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Patients get Solar Implants in Eyes
Ben Sullivan writes "As reported at Science Blog, ophthalmologists have implanted Artificial Silicon Retina microchips in the eyes of five patients to treat vision loss caused by retinitis pigmentosa. The implant is a 2mm chip that contains about 5,000 microscopic solar cells that convert light into electrical impulses. Already some patients have experienced improvements such as not bumping into objects around the house, and being able to read the time on a clock."
Ophthalmologists at Rush University Medical Center implanted Artificial Silicon Retina (ASR) microchips in the eyes of five patients to treat vision loss caused by retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The implant is a silicon microchip 2mm in diameter and one-thousandth of an inch thick, less than the thickness of a human hair. Four patients had surgery Tuesday, January 25. The fifth patient is scheduled for a later date.
Rush principal investigator Dr. John Pollack performed the surgeries with Dr. Kirk Packo, Dr. Pauline Merrill, Dr. Mathew MacCumber, and Dr. Jack Cohen. All are members of Illinois Retina Associates, S.C., a private practice group and are on the Rush faculty. Patients leave the hospital the same day and will be followed for two years as part of the study, and then indefinitely.
The patients were recruited from a pool of about 5,000 applicants.
The implants are designed for people with retinal diseases such as macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa, which cause blindness and vision impairment in about 10 million Americans. More than one million of these people are legally blind.
"As is commonly seen in with retinitis pigmentosa, these patients all have severe narrowing of their visual fields down to a very small central circle, and all patients in the study are legally blind," says Pollack.
The Artificial Silicon RetinaTM (ASR) was invented by Dr. Alan Chow, pediatric ophthalmologist and Rush faculty member, who developed the chip and founded Optobionics, with his brother Vincent, vice president of engineering. Optobionics is located in Naperville, Illinois.
"This is an expansion of the study of the first 10 patients completed in 2002," says study investigator Dr. Kirk Packo, who oversees the three participating sites. The sites are Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Emory University School of Medicine/Atlanta VA Medical Center and Rush.
Pollack says the current protocol has been modified to reduce the likelihood of inadvertant scientific bias. "We operated on the right eye of each of the initial 10 patients. For the next 20 patients we will randomly select which eye will receive the ASR chip. In addition, post-operative vision testers will be masked as to which eye received the ASR chip implant. The current study is being performed at these study centers in order to independently validate previous studies performed by Optobionics."
The first 10 patients all reported some degree of improvement in visual function, says Pollack. "Improvement in visual function was variable and included the ability to read letters, improvement in color vision, and expansion of their visual field. Some patients gained new ability to recognize facial features -- something that they were unable to do before ASR chip implantation. Some patients have experienced improvement in activities of daily living such as improved ambulation-not bumping into objects around the house, and reading the time on a clock."
Still in Phase II clinical trials, Pollack cautions it is still too early to determine what percentage of patients might experience improvement in vision and what resolution capability these patients might eventually have. "Although we hope that all patients receiving the chip will experience some improvement in visual function, we can't say for sure how these patients will respond to this new treatment since this is still an experimental trial. If this study and future studies show safety and efficacy of the chip and it's approved by the FDA, it could be as soon as three to five years that this technology would be available to others."
Surgical Information
The ASR chip contains approximately 5,000 microscopic solar cells that convert light into electrical impulses. The purpose of the chip is to replace damaged photoreceptors, the "light-sensing" cells of the eye, which normally convert light into electrical signals within the retina. Loss of photoreceptor cells occurs in persons with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and other retinal diseases.
solar cells are more or less like light sensors apart from the sense that solar cells don't need power to operate while light sensors does (for amplification).
Correct me if I am wrong
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I work on RP. It CAN and DOES cause blindness. Its more of a group of diseases as opposed to one monolithic disease. From emedicine:
52% had 20/40 or better vision in at least one eye, 25% had 20/200 or worse vision, and 0.5% had no light perception
So, in conclusion, don't be a cock. Seriously, tell those people they aren't blind.
My wife has early onset RP and it does far more than affect night vision and peripheral vision - it ultimately causes all vision to be lost, from the outside in. In the past few months my wifes central vision in her right eye has started to fail dramatically.
Normally RP is diagnosed later on in life so the full effects of the disease are not normally experienced, however many suffer from childhood and it is those people that will benefit from this type of technology.
In tandem with this research there has also been progress made in retinal transplants using stem cell growth mediums to allow the cells to function normally.
Its nice to see some hope, particularly for my wife who has been told that she would be blind by the time she was ten. That was 23 years ago.
Humanoid robots might also have uses for these artificial silicon retina microchips.
Robots with a sense of vision could use them to acquire humanoid eyeballs.
Artificial General Intelligence is a lot closer than many people realize.
IF Stevie has RP, then he would be a candidate. RP is a loss of photoreceptors. This procedure bypasses photoreceptors, so it doesn't matter how long you've had the disease.
I doubt this is true. There's also a part of the brain that "shuts off" (sorry don't know the medical term). A friend of mine had misaligned eyes when I met him. When he was little he could see out of either one. Of course, using both at the same time resulted in double vision, so he had to use only one at a time. Eventually, he favored one and his brain shut the other one off. He migrated as a young adult to the USA with his family and had surgery to straighten his eyes. He will not regain vision in his "bad" eye, even though there's nothing physically wrong with it. The doctors told him that if he had surgery much earlier, he'd still have vision in both eyes.
bp
Heh, G'Kar was able to remove his eyeball and use it as a spy cam to watch what others were doing.
That russian girl was flown to the US for further testing - this was on nat-geo or discovery not long ago. This is all from memory so I may be wrong...
She had to specify the problems of 7 or 9 patients (can't remember exactly) - she did score quite high, but not high enough for it to be any more believable than educated guess work. Threw a bit of a tantrum when she found out she would not be able to view the bodies of the patients before making her decision.
She took far longer to make a diagnosis under test conditions than the the scratchy home video's from Russia.
She had been hanging around hospitals back home, so this is not at all suprising. All the evidence points toward her 'not' having any magical powers.
Discover magazine had an article about the first successful experimental implant of this type a couple years ago. The sensor was a narrow strip, tall and skinny. It provided the user with a dim, low-resolution strip of vision from one eye. This was enough to allow the user to much more effectively navigate with a cane.
This is basically the the cochlear implant for the eye.
The brain is dynamic enough to remap the signals into something coherent.
Yes Francis, the world has gone crazy.
Also, keep in mind that our natural eyes are actually pretty shitty cameras ( at least, from the standpoint of what we expect from a CCD ). It turns out our brains are interpolating an awful lot from the spotty signals coming in from our eyes.
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I've always thought that the best analogy for our eyes are two coaxial cameras. A very narrow beam, high resolution camera slightly off the centerline, surrounded by a wide-angle low resolution camera.
Rods, which predominate the wide-angle camera system, are like hyped B&W film... great night sensitivity, but grainy. Cones, which dominate the inner narrow-angle camera system give color vision, but require much higher light levels to operate.
--Rob
Nahh, the anti-recording laws have nothing on the Americans with Disabilities Act. For example, you can ban pets from your establishment...but not seeing-eye dogs / helper dogs. Any sort of restrictions of that kind don't apply to something someone needs to compensate for a disability. (Which is as it should be, IMHO.)
I would like to chip in on this conversation, as I have RP, as does my father, two of my sisters, and my grandmother (mother of my dad). This disease does indeed have early symptoms, primarily of impaired night vision. Since this has been in our family, we have known about it early and therefore we are very interested as such things as the electron possibility. But these tests have so far had limited results. There is also another solution which helps a little, and that is daily taking Vitamin A Palmitate, at a dosage level of 15,000 IU. Taking this fairly high dosage, the affects of RP have been known to have 20% less impact per year.
These solutions do not truly fix the problem, but hopefully over time a solution will be found. Retinitis Pigmentosa has serious effects, it is quite scary seeing your family members go blind, and knowing you will too.
"but money is the God of Algiers & Mahomet their prophet." - Rich. O'Bryen June 8th 1786
But, instead, she mis-diagnosed some of the more obvious problems, including the patient who had a missing section of skull covered by a metal plate. The fact that she got 4 out of 7 right can be laid down to luck and a little knowledge of medicine. The fact that she actually broke several of the agreed-upon rules during the study (talking to her teenage friend and an unknown person on the other end of a cell phone) doesn't help her case any.