Home Power Monitoring Hack

dvogt writes "You think your power bill is bad? I built a power monitoring system to monitor every circuit in my house with three second resolution for over a year. And while I had to rewire all my electrical to do it, I can now reconcile my electricity bill down to the penny... Of course when my wife figured out most of the bill was because of my computer gear I had to build her a dome, so reader beware!" From the article: "About a year ago I developed a web based power monitoring application for data centers. The application was designed to monitor thousands of individual branch circuits using current transducers at the breaker panels. Among other things, the data logging requirements were to provide one year of min/max/mean measurement data with one minute resolution per circuit. Since I had all the hardware for testing, I figured what better way to test things than to install it in my own home."

Comments

Another way to do it: read the meter

[seanadams.com]

If you want to monitor the whole house (as opposed to individual circuits) you can do it for less than $20 in parts plus a Linux machine. I made a system to do this a couple years ago - unfortunately I never hooked it up again after I moved, but it worked just fine.

If you're lucky enough to have the kind of electric meter with a blinking LED on it, you could do this much more simply. Also if I had to do this again I would ditch the op-amp circuit and feed the signal from the photo-resistor straight into the sound card and then do the filtering in software (if the photo-resistor is exposed to sunlight it can be a little tricky to tune using this circuit - software could be smarter).

Automatic Marriage Conflict Device

[DanielMarkham]

This doesn't seem like much of a practical thing to me. After all, most marriages have difficutly when it comes to spending money -- do you really want minute-by-minute graphs of who uses what in the house? After all, the writer admitted that at the end of this whole adventure he managed to show that his computers were using more electricity than his wife's stuff. FTA

Keep in mind that when it comes to friends and family, 'informative' is a relative term. Although you might find it very 'informative' to know that your wife left the lights on in the living room three out of four nights last week, she will probably not think so. I've found it better to save my geek points for things like "honey, don't you think we should have a raid server?"

I don't find any of that informative. Or rather, I find it detailed information about something that is trivial. Even if you have very tight budget, do you really want to argue about who leaves the lights on the most? What's next, sensors to monitor where people are at all times, and correlate electricity usage? No. Count me out on this one. But I got to admit -- the software looks cool!

NASA: Beats us

power monitoring

[unix_geek_512]

Geeks unite!

Why not take this further? Instead of just monitoring let's modify the system so that we can turn circuits on and off remotely as well as being able to monitor usage. In fact why not wire the whole house so that the lights turn off automatically if there is no one in the room unless the system is manually overridden?

We all need to think about energy conservation and energy security which is a big part of our national security.

I would encourage everyone here to build a system with occupancy sensors so that lights, appliances and devices are not left on unnecessarily.

The occupancy sensor module could include PIR sensors, temperature/humidity sensors, smoke detector, CO detector, intrusion detector and perhaps a CCD camera all linked to a GNU/Linux system capable of controlling energy usage as well as calling the Police or Fire Dept. in case of an emergency.

Live long and prosper

1 minute resolution is not enough

[zippthorne]

In fact he must sample at greater than 120hz* to get meaningful results. He has neglected the possibility that voltage and current can and will be out of phase for each of the loads in his house. Without determining the phase difference, there is no way to accurately deterimne the average power over any interval.

There are quite a few meters that measure RMS voltage and RMS current, (though most of the cheap ones actually measure peak values and multiply by .707), there are fewer still that accurately resolve power factor

This is a common mistake to make for first year EE students and "over-unity" power converter proponants.

As I understand it, the Kill-A-Watt, http://www.professionalequipment.com/xq/ASP/Produc tID.3375/id.5/subID.57/qx/default.htm makes a pretty good approximation. In fact, it even does the integration for you. You could pepper every outlet with these things or just move them around as needed.

*I know you need 2f according to nyquist to resolve the frequency, but I'm not sure what you need to gather the phase information**

** There are other ways to obtain the phase information involving bridge circuits and such, It does not appear that the boards in question provide that information.

Re:1 minute resolution is not enough

[dan42]

I believe the 1 minute resolution was for the reported data and not the actual analog sampling rate. The 1 minute data may (should) be the RMS of the all the samples collected during that minute.
His device seems to be a prototype version of the Veris H663. The released version of the device apparently samples at 1280Hz and reports data every second.
The "phase information" you mention is good to have, but only if the power is at just one frequency. The fact is that computers (as with most devices running of a switching power supply) draw current as a short pulse during the peaks of the input voltage waveform (with no phase angle between voltage and current at the fundamental frequency). Often the 60Hz component (or whatever the fundamental frequency) makes up only half the RMS current. And since these harmonics are only dominant in the current and not the voltage waveform, the real power consumed by a computer will typically be ~50% x RMScurrent x RMSvoltage (even though the phase angle is zero).

Re:Does your home still meet safety codes?

[runner_one]

PERMITS? We don't need no STINKING PERMITS
SCREW THE CODES AND ANAL-RETENTIVE CODES INSPECTORS!
It's my house and my property I will do WHATEVER I want with it!
In fact I Do! I have added on about 40% to the size of my house since I moved in about 16 years ago. I have done much indoor and outdoor wiring as well as plumbing. Installed a pool and Solar heater, as well as miscellaneous outbuildings. ALL without one single permit or inspection. Granted I live in Tennessee where freedom is still more than ancient history to us. The local government tends to take a "If you are not bothering anyone we won't bother you." attitude in most circumstances except on drugs. In addition to the fact that the area I live in there is NO zoning of any kind. A couple of years ago an investor started to put in a dirt racing track near the county line and a few adjoining farmers and residents started raising holy hell about the noise and traffic it would cause. They went to the local county board and said "Can't you do anything to stop him?" Their answer was " Yes we can adopt a county-wide zoning plan, but then every time you want to build something it would have to go through the zoning board." That Idea was dropped like a hot potato and the race track went in. County-wide zoning will not happen anytime soon in this area.