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Enigma-Cracking Bombe Recreated

toxcspdrmn writes "Volunteers at Bletchley Park have recreated a working replica of the electromechanical bombe used to crack the Germans' Enigma encryption. The bombe was designed by Polish cryptologists and refined by Alan Turing and colleagues at Bletchley Park. The replica joins a recreated electronic Colossus — generally considered the first electronic computer. Impressive work when you consider that Winston Churchill ordered the originals to be completely destroyed at the end of WWII."

28 of 131 comments (clear)

  1. Colossus, you say? by ettlz · · Score: 3, Funny

    Does it run NetBSD?

  2. Deserved honour, indeed. by alexwcovington · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It's truly a testiment to the brilliance of these people, that they were able to do so much with so little in the way of computing power. It's a shame that Alan Turing met such an unfortunate fate, with all he did for modern computing.

    --
    (It's never too late to join the Renaissance)
    1. Re:Deserved honour, indeed. by joe+155 · · Score: 4, Informative

      I too share your admiration of the fantastic work which was done there.

      One of the worst things Churchil did was not allowing the continuation of this project and continual research in the field. As an English man and a Conservative I feel thats been one of our worst own goals... Silicon Vally could have been in Kent (or, even better, Grimsby!). But then again we did something similar to Babage and his difference engine.

      Still, it's nice to see what some of the greatest people in the world at the time did in their field, even if it does bring up old regrets...

      --
      *''I can't believe it's not a hyperlink.''
    2. Re:Deserved honour, indeed. by JohnGrahamCumming · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Turing's death is a warning about the dangers of discriminating against people because they are different.

      For all values of 'different'.

      John.

    3. Re:Deserved honour, indeed. by Keebler71 · · Score: 4, Interesting
      Indeed...

      Alan Turing's colleague Jack Good, however, said on the same television programme that if the security authorities had known about Alan Turing's homosexuality from the beginning, 'we might have lost the war.'

      --
      "It takes considerable knowledge just to realize the extent of your own ignorance." - Thomas Sowell
    4. Re:Deserved honour, indeed. by gosand · · Score: 3, Interesting
      Turing's death is a warning about the dangers of discriminating against people because they are different. For all values of 'different'.

      I am currently reading "Alan Turing: The Enigma" (http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/), and while I am not much for biographies, it is pretty good so far. It is quite long and detailed, but I am anxious to get through it. The foreword is by one of my favorite authors, Douglas Hofstadter. Can't wait to get his new book in 2007.

      If you are a geek, read Godel Escher Bach, and The Mind's I. And if you really want to tackle something, try Metamagical Themas. It's like a good hot sauce - tasty, yet painful, leaving you wanting more. :)

      --

      My beliefs do not require that you agree with them.

    5. Re:Deserved honour, indeed. by 2sheds · · Score: 4, Informative

      > One of the worst things Churchil did was not allowing the continuation of this project

      Well, he did allow continuation, it's just that it was under ultratight security in a department that would become today's GCHQ (Government Communications HQ - our equivalent of the NSA). The reason for that security is obvious; he wanted Britain to keep the competitive advantage of being able to spy on friends and allies without anyone being aware of that ability. Go and read up on the history of British SIGINT during the post war years if you're interested. There's a fair bit on Wikipedia about GCHQ and it's precedessor, the Government Code and Cipher School (Bletchley Park to you and me).

      --

      Absit Invidia
  3. Imagine.. by Yetihehe · · Score: 4, Funny

    Imagine beowulf cluster of these. It would be colossus!

    --
    Extreme Programming - Redundant Array of Inexpensive Developers
    1. Re:Imagine.. by kwark · · Score: 3, Funny

      Luckily everone still remembers what happened when Colossus and Guardian decided to work together.

  4. Marian Rejewski by Ignignot · · Score: 4, Informative

    How on earth can you mention this device without saying Rejewski's name? He is the one that originally cracked the enigma code, and did all of the hard cryptanalysis long before those guys in the UK got anywhere. He barely gets a footnote in history, while the machines that were built get all of the credit. Ultimately they were just collections of vaccuum tubes - it was Rejewski that gave them a purpose. Turing was brilliant of course and should be revered, but not alone.

    --
    I submitted this story last night, and it didn't get posted.
    1. Re:Marian Rejewski by ezeecheez · · Score: 3, Informative

      If it makes you feel better, I recently read 'The Man Who Knew Too Much', a book about Turing, and the author of that book gives Rejewski and his team props...

    2. Re:Marian Rejewski by Mahy · · Score: 5, Informative

      Turing didn't just wire the thing up: He came up with the approach that allowed them to deal with the plug board.

      It is even less well known that Turing's Bombes were unable to solve the 4-wheel Naval Enigma. The 4-wheel Naval Enigma was actually solved by engineers working for NCR in Dayton Ohio, led by Joe Desch. Their contributions were classified until the mid-90s, and so were not well known. See:

      1) http://www.daytoncodebreakers.com/
      2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Desch

    3. Re:Marian Rejewski by igb · · Score: 4, Informative
      No one with half an understanding underestimates Rejewski's contributions, but your article is somewhat wide of the mark. Firstly, Rejewski's work focussed on the attacks on the double-encipherment of the message setting in the indicators prior to about 1940. By use of the bomba he was able to produce tables of `males' and `females' which indicated the circumstances under which the double-encipherment of the indicator offered a route into the message settings. Rejewski's method didn't require any knowledge of the plain text, but did crucially depend on the structure of the indicators. His work was replicated in the UK in the construction of Jeffries Sheets.

      However, although Turing/Welchman's bombe paid explicit homage to the Polish work in the choice of name, its task was fundamentally different. The bombe provided a means to look for message settings based on the cipher text and conjectured plain text. Its weakness was the requirement for plain text, which was a massive task to obtain through traffic analysis of sterotyped messages, `kisses' with broken systems such as the Dockyard Key, weather reports transmitted in other cipher systems and so on. Its strength was that it was independent of the indicator system, which was one of the easier things to change in the Enigma system.

      The Polish contribution lay in the machines themselves, the analysis of the indicator systems and the bomba (bomby? spelling may be wrong): together they showed other people that Enigma could be attacked, and provided a plentiful supply of cribs. Had the Poles not succeeded, it's unlikely that the British could have got the resources for their work. But to claim that the Polish work was the basis for the Bletchley work subsequent to the changes in the indicator system is not right.

      And, if we're being picky, there might have been the odd vacumn tube in the implementation of the diagonal board's ``all on or none on'' algorithm. But bombes were essentially mechanical devices. The four-rotor ones must have been amazing to be near...

      ian

    4. Re:Marian Rejewski by Ilex · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Actually there is a memorial to the polish cryptologists at Bletchley Park so their contribution has been recognized.

      It was actually Marian Rejewski who designed the Cryptologic bomb. Bomba being the polish word for Bomb.

      Turing developed the Electro-Mechanical Bomb which was capable of cracking the more sophisticated versions of the Enigma code.

      It's well worth taking a trip to Bletchley Park if you get the opportunity.
      It's more than just code breaking. It covers the whole history of computing.

  5. Why? by neoshroom · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Anyone know why Churchill ordered it destroyed? I don't quite understand the purpose of doing so.

    --
    Big apple, new Yorik, undig it, something's unrotting in Edenmark.
    1. Re:Why? by igb · · Score: 5, Interesting
      I'm not sure it's entirely true, anyway. The claim's always made that the reason the British didn't reveal that they'd broken Enigma (in the way in which the Americans rapidly documented the breaks into Red and Purple as soon as the war was over) was that the British were selling Enigma to misguided European powers, advertising it as the German's finest, without revealing they'd broken into it. For this story to make sense, the British would have to have retained the ability to break into Enigma.

      It's always rumoured that Collossi were in service at Cheltenham into the sixties, attacking various Fish-style machine baudot-code ciphers. It doesn't seem unreasonable to suggest that a bombe or two were kept as well: with the use of the diagonal board, they were probably faster than an emulation in a computer would have been.

      ian

  6. Oh no! by cold+fjord · · Score: 5, Funny


    Somebody set up us the bombe!

    --
    much of left-wing thought is a kind of playing with fire by people who don't even know that fire is hot - George Orwell
  7. Origin of the name by JohnGrahamCumming · · Score: 3, Funny

    It's not very well known but the unusual name 'bombe' actual caused the entire hip hop explosion in the US, for which Alan Turing is directly responsible. As well we as the Undecidability problem, Turing machines and the Turing test, Turing was responsible, after a demonstration of the code breaking machine to top UK officials at the MOD received a standing ovation, to have remarked "Truly gentlemen this machine represents the finest British engineering, and is da bombe".

    It is unknown when the final e from bombe was dropped.

  8. Re:Turing Bombe emulator? by Quiet_Desperation · · Score: 3, Informative

    ahref=http://homepages.tesco.net/~andycarlson/enig ma/enigma_j.htmlrel=url2html-10809http://homepages .tesco.net/~andycarlson/enigma/enigma_j.html>

    There's others. Check the Wikipedia entry

  9. tick tick tick by dmccarty · · Score: 3, Interesting
    From the article: The replica goes on general display at Bletchley Park on September 23.

    Hopefully they'll do more than just display it. I would love to hear the ticking sound of one running. (Incidentally, that's where the name "bombe" comes from.)

    --
    Have fun: Join D.N.A. (National Dyslexics Association)
  10. Wasn't Conrad Zuse first? by Dhrakar · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Actually, the title 'First Electronic Computer' is not as cut-n-dried as that. There is good evidence that the title should really go to the Z3 from Conrad Zuse. Other that Mauchly/Eckert his system is generally considered to be the best contender for first electronic computer.
    http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/zuse.html

  11. Internal evidence that this story is false by Flying+pig · · Score: 4, Insightful
    (1) NO MOD official would ever applaud anything done by British scientists/engineers. And (2) one of AMT's greatest attributes was his willingness to transcend the mathematician/scientist/engineer divide.

    The actual approach to technology of the MOD is this:
    Ignore British invention for 20 years or so
    Buy it when it is produced in the US
    Claim that British technology is inadequate and we must always follow the Americans.

    And if you think I'm bitter about the Cocks encryption method (RSA), or the entire postwar history of British technology - yes, I am.

    --
    Pining for the fjords
  12. Pictures hard to come by by OakDragon · · Score: 4, Informative

    Still, I found some more.

  13. Re:Collossus is not a computer by Ilex · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Yes Colossus is a digital computer. It was partially re-programmable. I think you were thinking of the bomba which is simply an Electro-Mechanical device.

    Colossus was used to break the Lorenz SZ 40/42 cipher used for communicating between high level members of Hitler's regime. The Lorenz teleprinter had 12 rotors as opposed to the 4 wheels on the Enigma. The bomba was uses to break the 4 wheel Enigma.

    Because the Colossus machine was highly classified for many years Tommy Flowers and his team were deprived of the recognition they deserve.

  14. Not your fault by Beryllium+Sphere(tm) · · Score: 3, Interesting

    >But then again we did something similar to Babage and his difference engine.

    Babbage got suprisingly generous funding, but unfortunately he was ahead of his time in another way -- he practiced feature creep. He kept redesigning while the machine was being built, which is part of the reason he needed such generous funding.

  15. Re:American bombe bigger than UK bombe by mparker762 · · Score: 3, Informative

    It's just you. The british bombe's were used on the 3-rotor enigma but couldn't handle the naval 4-rotor enigma. The american version was a bigger variant (and there were many more of them) to handle the much more difficult naval variant.

  16. Re:Collossus is not a computer by inviolet · · Score: 3, Funny

    Useless objection. We all understand that Turing-completeness requires infinite memory. So, when we say that a machine is Turing-complete, we are understood to mean "This machine is Turing-complete qua available memory".

    Oh. I'm sorry. I didn't realize that you were disrupting the conversation just to show off your alleged mental prowess.

    --
    FATMOUSE + YOU = FATMOUSE
  17. A true shame is the way Bletchley Park is treated by fantomas · · Score: 4, Interesting

    A true shame is the way the Bletchley Park Museum is treated by the UK government and heritage authorities - they got turned down from national heritage funding and the whole place is operating on a shoe string. There are great volunteers (some of whom worked there in the war) who will take you on guided tours. It's really an amazing place to visit. Go there!

    But they need financial help to keep the place running. Parts of the place really need financial investment - the Huts where the code breaking happened are barely standing. They've had to sell off some of the land around the house to developers (who are building a housing estate) to pay for the upkeep. Some of the volunteers were going round interviewing people who'd worked there during the war, they were so short of money that once they'd transcribed the interviews, they'd tape over the recordings and use the same tape again in the next interview to save money on buying new audio tapes.

    If you think the work carried out at Bletchley Park during the war was valuable, or fascinating, contribute to keeping the place running as a museum. Visit the place! Buy some cool stuff from the shop! send them a donation! Please.