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New Satellite Data Confirms Global Warming

starannihilator writes "Researchers at the University of Washington have analyzed satellite data using a new and more accurate method (using channel 4 on the Microwave Sounding Unit satellite) to show that the troposphere has been warming faster than the Earth's surface for more than two decades. Nature reports that previous interpretations (using MSU channel 2) did not indicate such dramatic tropospheric warming because the data were compromised by stratospheric conditions. For years, the debate over global warming raged largely as a result of an incongruency between trends in surface and tropospheric temperatures. The new data gained by MSU channel 4 are consistent with the surface temperature's rising trends and indicate that global warming is, in fact, occuring in the troposphere. Read the full article in Nature, or similar stories in the Seattle Times and Newswise."

28 of 153 comments (clear)

  1. Global warming or global cooling by jgardn · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I've changed my view on global warming. I used to think the whole earth couldn't warm or cool, but it would stay the same over time. Now I believe that the earth does warm and cool over significant variations. So we are in a global warming phase, if the toposphere is absolute proof (which we can't be sure about.)

    The question is: What can we do about it?
    The answer is: Unfortunately, not much. If we cut all the world's emissions of greenhouse gasses drastically in half, that wouldn't account for the other variations responsible for global warming like a more active sun or just the phase of the weather patterns on earth or the temperature of the sea. I have to think about it this way: If humanity did all it could to cool or warm the earth, what would we accomplish? The answer is that the earth is so huge and so complicated that we can't predict whether our actions would cause havoc or remedy. I mean, we could spend trillions of dollars on a system to cool the troposphere only to find out that by doing so we are causing more hurricanes and such.

    The earth is a chaotic system, and chaotic systems for the most part are unpredictable. A variation of a few hundredths of a degree in one place in the world can be responsible for a hurricane in another.

    --
    The radical sect of Islam would either see you dead or "reverted" to Islam.
    1. Re:Global warming or global cooling by hak1du · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The earth is a chaotic system, and chaotic systems for the most part are unpredictable. A variation of a few hundredths of a degree in one place in the world can be responsible for a hurricane in another.

      Just because some aspects of weather are chaotic doesn't mean nothing can be predicted. Global average temperatures don't go up or down independent of any contributing factors: ice coverage, atmospheric composition, humidity and other factors all have well-defined effects. There are some relationships we don't understand yet, but that doesn't make those relationships chaotic.

      We can be certain that if we continue on our current path, growing emissions of greenhouse gases, we will change the climate dramatically some time this century. That's simple physics: changing the earth's energy balance significantly must lead to changes in something on earth. What we don't know yet is whether it will kick in a new ice age (which would be negative feedback), lead to gradual warming (no feedback), or runaway greenhouse effects (positive feedback). Even if negative feedback would magically keep the temperature constant, something (vegetation, ice cover, etc.) would have to make up for change in energy balance. But no matter what the change, it will end up being costly.

    2. Re:Global warming or global cooling by Mad+Quacker · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The question is: What can we do about it?
      The answer is: Unfortunately, not much.
      ...

      The earth is a chaotic system, and chaotic systems for the most part are unpredictable. A variation of a few hundredths of a degree in one place in the world can be responsible for a hurricane in another.


      First you say we are powerless over it because we have so little effect, and then you say a variation of a few hundreths of a degree can cause a hurricane. Of course it's so complex it also requires 'more study', and by the tone of you comments you seem to suggest that it will be impossible to predict nature.

      Which is it? People: don't mistake this for anything other than it is, a bad ostrich immitation and an excuse to continue current habits because it is profitable - to the body and to the wallet.

      --
      "I don't know that atheists should be considered citizens, nor should they be considered patriots." George HW Bush
    3. Re:Global warming or global cooling by Jerf · · Score: 3, Insightful

      We can be certain that if we continue on our current path, growing emissions of greenhouse gases, we will change the climate dramatically some time this century.

      The thing is, we can also be certain that even if every last human keels over dead, taking all technology with them, that the climate will change significantly over the next century.

      Already I've noticed a climate shift starting in my area (Michigan)... we're returning to the type of winters we had 30 or 40 years ago, which had a lot more snow and cold weather then the winters we saw in the 90's, which typically had one hell of a snow-storm... but only that one, with temperatures reaching into the 50s sometimes in mid-December.

      Human influence? Natural processes? The only answer is yes. Worth panicking over? I'm inclined to wait until something actually bad happens before panicking. (Note that "panicking" isn't isomorphic to "doing something"; I'm in favor of pre-emptive environmentalism, where on general principles we try to reduce our impact to the environment as much as possible. I don't see panicking as a valid reason to do anything, though.)

    4. Re:Global warming or global cooling by efflux · · Score: 2, Insightful
      I don't see panicking as a valid reason to do anything, though.

      The only thing I am panicking over is will we be able to get the US administration to give a shit about the environment. We have seen enough evidence to the contrary that I believe this to be sufficient reasoning for a *panic*.

      --
      Do I contradict myself? Very well, then I contradict myself, I am large, I contain multitudes. -- Walt Whitman
  2. Say what you will..... by Giant+Ape+Skeleton · · Score: 5, Funny

    I blame the sun!

    :-P

    --
    The difference between stupidity and genius is that genius has its limits.
  3. insert trendy anti-scientific comment here... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    since all storys about environmental degredation get plugged up with rediculously weakly argued and unsubstantiated anti-global warming comments modded +5, why not just waste your mod points here instead?

    1. Re:insert trendy anti-scientific comment here... by Oriumpor · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Now, the hypothosis of global warming has not been irrefutably proven and certain discrepencies have not been accounted for.

      For instance, A volcanic erruption can cause so much more so called "greenhouse" gasses to be released into the atmosphere than all the polutants man has expelled since the first machine of industry.

      Secondly, there are periodic climate changes throughout earth's history that have still yet to be explained. Also, the depletion of the green house gasses has not been proven to be solely the cause of the BAD human made CO/CO2 and not the GOOD naturally occuring CO2 (See eruptions)

      Since there is no explanation for the past trend nor the fact that looking even further back the entire planet had a higher median temperature. as is evident by the many hypothosis that the thunder lizards may have died due to an ice age... I don't really have to point out there weren't humans then to contribute to that natural disaster that caused a dramatic shift in the planet's climate.

      We need to continue to regulate our usage of all natural resources, since not doing so would be insane, but saying that greenhouses gasses are the sole influence that causes this affect. Believing so would discount all other evidence available. That humans contribute, is surely true. But how much, and is it even measurable compared to a massive volcanic eruption?

    2. Re:insert trendy anti-scientific comment here... by Yokaze · · Score: 2, Informative

      For your article from late 2001, I'll give you an article from the very same agency.

      Then, how about looking at the various timescales?
      Yes, earth has been warmer in the past, and over the 2-4billion years of its existance, there are longer periods warmer. Imagine the universe is only 3K warm. Great. What does that mean for our situation at hand?

      Now have a look at the very same link you provided, which is probably more of our concern, the time of human civilisation. As you can see,
      the climate has been actually colder in average (Hence the often cited "fear of the Ice Age" in the 70s). But not only that, judging from the previous curves, 2000 AD should be the peak of its curve.

      But, a time-scale which has ticks every 10 millenia is also a bit out of scale. Strangely enough, most people are more concerned about the next decades up to a century, not millenia.

      Have a look at the curve, which is probably more of our concern. Should that not be recent enough, here some more, including one from 2003.

      > But how much, and is it even measurable compared to a massive volcanic eruption?

      Let's start with the fact that vulcans contribute their CO2 regardless whether humans contribute or not. So anthrophogenic CO2 is added to their exhaust.

      Now to the data. According to these geologists, anthropogenic CO2 emissions are roughly 150 times the estimated emissions of volcanos.

      --
      "Between strong and weak, between rich and poor [...], it is freedom which oppresses and the law which sets free"
    3. Re:insert trendy anti-scientific comment here... by CryBaby · · Score: 5, Informative
      Now, the hypothosis of global warming has not been irrefutably proven and certain discrepencies have not been accounted for.
      What, in your view, constitutes irrefutable proof? Worldwide famine, skyrocketing cancer rates (oh wait, we already have that problem)? Waiting for "irrefutable proof", in this case, basically means waiting until it's too late. Also, I don't understand why the prospect of cleaner air, water and soil is so terrible that we need to put it off until the last possible moment - but that's just me and maybe I haven't listened to enough Rush Limbaugh.
      For instance, A volcanic erruption can cause so much more so called "greenhouse" gasses to be released into the atmosphere than all the polutants man has expelled since the first machine of industry.
      Not surprisingly, NASA disagrees with you and claims that, over the next 50 years, all naturally occurring greenhouse gasses combined (that includes volcanic eruptions) will account for a 0.5C temperature increase compared to a 1.0-2.0C increase if man-made emissions continue unchecked. This article provides more detail on the Mt. Pinatubo eruption (often cited by anti-environmentalists as proof that natural phenomena dwarf human activity in relation to global warming) and, like the NASA research, concludes that volcanic eruptions acually serve to *decrease* global warming.

      If any actual research backs up your claim in any way, please share it with the rest of us.

      Since there is no explanation for the past trend nor the fact that looking even further back the entire planet had a higher median temperature. as is evident by the many hypothosis that the thunder lizards may have died due to an ice age... I don't really have to point out there weren't humans then to contribute to that natural disaster that caused a dramatic shift in the planet's climate.
      What "dramatic shift" are you talking about? The dinosaur article mentions a temperature change of 10C over a period of 7 million years. That's a shift of a little over one millionth of a degree per year - not very dramatic if you ask me. Current climate research predicts the same amount of change over a period of several hundred to a few thousand years. Taking the more mild predictions, that means our climate is changing about 2000 times faster than the "dramatic shift" you refer to.

      Here is an article about a National Academy of Sciences' report provided at the request of the Bush administration. It states plainly that "Greenhouse gases are accumulating in the earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise."

      Here is a paper from the American Geophysical Union stating that "human activities are increasingly altering the Earth's climate... scientific evidence strongly indicates that natural influences cannot explain the rapid increase in global near-surface temperatures observed during the second half of the 20th century."

      Anyway, I could go on with pages of links from universities and scientific organizations who are increasingly making unqualified statements that, yes, the tons of pollution we pump into the air, water, and soil on a daily basis are having negative effects - including global warming. Most of the opposition to these views can be found on the websites of right-wing political think tanks, individual right wing politicians, and in "opinion" pieces with no links to actual scientific research.
  4. Contrails? by BigZaphod · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Perhaps the biggest source of the problem is contrails. The study they did in the near airplane-less skies after 9/11 seems to indicate that they have quite a massive impact on weather patterns.

  5. Re:Mod 'em high! by fmaxwell · · Score: 2, Flamebait

    there is no evidence yet for man-made global warming.

    Yes there is and stating otherwise won't change it any more and throwing a temper tantrum will. There is a tremendous amount of evidence of man-made global warming. Your political bias may make you unwilling to read the evidence, but man-made global warming is a fact accepted by the vast majority of respected scientists.

  6. Rush Limbaugh's take on this by Profane+MuthaFucka · · Score: 5, Funny

    Rush said that global warming was a communist plot of the liberal hegemony, backed by anti-NRA and pro-ACLU supporters, in an attempt to get a feminist abortion doctor elected to the presidency thereby preventing the birth of the Anti-christ, thwarting Jimmy Swaggart's and Jerry Falwell's predictions of the second coming of Christ and the fall of Israel.

    I think he's exagerrating.

    --
    Fascism trolls keeping me up every night. When I starts a preachin', he HITS ME WITH HIS REICH!
  7. Re:.... (sigh) by I_Love_Pocky! · · Score: 2, Flamebait

    Are we causing our demise by driving around? No. Factories killing us? No. Do those things contribute? Sure!

    So you admit that they contribute, but you don't think they are a problem? If you have enough "contributions" they eventually add up to some nasty effects.

    Now stop the panic and go do more research.

    Hey great idea! Maybe we can finish the research just in time to show conclusive evidence that we did indeed mess up our planet beyond repair. Or maybe we could just try to cut down on those "contributions" now, until we can convince you crack pots that we are a danger to our environment.

  8. Re:Not news by fmaxwell · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Maybe some more of those research dollars should be devoted to understanding why the warming is occuring and developing ways to cope with a warmer earth, rather than redundantly measuring the temperature via every possible method and then shouting: "GLOBAL WARMING!!!! GLOBAL WARMING!!!!"

    Similar in concept to women learning to cope with rape rather than shouting about it, right? Rather than trying to "cope" with global warming, why not try to exert some control over man-made atmospheric changes that have a strong likelihood of contributing to it? What's the worst thing that happens? We reduce pollution and it doesn't solve the global warming problem? That seems a lot more desirable than assuming that pollution is not the cause of global warming, in which case being wrong could mean an ecological disaster.

    Who the hell cares if we have to pay a few cents more for a banana or stack of CD-ROMs due to costs associated with reducing the emission of greenhouse gases (in manufacturing and/or transportation)? It beats the hell out of mass extinctions and ecological disaster.

  9. Re:Not news by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting
    "Rather than trying to "cope" with global warming, why not try to exert some control over man-made atmospheric changes that have a strong likelihood of contributing to it?"

    Because there is no evidence of man-made atmospheric changes contributing to anything. So what you end up with is 100% political efforts like Kyoto which requires that "bad" countries decrease CO2 emissions and requires that "good" countries increase them. If these efforts were in tune with the phony environmental theories instead of vengeance politics, you would think that they would demand that all countries decrease emmissions.

    "Who the hell cares if we have to pay a few cents more for a banana or stack of CD-ROMs due to costs associated with reducing the emission of greenhouse gases (in manufacturing and/or transportation)? It beats the hell out of mass extinctions and ecological disaster."

    I'd rather pay more for banana's and CDs to stop Martian invasion, Godzilla attacks, and hangnails. As long as you are paying to affect something that has nothing to do with anything....

  10. Re:The coming ice age: facts by squiggleslash · · Score: 4, Informative
    I'm squiggleslash, and I approve this message.

    Thaw in Greenland Threatens New Ice Age" (this one is kind of funny, it combines global warming with global cooling)

    Really. Does it now.

    Because you just said that a "new ice age fad" is starting, and you're claiming it has something to do with global cooling. And now you're refering to a story about a thaw in Greenland threatens a new ice age, and you're saying this is about global cooling. Whereas the story is actually only about Global Warming. "Global Cooling" isn't mentioned - probably because no serious scientist believes it exists.

    "Global cooling", in the sense of the temperature of the Earth lowering on average across the planet, is distinct from the idea of an "ice" age, at least in terms of the one you quoted. The Guardian is reporting, correctly, that one effect of a global shift in climate, even one that warms the Earth on average, can be that ice forms in areas where currently it doesn't. That's because warming can effect sea currents and other weather patterns, changing systems that usually bring warmth to areas of the planet that would normally freeze.

    Try, for example, comparing London with Moscow. Compare how far North either one is, then ask yourself why London is usually temperate and Moscow is usually covered in snow. A brief look at other areas of the world level with London will tell you that there's something wierd about the weather in Britain (I mean, other than the rain, five year hurricane-strength storm cycle, etc): it's far warmer than it should be. That's because there's a weather system that actively moves heat from the Gulf of Mexico up to the British Isles (and thereabouts.)

    Now, the evidence that global warming may cause Britain to turn into some icy wasteland isn't exactly scientific (not because it's impossible, but because right now they're trying to predict a chaotic system and simply assuming a change in the weather system will almost certainly have the worst result - nobody however really knows what the results will be), but it's being talked about as a possibility. It's a possibility because if you shove a huge amount of water into the ocean, it's not likely to act the same way as it did previously. The media, not the scientists, are raging about ice coming to currently unusually temperate parts of the world as some kind of inevitability. Do yourself a favour and don't pretend the rash harping of the media and the current scientific consensus are the same.

    # Here's one of the old ones The Cooling World (1975). The scientists quoted are from NOAA. True to the fad cycle, there are no NOAA scientists on the global warming bandwagon.

    Utterly meaningless. This was a fad, a real fad, that lasted a few months. No serious scientists hung their hat on it. Scientists investigated it, but the ultimate conclusion was that the phenomena was bunk, and the reverse was, if anything, more likely.

    The scientific community has been concerned about global warming since the mid eighties, if not earlier. They've been largely consistant. They've investigated trend after trend, and everything found has pointed in one direction.

    The latest evidence is right at the top of this article. You see the headline "New Satellite Data Confirms Global Warming"? It's because, well, basically, there's this satellite data, it's just come out, and, erm, it also shows the globe has warmed.

    The underlying concerns have a firm foundation. There's a lot of money being poured into discrediting it because, well, there's a lot of money to be lost if, say, we switch from oil to something more sane; because there are a lot of businesses that stand to see their costs skyrocket if their CO2 emissions are regulated; because there are ideologically swivel-eyed psuedo-libertarians who find it hard to comprehend that we might, as a group, need to do something. We rarely if ever see credible reports that GW isn't an issue. We regularly see well researched

    --
    You are not alone. This is not normal. None of this is normal.
  11. Don't forget the rest of the world by Spamalamadingdong · · Score: 4, Interesting
    The only thing I am panicking over is will we be able to get the US administration to give a shit about the environment.
    The rest of the world has ~20 times the population of the USA, and is trying to get what the USA has got. China is already using more coal every year than the USA (which burned about 22 quadrillion BTU worth in 2002) and has just passed Japan as the world's second-largest consumer of oil. It's not enough to give a shit about the environment; we have to make sure they give a shit too, or at least give a shit about what the industrialized world will do if they don't act like it.

    This means China needs to radically boost its efficiency (not hard even with current technology), Indonesia has to prevent the drainage and burning of peat bogs, and all that. If things there continue as they have been going, the USA could cut emissions to zero and still not make things better.

    This also means that the Kyoto system of quotas is fundamentally broken. It will not do to give each nation a quota; each emitter of CO2 and other climate-changing gases has to have an incentive to prevent those emissions, and the competitive advantage should go to those producers and nations which are doing it the best. This means something like a unified system of carbon taxes.

    1. Re:Don't forget the rest of the world by slittle · · Score: 3, Insightful
      the USA could cut emissions to zero and still not make things better
      If an economic powerhouse (heh) like the USA goes zero-emissions, it's likely the technology would be cheap enough for use in developing countries as well. Deals like Kyoto push the task of developing this technology onto wealthy countries that can afford it; without them such technology won't be developed until economics force it to be, by which time <tinfoil hat=on> you have large, poor, but nuclear armed countries fighting over resources they're heavily dependant on.
      --
      Opportunity knocks. Karma hunts you down.
    2. Re:Don't forget the rest of the world by Pentagram · · Score: 2, Informative

      China is already using more coal every year than the USA

      Handwaving. You have to look at total emissions:

      CO2 emissions per year (tons)

      China
      2,893,000,000 (2.3 / capita)
      USA
      5,410,000,000 (20.1 / capita)

      source: wikipedia

      To say that China needs to boost their efficiency rather than the US is ridiculous looking at those figures.

      It's not enough to give a shit about the environment; we have to make sure they give a shit too, or at least give a shit about what the industrialized world will do if they don't act like it.

      The rest of the world does give a shit about it. Most of the rest of the countries that matter have ratified Kyoto, which, whilst not perfect, will at least go some way towards controlling emissions. It is the US that is doing absolutely nothing.

    3. Re:Don't forget the rest of the world by sfjoe · · Score: 2, Funny

      To say that China needs to boost their efficiency rather than the US is Republican looking at those figures.

      You used the wrong word. I made the edit for you. You're welcome.

      --
      It's simple: I demand prosecution for torture.
  12. Order out of chaos by Spamalamadingdong · · Score: 4, Interesting
    Let me reverse the order of these two sentences to make my point:
    A variation of a few hundredths of a degree in one place in the world can be responsible for a hurricane in another.... The earth is a chaotic system, and chaotic systems for the most part are unpredictable.
    You confuse chaos with randomness. They are not the same; a chaotic system is contrained by a chaotic attractor, a multi-dimensional surface in the N-space of physically possible states on which the current state is found. You cannot predict whether it will rain or shine two weeks from today, but you can predict with very high reliability how much rain you'll get because we know the characteristics which are due to the attractor.

    Which brings me to my next point: if you change the characteristics of the attractor, the behavior of the system can change radicaly in a very sudden fashion. I fear that this is what we are doing with climate change, and we may suffer huge damages from the results.

  13. Re:.... (sigh) by DShard · · Score: 2, Informative

    Ice cores

    Any discussion of global warming as a climatic cycle needs to extend in a timespan of tens of thousands of years to look at a single cycle. The problem with the "global warming" as being a man-made effect is the localization of the time period were talking about. Most of the data being used to "prove" the theory are on the order of a decades and at best centuries. From a historical perspective we are in a regular warming trend that is situated inside of the end of an ice age. To this end it is highly likely that it will continue to get hotter regardless of human activity. This is factual based on data from hundreds of thousands of years. As the gp has said, while human efforts do have an effect on this pattern, to what degree is unknown. Anything contrary to this has to date has not modeled the climate to any appreciable margin of error. The problem lies in the complex interaction of a very large system. The simplifications assumed to actually compute projections cause unacceptable margins of error in a short future window.

  14. i knew that... by compro01 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    everyone know that global warming is going on. the only question being aruged over is "are we to blame?" and i say no.

    this is almost exactly like what happened to the climate 1000 years back. it got warm enough that Greenland was usable for farming. that just seems like to much similarity to be a coinsiance.

    but still, what is causing it??

    --
    upon the advice of my lawyer, i have no sig at this time
  15. Not so fast... by The+Quiet+Man · · Score: 2, Informative
    Read Roy Spencer's article about how and why Qiang and his team short-circuited the peer-review process to publish their results. From the article:
    "This kind of mistake would not get published with adequate peer review of manuscripts submitted for publication. But in recent years, a curious thing has happened. The popular science magazines, Science and Nature, have seemingly stopped sending John Christy and me papers whose conclusions differ from our satellite data analysis. This is in spite of the fact that we are (arguably) the most qualified people in the field to review them. This is the second time in nine months that these journals have let papers be published in the satellite temperature monitoring field that had easily identifiable errors in their methodology."

    Spencer and Christy published the original paper on microwave sounding and atmospheric temperatures.
  16. Ignorance or lies? by fmaxwell · · Score: 2, Informative

    Because there is no evidence of man-made atmospheric changes contributing to anything.

    Here is an article from the BBC News about a scientific study that gives strong evidence of man-made greenhouse gases contributing to global warming. So you can stop with your bullshit claims about there being "no evidence." That link proves that you are either ignorant or a liar.

    So what you end up with is 100% political efforts like Kyoto which requires that "bad" countries decrease CO2 emissions and requires that "good" countries increase them.

    More bullshit. The Kyoto treaty did not require any country to increase CO2 emissions. That's just complete and utter fabrication.

    I'd rather pay more for banana's and CDs to stop Martian invasion, Godzilla attacks, and hangnails. As long as you are paying to affect something that has nothing to do with anything....

    Since you've already proven yourself woefully ignorant about the entire subject, your opinion about the topic is worthless. Do us all a favor: Stay home on election day and study rather than going out to vote. We'll all be better off if you do.

  17. Mod parent down by Pentagram · · Score: 4, Informative

    For instance, A volcanic erruption can cause so much more so called "greenhouse" gasses to be released into the atmosphere than all the polutants man has expelled since the first machine of industry.

    That is, quite simply, crap. You're wrong and embarassingly so.

    "There is no doubt that volcanic eruptions add CO2 to the atmosphere, but compared to the quantity produced by human activities, their impact is virtually trivial: volcanic eruptions produce about 110 million tons of CO2 each year, whereas human activities contribute almost 10,000 times that quantity." - Scientific American

    Moderators, please don't mod up silly statements like these where sources aren't cited.

  18. Chaotic? Exactly! by Ying+Hu · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Chaos now has a relatively precise meaning in science - that very small, perhaps nearly invisible, initial conditions can produce, under some conditions, disproportionately large divergences in outcomes. But, if understood, this can make a system more, not less, predictable, for there are patterns to the kinds of changes that happen. The weather pattern over the earth is not well-understood, by any means, but we know at least two things - mankind is doing things that, theoretically, could produce a warmer earth, AND, the earth is getting warmer. Causality, or, more to the point, the importance of other factors affecting said causality, is not irrefutably established, but caution definitely would advise some courses of action over others. Those who say we don't understand so should do nothing are worse than B.F. Skinner, who in his time said, essentially, we don't understand the brain's workings, so we won't even try to investigate it. They have their heads in the sand, and are not doing any thinking worthy of the name. (And they may be pushing some sort of other agenda, and are hoping you are too stupid to think for yourself.) You don't light a fire in your house, and then notice the temperature rising, and claim "the proof isn't in yet, so I'll just keep burning!"