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Tools for Automated Grading?
Dont tempt me asks: "As all teachers and students are well aware, it is back to school time. As a math/computer teacher, I am constantly looking for ways to automate repetitive tasks. The one that seems to take up most of my time is grading. As is typical for us nerds, I find myself looking at handwritten tests and thinking 'there's gotta be a better way...' Since I can't find any related open-source projects, I have been thinking about creating one. I have been toying with the idea of using OMR (Optical Mark Recognition) to make my own scannable multiple choice tests. Is anyone doing this? If not, where would be a good place to start? In addition to teachers, this could be a useful technology for questionnaires, or other processes that require manual data entry."
I taught astronomy at KU as a discussion section leader in 1991. We used scantron machines. These were #2 pencil IBM-card (~3 inches wide by ~8 inches tall) sized.
The machines could NOT have been expensive. Using them was dead simple. We (the section leaders) wrote several tests, and rearranged each test to have different orderings for the choices. Thus, on test version A-1, I had answers (a) Sun, (b) Moon, (c) Earth, then on A-2 I had (a) Moon, (b) Sun, (c) Earth, etc. Then, we looked at their version of the test, and put in the right key.
This kept cheating to a minimum; at the least they had to memorize the answers instead of the answer key. And, memorizing the answers was kind of okay in a sense since they at least paid attention to the subject material.
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Hi, I'm a CS student and always looking for ways to automate repetitive tasks. Is there any project out there that can do my work for me so that I don't have to?
Erik http://yakko.cs.wmich.edu/~rattles
I had a teacher in high school who graded OMR like sheets manually with an overlay that only had the holes cut for the correct answers.
Several times if I didn't know the answer I would mark more than one (you don't want to mark all of them, it stands out too much) and I always got credit.
The teacher seemed like a smart guy too, I wonder if he was doing it intentionally to see if people would figure it out.
Search first, ask questions later.
Assessment should be about the students knowing the material. Stuff like showing your work goes a long way. Math is the easiest to automate, but that would only show you that the student got the correct answer, not where the answer came from (like from a friend!).
To lower you work load, flip a coin on whether the students will hand in the work. If they aren't handing it in, trade with another student and grade it in class. Scantron only sends the message to your students that you are too lazy to look at their work, so why should they put any effort into it.
What, me worry?
I've always had a strong dislike for multiple choice and true/false testing. Taking those tests is often more of an exercise in test taking than it is in the subject matter. A good test taker can eliminate a good portion of the answers right away and use fairly intuitive psychology to improve the odds of guessing correctly.
What ever happened to demonstrating competence in a field? Forget multiple choice and true/false. Ask your students to actually solve applied math problems or actually write some code (or pseudo code). Maybe you can't do as much testing that way and maybe you can't shorten the time it takes to grade the papers but at least you will be testing something worthwhile.
Sorry for the rant but after having survived more than a decade of "education" that consisted primarily of memorize foo and the regurgitate, I'm fairly traumatized by the horror that is the educational system. I learned orders of magnitude more useful information by simply reading everything and anything and trying to apply what I learned to my pet projects. I took one too many tests where I knew several multiple choice answers where justifiable and "right" depending upon unspecified information not contained in the question and having to guess what the test author thought the correct answer was. Multiple choice, true/false, and automated testing are big indicators of a "fast food" mentality and I'm firmly against that sort of foolishness. Grumble, grumble, etc.
Back when I was in school, 15 years ago, my teachers were onto such tricks. It isn't hard to look at scores are you write them into your book. The teacher already knows 'Suzie' is smart, often getting a perfect score, so if he[1] misses most of the questions it is time to re-examine things by hand.
The most popular way to cheat was to mark the little box at the top that set this sheet to the master, which would re-program the machine to take your test as the correct answers.
None of these tricks were hard for a teacher to catch (if you knew about them it was easier, and the principal made sure they knew). Once you catch a student doing this you just write zero in for his score and re-run the tests.
[1]we miss you Johnny Cash
Not really a technological answer to what you were looking for, but I think it's worth mentioning. You say that you spend most of your time grading. I don't know how many students you teach, but I'm wondering if it's just a matter of you giving too much busywork to your students that you in turn have to grade. In my high school calculus class, my teacher assigned homework but he never graded it. At the beginning of every class, he make a quick pass around to see who had done it, and mark you off if you hadn't. He would then pass out an answer key for the assignment and go over any questions people had. His policy on homework was that it helps some people, and is just a pain in the butt for others. So the deal was that if your semester average was over 90%, there was no penealty for not doing homework. If your average was between 80 and 90, then you lost 0.5% for each homework not done, and so forth. As such, the only thing he graded for our class were the exams he gave every 3-4 weeks. So I'm just saying that perhaps the answer isn't to find faster ways to grade, but eliminating some of the pointless grunt work for you and for your students.
I'm a highschool math / science teacher and for a while I've been playing around with moodle (http://moodle.org/). Though it may take a little to setup (PHP and MySQL are needed), it is a good system. Just make sure you have the power to use it.
All in all, it will allow you to make quizzes and lessons online that students can access. Questions can be auto sorted and even short answer questions with different possible answers. Its a beautiful system with the only flaw of facilitating a computer for each student to use. (I'm in an independant school so our kids have laptops at the ready, something we don't all have.)
The only other geek-oriented possiblity would be using scantrons or small LCD based devices, but from what I've seen nothing fits the bill. Possibly the best action might be changing how you grade and what work your students do (ie projects instead of tests and the similar). It works with a little imagination and there's alot less grading!