and the Hubble for mostly short wavelengths, visible to humans.

      That's very true.

      But if you want to look very far back in the universe (as was done in this case), then what you need is a good infrared camera.

      So this particular observation is not actually a good example of why it would be useful for the Hubble to stick around. Although the Hubble is good for this kind of observation right now, the Webb should be much better once it is operational.

    3. Re:Good Promo for Hubble by asdf+101 · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Yes, they decided to cut the serice support for Hubble.. then -- in the face of public criticism -- spoke about possibly reviewing their decision.. and have now decided to tank Hubble anyway.

      For anybody who wants to toe the current administrations line on Hubble that it is too risky to service -- sorry mate, that theory is bollocks.

      Give it a thought and it's clear that this is just an blatant attempt at politicking and penny-pinching -- save a few pennies here and a few there and look we can set up a "courier" service to the moon to fetch us some more moon rocks. I'm all for space-endeavour and for satisfying the human spirit for exploration, but I fail to understand the merit of a kennedyesque initiative that cannibalises a fully functional golden goose.

      And if you want to talk about the risk of using the shuttles to service Hubble, the shuttle's terrific performance record itself should be enough to catch you on the wrong foot. Given the high complexity of these missions (we're talking "rocket-science" here right?!), the risk has clearly been marginalised given that only 2 out of 100+ missions have failed -- and those too out of an avoidable complacent attitute to safety at NASA itself.

      When Columbia was lost, it was followed by a constant banter about the changing culture at NASA, but if they've changed, it only to now wear their complacency on the other foot. It's apparent that they have graduated from risk aversion to planning short sightedness.

      How else can you explain the fact that they are "shying" from spending a few hundred million dollars to extend by a significant percentage the life of a mission that they have initially spend billions to get rolling itself. If NASA had a wife called M@ry, I can just about see M@ry being called upon to bring the shotgun so that her hubby can shoot himself in atleast one foot.

      On JWT as a replacement for Hubble, all along JWT was intended to complement Hubble, not to supplement it. And besides, JWT going to be operational only by ~2011. Twiddle-thumbs time then for all the people hoping to have put in research hours on an otherwise fully operational tool.

    4. Re:Good Promo for Hubble by Jonathan+Platt · · Score: 2, Interesting

      It really shouldn't cost as much to get in to space as NASA makes it. I bet the Russians could service it for less than half the price.

      I tend to think the execs at NASA just sit arround all day thinking up new ways to burn money. The shuttle idea was stupid from the start. It is more dangerous, and less ecconomical. Wings have no possible pourpose in space, and only mean the shuttle has to do the falling leaf thing on re-entry to stop the wings falling apart from the heat.

      Nothing was ever wrong with ocean landings, or even the retro rocket thing the Russians are using.

      And for an Example of NASA wasting money just look at the tires on the shuttle. They get them specially made, and the specs say they can cope with 6 high impact (as in higher than usual for a shuttle) landings. Now these tires cost millions of dollars per tire. Now the Shuttle has 6 tires I think. So there's a few million dollars to start with, which wouldn't be needed for a pod. I also ask how they manage to make tyres that cost that much, seeing as they are made similarly to other aviation tires (which cost far less). But that isn't really the issue, the best part is that they replace them after each landing. Now I agree they should not be pushed to the limit, but they should at least get 3 landings out of them. Hell that would be a saving of 8 million dollars each flight, assuming by a few million dollars they mean 2, and ignoring all labor and machinery costs.

      --


      VENI, VIDI, VICI, DIXI
    5. Re:Good Promo for Hubble by whereiswaldo · · Score: 2, Interesting


      It's just amazing how much space and matter is out there. Seeing these pictures makes me wonder, though, what would the universe look with 1000 times as wide of a picture? What if we could take that massive picture every hour and view it in high speed over a million year timeframe? Is there some much large system that all these galaxies are orbiting around?

  2. Shuttle repair mission... by case_igl · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I can't recall how many hundreds of times I have seen Hubble in the headlines over the last few years. The waiting list for Hubble time is insane, and the science has been among the best that NASA has ever done.

    It's amazing to me that this "it's too risky" reasoning for the cancellation of the repair missions to Hubble is still being floated.

    It's franky disappointing to me as American that we are such a nation of wimps now. I personally think it's more of a risk to send people to the space station in regards to the scientific return.

    While I have seen hundreds of "discovered by Hubble this week" I have not seen one discovery in the news come from the station. It's usually fighting with the Russians or announcing it's going to cost ten times more than we thought to do one twentieth the science.

    Yes, I am off-topic. But I'm mad as hell and not going to take it anymore!

    1. Re:Shuttle repair mission... by Surlyboi · · Score: 5, Interesting

      it is too risky, why do it when they're going to send up another hubble thats better

      Maybe. Or maybe they'll pull the plug on sending the next one up due to lack of funding. Nothing's certain in these days of $87 billion war costs. Hubble is being killed not because it's too dangerous to service but because it doesn't fit into the current administration's space agenda.

      --
      Mod me down and I will become more powerful than you can possibly imagine...
    2. Re:Shuttle repair mission... by danheskett · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Because, in a representative republic it is assumed that our elected, educated, informed representatives will fund things despite PR offensives.

      And so far, they have funded the ISS. Which by most accounts (like the above) is doing some spiffy if not complex science.

    3. Re:Shuttle repair mission... by Lumpy · · Score: 3, Interesting

      you know what... as a scientist you became one to further the human condition and advance science..

      not to discover,patent and get farking rich.

      money grubbing in science has always pissed me off and these people are NOT scientists that do this, they are privateers with an education... nothing more.

      Hubble is about science that benefits EVERYONE on this planet, not about making one person rich, or one company more profitable.

      --
      Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
    4. Re:Shuttle repair mission... by internic · · Score: 2, Interesting

      You know, it's funny, but when I worked at NASA, all the scientists I knew (who worked on neither Hubble nor ISS), thought Hubble produced good science and ISS was a waste of time. All the physicists I know at my University seem to think the same. Take it for what you will.

      --
      "You call it a new way of thinking; I call it regression to ignorance!" -- Operation Ivy
    5. Re:Shuttle repair mission... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Maybe. Or maybe they'll pull the plug on sending the next one up due to lack of funding. Nothing's certain in these days of $87 billion war costs. Hubble is being killed not because it's too dangerous to service but because it doesn't fit into the current administration's space agenda.

      At least a dictator was toppled with the $90 billion war. (Hopefully we will not screw things up so that a worse government takes his place...)

      But over the years the Shuttle program has pissed away at least this much money.

      To pick just one: $4 billion was spent to build a Shuttle launch complex at Vandenberg AFB.

      Vandenberg was supposed to have its own fleet of two Shuttle orbiters having 20 launches per year. But because the Shuttle turned out to be much more expensive and much less reliable than NASA had promised, it was decided that it would be better to launch the Shuttle only from Cape Canaveral. It was just too bad that the launch complex had already been built, and $4 billion almost completely wasted!

  3. Someone tell me again... by ShadowBlasko · · Score: 5, Interesting

    WHY are we just letting the Hubble die again?

    Oh yeah, thats right, NASA says that it costs too much to maintain, and it's getting close to its estimated end of life date.

    Guess we better junk it because it seems we aren't getting any good science out of it. Whats that? oldest known galaxy huh? Cool! .. lets study it to learn more about the origins of the galaxy! Oh, we can't lease any more time on the Hubble because we're junking it remember?.

    Once again, I think NASA really needs to learn a very old saying that you don't junk something until you have a replacement. When the JWT is operational and snug in its lagrange point, then we can talk about whether or not to scrap the Hubble. Until then, I think its worth perhaps *outsourcing* a maintinence mission to another country (or private company) who thinks they can get the job done.

    Who says we *have* to use the shuttle? Or is there something I am missing about the shuttle being the only craft that can work on the Hubble?

    Then again, I can't think of anyone else that can get there at the moment either. And if they can, I suppose they would probably be more apt to put their own agenda's ahead of a NASA maintinence mission.

    Oh well.

    --
    There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order- Ed Howdershelt Via Tass
  4. Well... by Neko-kun · · Score: 4, Interesting

    if NASA is only bitching about not being able to finance the repairs, then why not lease it to another country? With some "creative legalties" we can have the leasing country fix it for us and return it good as new... But how many countries'll fall fall for that one?..

  5. How many shuttles? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

    As I understand it they cannot service hubble because of the danger to astronauts if the shuttle tiles were damaged (unlike the ISS, there is nowhere for the astronauts to "shelter").

    How many shuttles are left? If there were two, perhaps one could go to the ISS on a supply mission, and following a test to check the tiles are OK a second could be launched to the Hubble. If the hubble shuttle had problems the ISS shuttle could go to the rescue?

    Is this all skyborn 3.14? Yep, I'm sure NASA have analysed all these possibilities, but after wasting so many resources on ridiculous exercises it would be a pity if NASA abandoned the one thing that does a day to day useful job out in space!

  6. Less than 10% more distance to see nothing by gringer · · Score: 5, Interesting

    So, we can apparently see [the light from] something 13 billion light years away, and find something 750 million years old, meaning we can see about 95% of the life of the universe.

    How long will it be before we can get to the point where the whole universe was invisible?

    --
    Ask me about repetitive DNA
  7. Off topic content... by fatgeekuk · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Well, it isn't off topic, but It feels that way with all the content about the decommissioning of hubble...

    A simple question (note, I have only superficial understanding of astronomy so this is probably a very stupid question.)

    This picture/set of pictures shows a galaxy as it was less than a billion years after the bb.

    How long does a galaxy take to form?
    How long does a galaxy take to rotate (I have not seen the pictures, so do not know if it is a spiral galaxy or not)

    Does a galaxy take longer to form (to the point this one shows) than is allowed for by our current estimates of the age of the universe?

    Sorry, I will stop the off topic discussion now, and we can get back to talking about de-orbiting and such... :-)

    1. Re:Off topic content... by AlecC · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Our galaxy takes 200m-300m years to rotate. Current theories, I think, suggest that they take much the same time to form. But I think that is the sort of question this kind of observation is trying to answer. It may be part of the answer - if galaxies take longer to form than the apparent age of the universe when this one wes formed (which I don't think was the case), somebody's theories need changing. If not, it is another pebble of evidence on the side of current theories.

      --
      Consciousness is an illusion caused by an excess of self consciousness.
  8. the farthest? by mafti · · Score: 1, Interesting

    Erm, why do we know it's the farthest galaxy??? is there behind that galaxy nothing? or perhaps a sign that says: "no trespassing beyond this marker, there's absolutely nothing behind it"

  9. Re: EVA by neodymium · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Don't the astronauts have to do EVA anyway while doing the Hubble service ? I mean, they should be able to spare 10mins for checking the shuttle... No reason for a second EVA.

  10. Re:Question by SimianOverlord · · Score: 0, Interesting

    The light Hubble is picking up was created 750M years ago by this far galaxy. It has taken 750M years to travel to where we are now. That takes into account the expansion of the universe, and the distance change between source and detector during the lights travel.

    The galaxy has already shined light on us, but this is irrelevant as it is different photons, not the same light. So that light has passed by, but because the galaxy is still emitting light, we still detect it, 750 million years later. If it exploded now , then it would take 750M years (give or take) before we'd see it exploding.

    I think that answers your question, though I'm not totally sure what your question was.

    --
    Meine Schwester ist sehr, sehr reizvoll - Nietzsche
  11. The edge by rotciv86 · · Score: 1, Interesting

    Do ya ever think they'll actually be able to see the edge of the universe?

    --


    My ghEtt0 webpage.
  12. NASA Didn't Decide - O'Keefe Did by jmichaelg · · Score: 5, Interesting
    The decision was a unilateral decision on O'Keefe's part. He's been called to account by Senator Barbara Mikulski.

    In typical cya fashion, O'Keefe called on Harold Gehman, who led the Columbia accident inquiry, to review the decision. It's a bit of neener neener on O'Keefe's part because Gehman's commission nailed NASA for sloppy safety management policies.

    What O'Keefe is saying to Gehman is "Look you SOB - you try running an agency that's being pulled 20 different ways and see if you don't start cutting corners."

    Problem for O'Keefe is that there are plenty of ideas on how to both service Hubble and adhere to the Gehman's commission's advice. Not surprisingly, NASA management choses to ignore its engineers instead of listen.

    Nasa will be well rid of Mr. O'Keefe when he leaves. Next time, maybe the powers that be will appoint someone with an engineering background to run the agency.

  13. Re:Ping? by Pflipp · · Score: 2, Interesting



    The problem is, when you have your reply back, you have no guarantee whatsoever that the galaxy is still up. Who is telling you that it hasn't exploded a million years ago?

    --
    "We can confirm that Debian does *not* ship the version with the trojan horse. Our version predates it." [CA-2002-28]
  14. ionized is transparent? by lethe1001 · · Score: 2, Interesting
    The newly discovered galaxy is likely to be a young galaxy shining during the end of the so - called "Dark Ages" - the period in cosmic history which ended with the first galaxies and quasars transforming opaque, molecular hydrogen into the transparent, ionized universe we see today.

    ionized = transparent? i thought it was the other way around: neutral atomic hydrogen is transparent, ionized charged plasma is opaque. am i confused, or is it the article?

    1. Re:ionized is transparent? by whosiwhatsitnow · · Score: 2, Interesting
      -note- although I'm a grad student in astrophysics, I still don't know jack. That being said, here we go.

      If you were to watch an individual proton in an ionized gas, it wouldn't be a bare proton all of the time.. depending on the density of radiation and protons+electrons, at some average rate a lucky electron would recombine with it and go almost immediately* to hydrogen's ground state (emitting light corresponding to allowed transitions along the way, which isn't capable of exciting ground state electrons -- it escapes the plasma, although it will random walk through elastic scattering w/ p's and e's).

      after some more time, a photon with energy above 13.6 eV will get sufficiently close to the hydrogen atom, and ionize it. There are cooling processes that allow the electon to dissipate its excess kinetic energy, and it will soon find another proton to dance with. The process repeats. A similar story holds for photons that merely excite H's energy levels, ie. they can't escape either. So, long story short, only photons with energy above the ionization potential of Hydrogen, and photons that will take you from the ground state of H to some other excited state, are absorbed by the plasma. What's left over is what we see. You can see how this will change once you add in different types of atoms, with their own unique spectra, but there will still be "windows" in the spectrum. So in that sense, and ionized plasma is transparent.

      *this requires a quantum mechanical calculation to show

  15. They could say anything by thehomeland · · Score: 1, Interesting

    Is there any way to verify what these Hubble-peekers say about smudges? They could say, "The galaxy in the picture has the highest concentration of the rare giant purple dwarf pulsar blackhole wormhole exitportal star system, mysteriously found only in the astronomical age labeled "XB-66" and likely contains numerous supernovae remnant crystalline class QQQf planets from which all possibility life in the universe is speculated to have originated" and the public would believe it, because they have the degrees and we don't. Looks like a smudge to me.

  16. Wow, primal galaxies formed FAST!!! by Thorstein · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Only 750 million years after the big bang, this primal galaxy formed!!! That is amazingly quick. Our galaxy is purported to have taken a lot longer for it to form. The implications are immense.

  17. maybe this will help by dh003i · · Score: 1, Interesting

    On a humerous note, maybe this phenomena of the gravitational lense can be used to help geeks see their penis'.

  18. Re:NASA survey confirms: Hubble is Dying by cavac · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Hubble might not be able to see that far into space with failed gyros; but before NASA is going to cancel Hubble because of that, they might wanna have a little chat with ESA engineers about operating their joint-venture IUE project without gyros.

    To quote from the project page: The IUE is the longest-lived and one of the most productive satellites ever built. It worked non-stop (only one week of program interruption was made in 1985) until it was switched off in September 1996, 14 years later than originally planned., but the paragraphs NASA's engineers should be interested most in is:
    The reliability of IUE's operation throughout its 18-year lifetime was staggering. Although the back-up cameras were faulty, the primary cameras remained fully operational. Despite the failure of four of its six gyroscopes, the pointing and slew control remained precise to the last.

    When its fourth gyroscope failed in 1985, IUE continued operations thanks to an innovative reworking of its attitude control system by using the fine Sun sensor as a substitute. Targets were acquired blindly by knowledge of their positions and by careful pointing of the telescope. This redesign (the first ever in the history of space) worked well, with the loss of only a few minutes observation time per hour. Even with another gyroscope lost in its last year, IUE could still be stabilised in three axes, with only a single gyroscope, by adding star-tracker measurements.


    So, in my opinion, Hubble could stick around a long time, as long as NASA accepts that it can't look into "very deep space" anymore, only into "somewhat deep space". It still can be very usefull to explore nearby stars and our own planets.

    LLAP & LG
    Rene

    --
    Look, this thing is totally safe! Built it myself, you know. You just press that button like this and then turn that lev
  19. ISS as telescope platform? by madpierre · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Why not just add a space telescope module to the ISS?
    Thats what space platforms are supposed to be for, or
    isnt the ISS flexible enough a system to handle this?

    --
    siggy played guitar