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Inside Look at Patent Examination

KingFatty writes "This article written by a former patent examiner describes patent application as a matter of luck when it comes to the competency of the examiner. "Every examiner starts with his or her first patent application after receiving just two weeks of training at the USPTO Patent Academy, where he or she learns the basics of the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure. Will your patent application be examined by that newly recruited examiner? If so, will the examiner's supervisor (supervisory patent examiner or SPE)[be] sufficiently skilled in the art in which the patent application is classified?" Gives insights as to the problems with the US Patent and Trademark System."

18 of 214 comments (clear)

  1. Peer review by sweet+cunny+muffin · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Why aren't patents exposed to peer review, like academic articles are? The invention (if it is) will be protected by the patent pending laws while it's reviewed.

    1. Re:Peer review by nodwick · · Score: 5, Insightful
      Why aren't patents exposed to peer review, like academic articles are? The invention (if it is) will be protected by the patent pending laws while it's reviewed.
      Having had some experience with the academic peer review process, from both the reviewer and reviewee perspective, I feel obligated to point out that the peer review process is far from perfect as well. Off the top of my head, a couple of points to consider:

      1. Finding qualified reviewers. Many academics in my field (network theory) have been complaining about "reviewer burnout". Simply put, any popular field will have lots of people submitting papers [patents, in your analogy] in an effort to boost their publications. Oftentimes, many of these people will submit stuff that's obviously not publication-quality material, but reviewers still have to spend their time first to evaluate it and then to produce a good writeup justifying rejecting it. To be sure, there are still good papers, but the general experience seems to be that the signal-to-noise ratio of submissions is directly inverse to the popularity of the field. Imagine how much worse this would be for patents, where the payoff is not just CV bragging rights but actual profit dollars.

      The end result is that it's difficult to get quality reviews, because the reviewers (who, by definition of peer review, tend to be very busy professionals who already have a lot to do) get burned out and are tempted to just breeze through reviews. Since the patent office gets many more patent applications than your typical journal, I'd imagine this would be an even bigger problem for patents.

      2. Finding honest reviewers. By making patents peer-reviewed, you're forcing applicants to disclose the details of their technology to their peers before their patent is accepted. A similar situation exists in academia where often multiple research groups are working on the same research project. Sadly, it's not unheard of for particular reviewers to stonewall acceptance of papers because they have similar results which they are submitting / hope to submit soon to another journal. Imagine how, in the case of patent review where people are competing not just for notoriety but for profits, an even bigger incentive would exist for this sort of thing to go on.

      I understand that your point is that it would be nice to have highly qualified individuals doing patent reviews, which would hopefully inject more common sense into the proceedings. I'm just saying that setting up such a system may hhave its own problems to iron out.

  2. Nonsense. by jtheory · · Score: 4, Funny

    It's quite clear to me that most of the problems in our patent system were caused by Albert Einstein.

    Now patent clerks everywhere do half-assed work, their brains busy trying to come up with the next great theory of time, gravity, and light.

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  3. Huge Patent Issues by cexshun · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I feel the largest problem with the patent system is allowing people to patent "ideas" without a working prototype. I think this can and will lead to intuitive innovations being passed over because the manufacturer would have to pay patent fees to the "inventor". Total BS.

    If the "inventor" didn't have the balls to put his/her money where their mouth is, then they don't deserve shit! Let's not punish companies willing to put forth money into a great idea by making them pay some lazy ass moron who payed a small patent fee to patent his idea of clapping to turn on a light.

    1. Re:Huge Patent Issues by alen · · Score: 4, Insightful

      But isn't this going to punish the small inventor that may not have the financial resources or VC contacts to profit from their ideas?

    2. Re:Huge Patent Issues by jmullen · · Score: 5, Informative

      Working as a patent agent at a top IP law firm, I am probably biased. Nonetheless, I will provide you with your answer. People that patent their ideas have made a working model of their invention in a way. In order for a patent, your application has to "enable one skilled in the art at the time the invention was made" to build and operate the invention. You can't patent ideas. You can't say "i want to patent an antigravity device." However, if you come up with a way to make an antigravity device you have to disclose how to make one. If you do not disclose how to make it then the patent will not be valid because 1) it will not be an enabling disclosure; and 2) you will not have described the best mode. Now, we want people to patent things. Patents are one of the reasons why technology is blooming. Before the patent system was utilized, companies would keep ideas secret as ... trade secrets. Now, they are utilizing the patent system in which the government gives them a 20 year limited monopoly (i.e., the reason why there will never be an antitrust issue because of a patent, just business practices) in exchange for the public disclosure of how to make and use the invention. Those are the facts. Jeff

  4. salaries by kaan · · Score: 4, Interesting

    From the article:

    "The salaries of entry level patent examiners presently range from $32,819 to $70,959. Overtime is strongly encouraged after several months of experience is accrued, and it is not unusual for a junior examiner with three or four years experience to make more than $100,000 annually with overtime and bonuses."

    Sounds like they're trying pretty hard to entice people to become patent officers, because the pay scale seems abnormally high for a governmental job. Starting salaries up to $70k per year? Geeez.... Or maybe the salary range is required because the job sucks so much.

  5. Re:Nonsense, ala Family Guy by FrYGuY101 · · Score: 4, Funny

    Mr. Smith: I've come to patent a theory. I call it "Smith's Theory of Relativity".
    Einstein thumbs through the papers.
    Enistein knocks out Mr. Smith, and runs.

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    "If we let things terrify us, life will not be worth living."

    - Seneca
  6. Hamstrung When Looking for Prior Art? by cbj · · Score: 4, Interesting

    When we graduated my wife received a job offer to work as a patent examiner. Despite the fact that she has a degree in computer science I do not believe it would prevent absurd and obvious invention patents from going through the system. As best as I can tell the examiners are limited to prior patent applications and official publications in searching for prior art. Little room seems to be reserved for common sense. Quite thankfully she did not accept the job offer because I didn't want to move to D.C. and the pay wasn't that great for someone with that degree.

    1. Re:Hamstrung When Looking for Prior Art? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative
      As best as I can tell the examiners are limited to prior patent applications and official publications in searching for prior art.

      As a former USPTO examiner, I can say that it is not a matter of prior art availability. An examiner has pretty much all of the prior art they wish for in their examination. It is not just the old patent "shoes" and prior patents. Examiners have access to a large number of private databases, the Internet, foreign language translation services ... what have you.

      What is limited is the time the examiner has to thoroughly investigate all possibly relevant prior art. Patent examiners in the USPTO are subject to "productivity" expectations, and if they spend too much time on any particular application, then another application will suffer from insufficient review. Moreover, it is highly unlikely that any particular patent application will come back to bite them. The system (like many others) is geared toward looking at numbers and not quality.

  7. Turnover by Talking+Toaster · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Every examiner starts with his or her first patent application after receiving just two weeks of training

    So, what is the turnover rate at the USPO?
    What percentage of the examiners are seasoned examiners of patent applications etc.
    What percentage of the examiners have worked there for less than 2 years?

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  8. Always Reject on the First Round by StateOfTheUnion · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I was talking to a lawyer about patent applications once . . . his comment was that they are always rejected on the first round, so it was best to actually not submit all documentation in the first round so that there would be additional documentation to submit during the second round. His claim was that patent employees are overworked and often underskilled (because they are required to have such a broad breadth of knowledge) and if they don't know a lot about the particular technology, they would reject the application based on some general ground rules . . . if you gave a lot of extra data, etc. in the resubmittal it would often go through. I don't know if this is a common practice and IANAL, but I think its more than a bit sad that a lawyer would have such a cynical view . . . and perhaps even more sad if the system is actually deserving of this cynical view.

    1. Re:Always Reject on the First Round by radiumhahn · · Score: 5, Interesting

      I'm 4 years into a patent examination... I wish I could go back and reword some of the original text... You need to define everything upfront because they wont let you change your application other than to clarify better what you have already claimed. You'll have to file a new patent for anything extra. I am pretty sure I got a bad draw...one of the rookies... my advice is to use understandable claims that are phrased in a way that AI and indexing software will never find any matches... If you use popular words and phrasings you are asking for trouble.

  9. On the inside by Mateito · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Sorry to disagree with the article, but the best way to get an inside look at a patent examener is with a blunt object.

    Yeah, I know its a hard job.. but even the worst fuck-up gets it right once in a while.

    The solution is simple. Pay the experts what they are worth to do the job. Just like they should with teachers. Its never going to happen.

    There is way too much money to be made in having IP control over an uneducated populace.

  10. Re:Possible Solution by cbcbcb · · Score: 4, Insightful

    No. That way the chances of getting a patent approved are proportional to the number you submit, so big companies would file more, and smaller companies and sole inventors would be essentially unable to get patents.

  11. Suggested Patent Reform: Require working model by GGardner · · Score: 4, Interesting

    In the early days of the patent office, they used to require a working model. I think they should return to this requirement. In my experience, ideas themselves, which can be patented, aren't nearly as valuable as the implementation of those ideas. This would probably also cut down on a lot of bogus patent submissions.

  12. Because, it makes for good FUD. by Tangurena · · Score: 4, Interesting
    If you put Patent(s) Pending on a manufactured good, your competitors will not know what features may or may not be covered by a patent. Since patents are kept secret from the time filed to the time issued, no one really knows if there is a filed patent or not. One could be liable for treble damages if you knew that there was a patent, or a pending one when you copied it.

    The real problems for other manufacturers are the submarine patents, where the inventor keeps the application alive for 15 or so years, tweaking the application. Since there is an application pending, all other applications for the same thing get denied. An example would be single-chip-microprocessors. Since everyone in the industry tried to patent it and were denied, they assumed that it was not a patentable idea. Big surprise when the submarine came up to sink the industry. When I went to a police academy, we were taught never to assume anything. The saying goes, when you assume, you make an ass out of u and me.

    The big problem for the software industry is that there have been enterprising crooks filing patents based on obscure theses and books, hoping that no one notices it was plagiarized. The patent examiners are not stopping duplicate patents now, they want the user fees, and to the devil (err the courts) with the details.

  13. IP tax by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The people protect patented IP rights by funding the PTO and courts in which IP cases are tried. Patents ought to be filed with a tax on their owners as a percentage of returns on the IP. So there's no barrier to filing, but cashing in on the protected asset pays for its protection. The owner's IP assets:income ratio would be applied to the IP, and say a 0.01% tax would be applied to the IP's share of the revenue. The taxes would be spent on a small administration of patent process managers. The actual examinations and tests would be outsourced to certified private American engineering firms. Thus the engine of American ingenuity would be harnessed to drive around the seatbelts, airbags and ABS brakes of the entire infrastructure. Until then, the IP holders are getting a free ride.

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