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Linux Commands, Editors, & Shell Programming
norburym writes "Mark G. Sobell is well known for several comprehensive and well-written volumes: A Practical Guide to Solaris; A Practical Guide to Red Hat Linux: Fedora Core and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (2nd ed.); and A Practical Guide to the Unix System (3rd ed.). It seems only natural for the author to follow these exceptional examples with yet another excellent book entitled A Practical Guide to Linux Commands, Editors, and Shell Programming . Read on for Norburyms' review.
A Practical Guide to Linux Commands, Editors, and Shell Programming
author
Mark G. Sobell
pages
1008
publisher
Prentice Hall PTR
rating
9
reviewer
Mary Norbury-Glaser
ISBN
0131478230
summary
Linux Commands, Editors, & Shell Programming
While the author has covered some aspects of this material in A Practical Guide to Red Hat Linux: Fedora Core and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, there is more than enough here (in-depth coverage of the vim and emacs editors; tcsh; sed and gawk; and the command reference section that comprises Part V) to make this a new and exhaustive volume that should take top dog in anyone's Linux library.
Sobell splits the book into six parts with Chapter 1 acting as a preface to the rest of the book. It gives a history and an overview of Linux and discusses distinctive aspects of the operating system that make it different from others. We've all heard and read the arguments before: Linux is superior to Windows, TCO is lower with Linux, Linux is not proprietary, etc. but Sobell avoids this display of arrogance and superiority by treating the origins and features of Linux as an evolution of best practices and common sense. As such, we're not left with a suspicion that the author has blinders on. To the contrary, the reader can proceed with an open mind to learning the intricacies of Linux and the command line.
Part I isn't geared for experienced users of Unix or Linux but it does serve as a good skimming point for those sysadmins who may need to brush up. For the beginner or the novice, however, these four chapters give a compact and succinct introduction to using Linux and set the stage for the sections to follow. Chapter 2 begins with logging in from a Terminal, including emulation, ssh and telnet. The author explains how to tell which shell the user is running; how to work with the shell; and how to use help, man and info. Chapter 3 is a catalog of basic utilities with all the usual suspects: ls, cat, rm, cp, mv, grep, hostname, head, tail, sort, echo, date, etc.; compressing and archiving tools: bzip2, bunzip2, gzip, tar; locating commands: which, whereis, apropos, slocate; commands used to get user and system information: who, finger, w; and commands used for communication: write, mesg. Sobell gives each utility a brief but thorough description of its function, appropriate syntax and practical uses. Chapter 4 is a complete treatment of the Linux hierarchical filesystem: directory and ordinary files; absolute and relative pathnames; how to work with directories; hard and symbolic links; and access permissions. Chapter 5 is where the reader gets a closer look at the shell. Sobell covers command line syntax (command name, arguments and options), processing and executing the command line, standard input and output (including pipes and a really nice explanation of device files), redirecting standard input and output, running a program in the background and aborting it using kill, generating filenames and expanding pathnames using wildcards/special characters, and utilities built into the shell like echo (and how to list bash and tcsh builtins).
Part I is a comfortable read. It moves along quickly and with quite a bit of information but not so much to overwhelm. By the conclusion of Chapter 5, the beginner or novice can feel pretty competent with the CLI.
Part II is dedicated to the vim editor and the emacs editor, both enjoying a chapter to themselves. Sobell happily avoids adding fuel to the already flaming fire of which editor is "the best." Chapter 6, "The vim Editor," and Chapter 7, "The emacs Editor," both use a tutorial approach to demonstrate the use of each text editor. The author includes a brief history of the development of the editor before giving a fairly complete lesson on creating and editing files within that particular editor. Some highlights of Chapter 6 include: vi clones; details of vim commands like join, yank and put; and advanced editing techniques like using markers and creating macros. Chapter 7 features: an explanation of emacs key notation and key sequences; incremental and nonincremental searches; advanced editing techniques like using the buffer to undo changes; using Mark and establishing a Region; yanking killed text; and manipulating windows (splitting and adjusting, for example).
Learning at least one editor to a level of competency is an absolute must. Sobell provides excellent instruction on both vim and emacs and along with the tutorials and the exercises at the conclusion of each chapter the reader will be sufficiently proficient in both to choose a favorite.
Part III, "The Shells," discusses the Bourne Again Shell (bash) and the TC (tcsh) shell with careful detail to each interpreter/language. The author stresses that bash, rather than tcsh, should be the shell of choice for programming and this is reflected in the instruction set forth in each of these two chapters.
Chapter 8 concentrates on bash: shell basics (startup files, redirecting standard error, simple shell scripts, separating and grouping commands, job control, directory stacks); parameters and variables (shell and user-created variables, variable attributes, keyword variables, special characters); processes (structure, identification); history mechanisms (reexecuting and editing commands, referencing events using !, use of the Readline Library); using aliases; shell functions; controlling bash features and options (using command line options and the set and shopt builtins); and a description of how bash processes the command line (command line expansion).
The TC Shell (tcsh) gets equal attention in Chapter 9. The author aims to show how tcsh differs from bash while providing a broad overview of the shell: shell scripts; entering and leaving tcsh; tcsh startup files; features common to bash and tcsh (and how tcsh implements them in a different manner) including command line expansion (tcsh calls it "substitution"), history, aliases, job control, filename and command substitution, and directory stack manipulation; redirecting standard error using >&; command line (word completion, command line editing, spell correction); variables (substitution, string variables, arrays, numeric variables, using braces, shell variables); control structures (if and goto, interrupt handling using onintr, if...then...else, foreach, while, break and continue, switch); and tcsh builtins.
Part IV, "Programming Tools," is the logical progression from the previous discussions of editors and shell basics. Sobell splits this part over four topics: programming tools, programming bash, gawk and sed.
The focus of Chapter 10 is programming tools. In particular, attention is given to writing and compiling C programs. Sobell shows how to check for your GNU gcc compiler and then gives a C programming example with a simple C program that converts tabs to spaces while maintaining columns. He takes this a step further by compiling his example C program to create an executable file. He also addresses shared libraries, fixing broken binaries, using GNU make to resolve dependencies, debugging techniques, threads, and system calls for filesystem operations and for processes control. I especially like the inclusion of the make utility. Sobell provides a nice graph that shows dependency relationships and uses an example makefile to illustrate dependency lines and construction commands. The rest of the chapter deals with source code management and using the CVS (concurrent versions system) utility and TkCVS (a Tcl/Tk-based GUI to CVS).
The next chapter is a return to bash with more detail to shell programming. The author uses this section to cover control flow contructs (if...then, if...then...else, etc.); file descriptors; more detail on parameters and variables (array variables, locality of variables, special parameters like $$ and $?, positional parameters like $#, $0 and $1-$n); expanding null and unset variables; bash builtin commands (type, read, exec, kill, etc.); and expressions (including a table of bash operators). The chapter concludes with the creation of two example shell programs: a recursive shell script that illustrates recursive operations and a "quiz" shell script which presents questions with multiple choice answers. The author walks through both of these step-by-step and points out potential pitfalls as he creates and executes a working design. Sobell should be congratulated for putting together a well-balanced and complete chapter. The exercises are thoughtfully constructed.
The Gnu awk (gawk) utility and the sed (stream editor) utility complete the final two chapters of the book. Both chapters include syntax, arguments, options and a fair number of examples.
Part V is the command reference section and this constitutes a volume in itself. This is, essentially, a printed version of man pages of utilities and shell builtins. Sobell gives us a bonus above Linux man pages, though: he includes extremely useful and pithy examples with each entry along with interesting discussion and notes sections. I would love to see the "Command Reference" as an electronic, searchable version! Perhaps as a CD included with the book in future, instead of in print.
The Appendixes make up Part VI. Regular expressions used by gawk, sed, vim, emacs, etc. are described in Appendix A. Help options, including Web sites for documentation on Linux systems (GNOME, GNU, KDE, etc.), Linux newsgroups and mailing lists, software packages (CVS, Freshmeat, Sourceforge, Tucows-Linux, etc.), Office suites (AbiWord, KOffice, OpenOffice, etc.), and how to specify a Terminal make up Appendix B. The last appendix shouldn't be ignored or overlooked: Keeping the System Up-To-Date. This section describes yum, Apt and BitTorrent. Kudos to the author for reminding readers to maintain their systems and providing good instructions on how to do so.
A Glossary of terms and the Index conclude the book.
The layout of the book is well designed: the typography is comfortable to read and, although physically hefty, the dimensions of the book give the reader a nicely balanced paperback. Nothing fancy but excellent quality and eminently readable with delineated examples and good font choices.
Every chapter begins with a brief introduction and ends with a chapter summary, exercises, and advanced exercises where appropriate. The exercises are a highlight of the book: Sobell has obviously given these a lot of thought and they are exemplary of the chapter topics that they reference. Answers to even numbered problems can be found at the author's Web site.
Overall, it's hard to find anything to complain about here that wouldn't sound inconsequential and trifling. No mistake, this is a big book: Part V alone (command reference) is a volume in itself. But I can't see anything extraneous or non-essential here. The author combines all the important features and tools together with the appropriate and necessary references.
Sobell has compiled an extensive volume that both newcomers to Linux and experienced users will find extremely useful. Once in hand, A Practical Guide to Linux Commands, Editors, and Shell Programming becomes not only a complete tutorial but also an invaluable resource that will be referenced time and again. This is as close to a textbook as you can get without being tormented by dry sterile language; Mark G. Sobell clearly has a command of his subject and he exudes a passion that infuses his writing and clearly elevates this book above any mere manual. This will become a standard and as such, a "must have" for anyone serious about learning command line scripting.
You can purchase A Practical Guide to Linux Commands, Editors, and Shell Programming from bn.com. Slashdot welcomes readers' book reviews -- to see your own review here, read the book review guidelines, then visit the submission page.
While the author has covered some aspects of this material in A Practical Guide to Red Hat Linux: Fedora Core and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, there is more than enough here (in-depth coverage of the vim and emacs editors; tcsh; sed and gawk; and the command reference section that comprises Part V) to make this a new and exhaustive volume that should take top dog in anyone's Linux library.
Sobell splits the book into six parts with Chapter 1 acting as a preface to the rest of the book. It gives a history and an overview of Linux and discusses distinctive aspects of the operating system that make it different from others. We've all heard and read the arguments before: Linux is superior to Windows, TCO is lower with Linux, Linux is not proprietary, etc. but Sobell avoids this display of arrogance and superiority by treating the origins and features of Linux as an evolution of best practices and common sense. As such, we're not left with a suspicion that the author has blinders on. To the contrary, the reader can proceed with an open mind to learning the intricacies of Linux and the command line.
Part I isn't geared for experienced users of Unix or Linux but it does serve as a good skimming point for those sysadmins who may need to brush up. For the beginner or the novice, however, these four chapters give a compact and succinct introduction to using Linux and set the stage for the sections to follow. Chapter 2 begins with logging in from a Terminal, including emulation, ssh and telnet. The author explains how to tell which shell the user is running; how to work with the shell; and how to use help, man and info. Chapter 3 is a catalog of basic utilities with all the usual suspects: ls, cat, rm, cp, mv, grep, hostname, head, tail, sort, echo, date, etc.; compressing and archiving tools: bzip2, bunzip2, gzip, tar; locating commands: which, whereis, apropos, slocate; commands used to get user and system information: who, finger, w; and commands used for communication: write, mesg. Sobell gives each utility a brief but thorough description of its function, appropriate syntax and practical uses. Chapter 4 is a complete treatment of the Linux hierarchical filesystem: directory and ordinary files; absolute and relative pathnames; how to work with directories; hard and symbolic links; and access permissions. Chapter 5 is where the reader gets a closer look at the shell. Sobell covers command line syntax (command name, arguments and options), processing and executing the command line, standard input and output (including pipes and a really nice explanation of device files), redirecting standard input and output, running a program in the background and aborting it using kill, generating filenames and expanding pathnames using wildcards/special characters, and utilities built into the shell like echo (and how to list bash and tcsh builtins).
Part I is a comfortable read. It moves along quickly and with quite a bit of information but not so much to overwhelm. By the conclusion of Chapter 5, the beginner or novice can feel pretty competent with the CLI.
Part II is dedicated to the vim editor and the emacs editor, both enjoying a chapter to themselves. Sobell happily avoids adding fuel to the already flaming fire of which editor is "the best." Chapter 6, "The vim Editor," and Chapter 7, "The emacs Editor," both use a tutorial approach to demonstrate the use of each text editor. The author includes a brief history of the development of the editor before giving a fairly complete lesson on creating and editing files within that particular editor. Some highlights of Chapter 6 include: vi clones; details of vim commands like join, yank and put; and advanced editing techniques like using markers and creating macros. Chapter 7 features: an explanation of emacs key notation and key sequences; incremental and nonincremental searches; advanced editing techniques like using the buffer to undo changes; using Mark and establishing a Region; yanking killed text; and manipulating windows (splitting and adjusting, for example).
Learning at least one editor to a level of competency is an absolute must. Sobell provides excellent instruction on both vim and emacs and along with the tutorials and the exercises at the conclusion of each chapter the reader will be sufficiently proficient in both to choose a favorite.
Part III, "The Shells," discusses the Bourne Again Shell (bash) and the TC (tcsh) shell with careful detail to each interpreter/language. The author stresses that bash, rather than tcsh, should be the shell of choice for programming and this is reflected in the instruction set forth in each of these two chapters.
Chapter 8 concentrates on bash: shell basics (startup files, redirecting standard error, simple shell scripts, separating and grouping commands, job control, directory stacks); parameters and variables (shell and user-created variables, variable attributes, keyword variables, special characters); processes (structure, identification); history mechanisms (reexecuting and editing commands, referencing events using !, use of the Readline Library); using aliases; shell functions; controlling bash features and options (using command line options and the set and shopt builtins); and a description of how bash processes the command line (command line expansion).
The TC Shell (tcsh) gets equal attention in Chapter 9. The author aims to show how tcsh differs from bash while providing a broad overview of the shell: shell scripts; entering and leaving tcsh; tcsh startup files; features common to bash and tcsh (and how tcsh implements them in a different manner) including command line expansion (tcsh calls it "substitution"), history, aliases, job control, filename and command substitution, and directory stack manipulation; redirecting standard error using >&; command line (word completion, command line editing, spell correction); variables (substitution, string variables, arrays, numeric variables, using braces, shell variables); control structures (if and goto, interrupt handling using onintr, if...then...else, foreach, while, break and continue, switch); and tcsh builtins.
Part IV, "Programming Tools," is the logical progression from the previous discussions of editors and shell basics. Sobell splits this part over four topics: programming tools, programming bash, gawk and sed.
The focus of Chapter 10 is programming tools. In particular, attention is given to writing and compiling C programs. Sobell shows how to check for your GNU gcc compiler and then gives a C programming example with a simple C program that converts tabs to spaces while maintaining columns. He takes this a step further by compiling his example C program to create an executable file. He also addresses shared libraries, fixing broken binaries, using GNU make to resolve dependencies, debugging techniques, threads, and system calls for filesystem operations and for processes control. I especially like the inclusion of the make utility. Sobell provides a nice graph that shows dependency relationships and uses an example makefile to illustrate dependency lines and construction commands. The rest of the chapter deals with source code management and using the CVS (concurrent versions system) utility and TkCVS (a Tcl/Tk-based GUI to CVS).
The next chapter is a return to bash with more detail to shell programming. The author uses this section to cover control flow contructs (if...then, if...then...else, etc.); file descriptors; more detail on parameters and variables (array variables, locality of variables, special parameters like $$ and $?, positional parameters like $#, $0 and $1-$n); expanding null and unset variables; bash builtin commands (type, read, exec, kill, etc.); and expressions (including a table of bash operators). The chapter concludes with the creation of two example shell programs: a recursive shell script that illustrates recursive operations and a "quiz" shell script which presents questions with multiple choice answers. The author walks through both of these step-by-step and points out potential pitfalls as he creates and executes a working design. Sobell should be congratulated for putting together a well-balanced and complete chapter. The exercises are thoughtfully constructed.
The Gnu awk (gawk) utility and the sed (stream editor) utility complete the final two chapters of the book. Both chapters include syntax, arguments, options and a fair number of examples.
Part V is the command reference section and this constitutes a volume in itself. This is, essentially, a printed version of man pages of utilities and shell builtins. Sobell gives us a bonus above Linux man pages, though: he includes extremely useful and pithy examples with each entry along with interesting discussion and notes sections. I would love to see the "Command Reference" as an electronic, searchable version! Perhaps as a CD included with the book in future, instead of in print.
The Appendixes make up Part VI. Regular expressions used by gawk, sed, vim, emacs, etc. are described in Appendix A. Help options, including Web sites for documentation on Linux systems (GNOME, GNU, KDE, etc.), Linux newsgroups and mailing lists, software packages (CVS, Freshmeat, Sourceforge, Tucows-Linux, etc.), Office suites (AbiWord, KOffice, OpenOffice, etc.), and how to specify a Terminal make up Appendix B. The last appendix shouldn't be ignored or overlooked: Keeping the System Up-To-Date. This section describes yum, Apt and BitTorrent. Kudos to the author for reminding readers to maintain their systems and providing good instructions on how to do so.
A Glossary of terms and the Index conclude the book.
The layout of the book is well designed: the typography is comfortable to read and, although physically hefty, the dimensions of the book give the reader a nicely balanced paperback. Nothing fancy but excellent quality and eminently readable with delineated examples and good font choices.
Every chapter begins with a brief introduction and ends with a chapter summary, exercises, and advanced exercises where appropriate. The exercises are a highlight of the book: Sobell has obviously given these a lot of thought and they are exemplary of the chapter topics that they reference. Answers to even numbered problems can be found at the author's Web site.
Overall, it's hard to find anything to complain about here that wouldn't sound inconsequential and trifling. No mistake, this is a big book: Part V alone (command reference) is a volume in itself. But I can't see anything extraneous or non-essential here. The author combines all the important features and tools together with the appropriate and necessary references.
Sobell has compiled an extensive volume that both newcomers to Linux and experienced users will find extremely useful. Once in hand, A Practical Guide to Linux Commands, Editors, and Shell Programming becomes not only a complete tutorial but also an invaluable resource that will be referenced time and again. This is as close to a textbook as you can get without being tormented by dry sterile language; Mark G. Sobell clearly has a command of his subject and he exudes a passion that infuses his writing and clearly elevates this book above any mere manual. This will become a standard and as such, a "must have" for anyone serious about learning command line scripting.
You can purchase A Practical Guide to Linux Commands, Editors, and Shell Programming from bn.com. Slashdot welcomes readers' book reviews -- to see your own review here, read the book review guidelines, then visit the submission page.
What about us people who don't know what commands do what? Man pages are fairly useless if you don't know which command to ask for.
/usr/bin, it can be remarkably educational. I admit that's trickier on a lot of modern Linux systems that have so many programs in there, but you can skip over a lot of them (all the obvious KDE and GNOME apps) and only worry about the weird obscure looking ones you don't recognise. A lot of the time you'll do man [obscure command] read the summary at the top and go "Huh, didn't realise there was something to do that" and not worry about it. The point is that one day you'll be sitting there trying to figure out how to do something and remember "I read a man page for something that could do that..." a quick skim through ls /usr/bin and (usually after at most 2 or 3 missed guesses) you can pull up the manpage for what you want. Sometimes knowing that there is something that can do [obscure task] is the most important part. Other than that, reading the man page through for some of the more common commands that have a vast array of switches (ls, grep, cut, sort, etc.) can make you realise that some of those can do things you really wouldn't have expected them to be able to , and suggest cunning new ways to use them is tasks where you might not thought they would apply.
/usr/bin actually do.
Heh. Never underestimate the value of spending a day working through man pages for every program in
Just knowing what's available and all the various things that can be done with the tools is a very valuable lesson, and worth a little time investment. It takes less time than you might think to skim through and at least become acquainted with what all the various obscure programs in
Jedidiah.
Craft Beer Programming T-shirts
A very good point. Also, by reading through the common util's man pages, in addition to knowing there's a tool to do a certain task (which you might forget, or not even understand at the time), you start to get a "big picture" understanding of unix. You learn how to look at a new task and break it down in to categories: "this part is very general and there must be a tool to do it", "this part is specific to my task but could be done using general tools", and "ok, i'm going to have to write some code here". Being able to properly break down a task and use the available tools to your advantage is truely the difference between a hacker and a hack, in my humble opinion.
-Lod
I actually purchased this book a couple months ago shortly after I finally made the fateful jump to Linux (Ubuntu) from Windows.
The problem with the man pages is that I had seriously no idea how powerful the terminal could be. I had never seen file redirection, pipes and had only used a very small subset of common utilities previously. Obviously, I doubt if I ever would have found information on these things that I had no idea existed in the first place.
I learned a helluva lot from this book (and quickly) but one of the great things about this book is that it encourages the reader to go further than the book itself. The end of chapter exercises ("Advanced Exercises") often incorporate solutions that the chapter didn't explicitly cover...but by using google, man pages and "--help", nothing was impossible. Also, the broad range of Linux issues covered (scripting, vim, cvs, sed, etc...) was impressive to me and helpful in understanding a lot of the things that seemed rather mysterious about the Linux way-of-doing-things at the time.
For the first time I feel like a real "power-user" and I have to thank this book for a lot of that. I'm writing and modifying bash functions and shell scripts virtually every day and having a lot of fun with it. The book is not as useful or all that relevant to self-proclaimed "Terminal hackers" as much as it is to newbies like me.