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"Mozart Effect" Has A Molecular Basis

pingbak writes "The 'Mozart effect,' where students were observed performing better after being exposed to a Mozart sonata, appears to have a basis in reality. According to New Scientist, two researchers have found the underlying biomechanics in mice stimulated by the effect. They don't know the details why Mozart's sonatas really cause this effect, but they know where to look. Guess I'm going to have to switch Shoutcast streams now..."

18 of 88 comments (clear)

  1. What a waste. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny
    Now find me the music that gets the ladies "in the mood," and there's some research I'll be happy to see my tax dollars funding.

    (Boy, am I opening myself up with this one!)

    P.S. 1st post.

    ~~~

  2. Underlying biomechanics? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Just the opposite. They seem to have found some end results of this process in some gene expression. How the hell listening to Mozart could cause this has yet to be explained.

  3. Duh. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    People who listen to Mozart score better on their exams than those who listen to Britney Spears. I'm sure this is all about some kind of mysterious electromagnetic interaction with synapse electric fields and not about better taste being highly correlated with higher intelligence. When those rats start quoting Shakespeare, get back to me.

    1. Re:Duh. by Professor+Cool+Linux · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Which rats the RIAA (and its followers) or the test subjects

    2. Re:Duh. by sydb · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I agree that people who like Mozart are inately superior; I myself enjoy his works.

      However I'm pretty sure my performance does in fact change when I listen to Mozart. In fact I find the two best things to listen to, which seem to promote logical thinking and motivation to act, are Mozart (and similar music) and noise (like Aube).

      I suspect they have different modes of operation.

      Mozart's music is very well structured, like a good program, so the mind can latch on to the motifs therein and engage in the rythmn of the music without an overriding desire to get up and dance.

      Noise encourages the imagination gently, by providing a relatively blank canvas, but, given decent composition, also a sense of rythmn in the sound.

      I find music with lyrics is useless as an adjunct to work as the words are distracting. Most other types of music are dance-provoking.

      Mozart and Noise are great!

      --
      Yours Sincerely, Michael.
    3. Re:Duh. by Ieshan · · Score: 4, Informative

      If you actually read the study, it has nothing to do about musical preference.

      Subjects in the human study were recruited randomly and placed into one of three conditions: Mozart, No Music, Popular Music.

      They performed better under the 'Mozart' condition.

    4. Re:Duh. by outlier · · Score: 5, Informative

      There have also been a number of studies that challenge some of the claims of the Mozart effect. For example:

      "Listening to Mozart does not improve children's spatial ability: Final curtains for the Mozart effect" McKelvie, Pippa; Low, Jason; British Journal of Developmental Psychology, Vol 20(2), Jun 2002. pp. 241-258.

      "The mystery of the Mozart effect: Failure to replicate." Steele, Kenneth M.; Bass, Karen E.; Crook, Melissa D.; Psychological Science, Vol 10(4), Jul 1999. pp. 366-369.

      "Failure to confirm the Rauscher and Shaw description of recovery of the Mozart effect." Steele, Kenneth M.; Brown, Joshua D.; Stoecker, Jaimily A.; Perceptual & Motor Skills, Vol 88(3, Pt 1), Jun 1999. pp. 843-848.

      "The Mozart effect: An artifact of preference." Nantais, Kristin M.; Schellenberg, E. Glenn; Psychological Science, Vol 10(4), Jul 1999. pp. 370-373.

      Abstract: Replicated and extended the findings that were reported by F. H. Rauscher, G. L. Shaw, and K. N. Ky (1993, 1995) about the Mozart effect, which indicates that spatial-temporal abilities are enhanced after listening to music composed by Mozart. In Exp 1, performance on a spatial-temporal task was better after 56 college students listened to a piece composed by Mozart or by Schubert than after they sat in silence. 28 college students participated in Exp 2, which found that the advantage for the music condition disappeared when the control condition consisted of a narrated story instead of silence. Results suggest that performance was a function of listeners' preference (music or story), with better performance following the preferred condition. (emphasis added)

      "The Mozart effect: Not learning from history". Jones, Stephanie M.; Zigler, Edward; Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Vol 23(3), May-Jun 2002. pp. 355-372.

      Abstract: This paper critiques the links between recent reports on the impact of early experience on the developing brain and proposed policies and interventions for young children. Using the "Mozart effect" as a contemporary example, as well as several examples from history, the case is made that brain research is being misappropriated to the service of misguided, "quick fix" solutions to more complicated, systemic issues. The paper concludes with a brief summary of research that, by contrast, illustrates the substantive contribution of high quality, intensive, multidomain interventions to early cognitive and social development. (emphasis added)

      Of course, this doesn't really say anything about the current study. It may very well be that some features of Mozart's work (or classical music, or music, or certain types of sounds) do have distinct effects on gene expression at the hippocampus. It may also be that lots of other stimuli have similar effects. Take this, and the whole "Mozart Effect" thing with a very large grain of salt.

  4. Mozart can't be that special... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    This sort of phenomenon has to be triggered by something _other_ than Mozart. Like the pitch or frequency or some voodoo like that. But not because Mozart wrote it. I'm sure the same thing works with lots of classical music.

    1. Re:Mozart can't be that special... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative
      This sort of phenomenon has to be triggered by something _other_ than Mozart.

      Yes, other studies have found any stimulating (fast) music works. Certain people still like to pretend it's an endorcement of classical music.

    2. Re:Mozart can't be that special... by NanoGator · · Score: 3, Interesting

      "Yes, other studies have found any stimulating (fast) music works. Certain people still like to pretend it's an endorcement of classical music."

      Not a big fan of classical music myself, but I can sort of see it working. Classical music has more of a pattern to it than modern dance music. Memorizing it takes a little more mental resources, depending on the song that is. I remember listening to a well made techno remake of Beethoven's 5th. (It's from the Jaguar Game Defender 2000, you can find it here, it's Trak 8 Bonus level..) I remember listening to it and thinking about how rich it felt. I never cared for the original orchestral version but the techno one was done very artistically. It felt like it had more artistic patterns to it than my typical library of techno music.

      I really can't rationalize this on a a scientific level, but there's far more to this song to appreciate than I normally run across. I wouldn't be the least bit surprised if more of my neurons were firing off pulses as a result of it.

      I really don't think, though, it's because it's classical music specifically. I think it just has more to do with the way the composers had to make the music back then. Writing notes down on paper. One can imagine how, during the creation of that song, they'd make the notes themselves as artistic as possible. These days, I don't think music is quite made like that. Seems to be more about making the lyrics work and attaching a few loops and beats to it to chain the words together. I think the more 'engaging' music could easily be made today, it's a matter of focusing the artist down to making art from the patterns of notes.

      Or maybe I'm just on crack. I just couldn't help remembering how much I appreciated hearing that techno remix of that song after reading the article today. Lots of ideas about that.

      --
      "Derp de derp."
  5. Anything's better than rap by billcopc · · Score: 5, Funny

    I'd much rather see a Honda Wigger blasting Mozart in his car, than the wretched "Niggas N Hoes" shake-fest. If it has any positive effect on his intelligence that's a much needed bonus.

    But I think these research efforts would be better invested towards designing rap music that kills its listener.

    --
    -Billco, Fnarg.com
  6. Re:Not likely by Bastian · · Score: 4, Funny

    That would be a violation of the first law of car stereo dynamics: The price of the car stereo system is inversely proportional to the quality of music that it plays.

    (On a side note, I'm curious if there's a way to create some sort of HERF gun that reliably disables subwoofers but nothing else. Is this even theoretically possible?)

  7. Overly compressed? by Kaali · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Maybe it has something to do with overly compressing music, as seems to be the case on 98% of modern records. In classical recordings the music has it's ups and downs volume-wise, on modern recordings the volume is almost flat. Maybe our brains get the energy for listening to progressing sounds of pitch, rhytmical qualities and volume? I trust that these scientists tested on music that is not loop-based, but progressive.. but did they test on a record that is not overly compressed?

    1. Re:Overly compressed? by SW6 · · Score: 5, Informative
      So I guess a .WAV file would be better than an MP3, which would be better than OGG? Too much compression? :^)

      I might have guessed that Slashdot readers immediately think of reduced file sizes when somebody mentions "compression" and "audio" in the same sentence.

      Compression when applied to (analogue) audio means changing the dynamic range of the signal - i.e. making quiet parts louder - so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The Dolby B system for audio cassettes should be known by many. Such compression usually includes a decompression step to recreate the original signal. This is why tape players without Dolby decoders will have a different sound - because you're still listening to the compressed signal.

      Compression can also be used to make the dynamic range "flat", i.e. that the signal has a constant average volume. Many radio stations compress like this so that they sound the loudest on the dial. However, the music tends to sound terrible as a result. Such compression is destructive because everything is made equally loud and a decompressor cannot determine the original volume to recreate the original signal.

      So, the former kind of compression is fine, even desirable, whereas the latter is not. Try not to confuse them, but if somebody does, they're probably on about the latter ;)

  8. Re:Neural stimulation. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny
    I find alcohol helps. After a few beers, I feel like I can program anything.

    I've written some of my best Perl after a couple of Sam Adamses. I know it's great Perl because I can't read it afterwards, and it doesn't work.

  9. Re:Not likely by UID1000000 · · Score: 3, Funny

    Here is how you get that to work:

    1. Buy up 1st tier suppliers for radio mfgs.
    2. Implement "secret" feature to disable these with a simple RF frz.
    2.5 ...
    3. Wait 5 years.
    4. Enjoy the ability to disable almost anyone's car radio and equipment.
    5. ...
    6. Build a device that disables your disabling system. Sell to youngsters.
    7. PROFIT!
    8. See secret item 2.5 where you built in a second disabling device.
    9. Enjoy your power.

    --
    UID 1000000 is just around the corner.

  10. Form? Structure? What? by wafwot · · Score: 5, Interesting


    As a composer and an on-going student of music (you never really stop learning), I feel I should comment on this.

    Mozart's music may be extremely structured, but it was also innovative because of it's lack of structure. If you listen closely, you can see that Mozart would write out "improvised" sections, as his best asset was his ability to improvise just about anything. Calling a simple chord progression structure is like saying, "This pile of mud is a house."

    A lot of new music, and I don't mean anything you can find on the radio, is highly structured. Minimalists, such as Philip Glass and Steve Reich, build their music off of a few (or many) simple rhythmic/melodic elements that are repeated.

    In all honesty, there may not be any logical explanation. Have they tried other recordings of this piece? Or just one? What about some of his other piano sonatas? Or maybe Beethoven's Piano Sonata in Cminor (which was based, nearly measure by measure on Mozart's Piano Sonata in Cminor)? What about Bach? Or Haydn?

    Before they can make any real conclusions, I think they have a metric butt-ton of research to do.

  11. It's about the symmetry by rakeswell · · Score: 3, Interesting
    Remember that he [Mozart] started writing in the Baroque period, where mathematical precision and principles were being explored in music. See Bach for instance.

    This statement is misinformed.

    While Mozart was born in the same year that Bach died, there was no stylistic relationship between them. It wasn't until much later in his life that Mozart even discovered the works of Bach. Even in his day, Bach was considered old fashioned, and was very much "out of style".

    While Bach looked back to the old contrapunctal methods of structuring a piece of music, Mozart (and his contemporaries) were involved with largely homophonic music written in the Sonata form. In terms of texture, music from the classical common practice (including Mozart) consists of a melodic subject, and an accompaniment, whereas textures in Bach's music relies heavily on imitative counterpoint.

    My thinking has always been that if the "Mozart effect" actually has any basis, it's in the structure of the melodic phrasing: antecedent consequent.

    In classical common practice, melodic phrasing usually followed the convention of an Antecedant phrase (often moving harmonically from the region of tonic to dominant), followed by a Consequent phrase (often harmonically moving from dominant to tonic). This creates a very strong sence of symmetry. To pick a tune probably everyone here is familiar with, think of the opening phrases (or any other for that matter) from Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.

    It is this powerful effect of aural symmetry that I suspect has the most profound effect on our minds. It also typifies classicism in every sence: reason, order, symmetry.

    BTW, I really find no basis for the all-too-common assertion of the link between mathematics and music. Composers (excepting people like Stockhausen perhaps) do not conceptualize music in mathematical terms. There is a relationship in that both music and mathematics have a symbolic notation, and that one can describe anything using mathematics, but that's about it.

    --
    All one has to do is hit the right keys at the right time and the instrument plays itself. - Johann Sebastian Bach