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Titanic Saturn
barakn writes "Using the Crab Nebula as an x-ray source, scientists have observed Titan's x-ray shadow to get a preliminary estimate of the extent of its outer atmosphere. On the same page, another article discusses the possibility that the hydrocarbon seas of Titan bear waves, albeit slow-moving and widely spaced, 7 times higher than waves on Earth (additional wave links here, here, and here). And Cassini-Huygens has snapped a photo of Saturn showing "two small, faint dark spots" in the southern hemisphere (this link has convenient arrows pointing at them, or here). Cassini-Huygens will achieve Saturn orbit insertion on July 1st. Huygens will detach and enter Titan's atmosphere in January, 2005."
Yes, that's a good question. IANAPS (planetary scientist) but studying physics and should be able to give you a rough answer:
It's because titan is much farther away from the sun than earth and therefore much colder.
The point at which the loss of atmosphere becomes significant is when a sizeable amount of the atmosphere's molecules have escape velocity due to their temperature. Maybe mars lost it's atmosphere that way.
Try, e.g. "celestia" a free universe simulator to get a picture of the distances in the solar system.
We barely understand weather on Earth; any and every bit of information we have on storms outside of Earth helps us to understand storms, and weather, on Earth, for one.
So that means waves on Titan and spots on Saturn.
This boils down to fluid dynamics, energy exchange, and chaos.
This also means it applies to helicopters, airplanes, submarines, cars, drip irrigation systems, washing machines, tornado prediction, and the lottery!
GPL Deconstructed
While Europa is interesting for potentially having a liquid water ocean underneath its crust, I'd personally rank Titan more interesting for the liquid hydrocarbon soup, which tends to form organic things over time. I just hope that this mission is only the start of our explorations of the moon.
Inquiring minds want to know: how does Titan keep its thick atmosphere in such low (15% of Earth) gravity?
Titan is cold, its atmosphere's molecules slow and heavy.
It possibly was ejected in its formative phase containing a lot of volatile elements which replenish it as it goes.
It may participate in a gas torus cycle with Saturn where the atmosphere stripped by solar winds is fed into Saturn's orbit for potential later return to Titan.
Code Of The LifeMaker, by James Hogan, is a SF novel about the first explorations of Titan--nitrogen atmosphere, methane seas, water-ice continents covered by nitrogenous-hydrocarbon soils. And, of course, its indigenous population of sentient, medieval robots, that destroy the first Terran probes and subsequently meet humans.
Hogan's a clunky, dated writer, but it's an entertaining read. And if Huygens mysteriously fails on the surface next year...
"Science is a tribute to what we can know although we are fallible" -Jacob Bronowski
I hope I'm not the only one, but looking at those pictures made me remember how beautiful Saturn is... it has a sense of unreality about it, it just looks so perfect. The atmosphere's bands all seem to be perfect rings around its surface, one part of me asks "why," the other part thinks "who cares, it looks pretty."
I know this could prolly be considered off topic, but I was just struck by the pictures of the planet and I wonder how, when so many dazzling images of space exist, can anyone act so ambivalent about space programs? It just doesn't make sense to me.
Oh and was I the only one who pictures a bizzare version of The Perfect Storm when reading about those waves, a more boring movie with less waves and it takes longer to climb each one. I think Hollywood should begin pre-production in May.
Yup...
I really believe thatss what Bush administration wants from space program - American domination of the future resources of the world. Oil reserves may be exhausted by 2050. But if they are correct about the composition of Titan's atmosphere, then thats probably the place to focus on.
Physicists are interested in planets like Jupiter, chemists can leaarn allot from planets like Titan. Mars has plenty to keep geologists, and physical geographers happy. And they all have plenty to amuse meteorologists, SETI buffs, and space historian types....
I see your point though. They all pale in comparison to the incredible diversity found on terra firma - Earth.
If ET ever does want to visit this solar system, you can be pretty sure he'll go straight for Earth!!
It's because of the gas torus effect. When atmosphere leaks away from Titan, it's still in roughly the same orbit about Saturn. When a lot of the atmosphere has leaked into that same orbit, it builds up and starts to form a torus of gas around Titan's orbit which helps keep the moon's atmosphere replenished. It's the presence of Saturn which allows this effect; rather than just getting blown into interstellar space like atmosphere escaping from, say, Mars does, it goes around Saturn and more or less comes back.
Mod down posts with a "Free Mac Mini/iPod" sig, they're spam!
Anyway, IIRC there are some future missions on the drawing board intended exclusively for Europa.
ESA's 'shipping forecast' - from Titan!
The Cassini probe has his own blog.
Anthropomorphized space probe's blogs started in January, and got more popular last month when some JPL'ers started ones for the GOES and FUSE satellites.
Here is a list of 14 active space probe's blogs.
Oil reserves may be exhausted by 2050. But if they are correct about the composition of Titan's atmosphere, then thats probably the place to focus on.
Dude, do you have any idea what you're talking about? If we could import oil from the outer solar system at anything resembling a reasonable price, we wouldn't need oil.
Les Miserables Volume 1 now up with my reading of
The mass of the molecules is also involved. If the average kinetic energy of the molecules is of the order kT, a more massive molecule will have a lower average speed. The nitrogen molecules of earth's atmosphere are quite a bit more massive than hydrogen molecules, which I believe earth cannot hold onto for long periods of time.