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Australia Rules Linking to Copyright Material Also Illegal

An anonymous reader writes "A recent ruling in Federal court upheld the ruling that the operator and ISP that hosted the site 'mp3s4free.net' were guilty of copyright infringement violations because they provided access to the copyright material. From the article: 'Dale Clapperton, vice-chairman of the non-profit organization Electronic Frontiers Australia (EFA), explained the ruling as follows: "If you give someone permission to do something that infringes copyright, that in itself is infringement as if you'd done it yourself. Even if you don't do the infringing act yourself, if you more or less condone someone else doing it, that's an infringing act."'"

27 of 364 comments (clear)

  1. The really scary part of this ruling.... by Whiney+Mac+Fanboy · · Score: 4, Insightful
    While it's sad that someone has been done merely for linking to "illegal" music [1], the real tragedy of this ruling is that the hosting ISP was also dragged into the mess (from TFA):

    In yesterday's Cooper judgment, the ISP that hosted the website, E-Talk, was also found to be guilty of authorising copyright infringement.

    The court found that E-Talk profited from the copyright infringement of mp3s4free.net's users through advertisements on the website and took no efforts to take the site down.

    "E-Talk countenanced the infringing downloading by internet users who visited the website that it hosted," the court held.
    Sorry Australians, no more internet for you. As soon as legal departments look at this, expect all your big ISPs, Yahoo, Google, MySpace, etc to all flee Australian shores.

    [1] Although frankly, with a site called mp3s4free.net what the hell did he expect?
    --
    There are shills on slashdot. Apparently, I'm one of them.
    1. Re:The really scary part of this ruling.... by arkhan_jg · · Score: 4, Informative

      Thing is, as a layman, this ruling doesn't strike me as radically different to the concepts of vicarious and contributory infringement already common in US courts. If the big US hosting companies, search engines and content aggregators are prepared to cope with vicarious copyright infringement threats (which is what took down the original napster) why not this?

      Contributory infringement

              CONTRIBUTORY INFRINGEMENT LIABILITY
              The standard definition for contributory copyright infringement is when the defendant, "with knowledge of the infringing activity, induces, causes or materially contributes to the infringing conduct of another." [2] In other words, the record labels must not only show ownership of a valid copyright and unlawful copying but must show that the P2P company 1) had knowledge of the infringing activity and 2) materially contributed to the infringing conduct. Again, this is for the purpose of holding someone other than the infringer liable for copyright infringement.

              VICARIOUS INFRINGEMENT LIABILITY
              Vicarious liability is another means of holding someone liable for copyright infringement even when that person or party is not the one who did the infringing. In order to find a defendant liable under the theory of vicarious liability for the actions of an infringer, it must be shown that the defendant 1) has the right and ability to control the infringer's acts, and 2) receives a direct financial benefit from the infringement.[3] Unlike contributory infringement, knowledge is not an element of vicarious liability. However, courts have determined that the combination of the right and ability to control the infringer's acts and the receipt of a direct financial benefit from the infringement suffices to hold a defendant vicariously liable for copyright infringement, even if the defendant had no knowledge of the particular infringement.[4]

      --
      Remember kids, it's all fun and games until someone commits wholesale galactic genocide.
    2. Re:The really scary part of this ruling.... by Whiney+Mac+Fanboy · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Kazaa and Napster didn't actually provide the content either.
      The idea of extending this to imply that all Australian ISP's are in danger is retarded.


      You didn't get what I said at all did you? Napster/etc are the equivilant to mp3s4free.net (the charges against whom, as I said was sad, but understandable).

      However, the hosting ISP was also charged. Can you see how charging a hosting provider for hosted content has implications for the wider industry?

      --
      There are shills on slashdot. Apparently, I'm one of them.
    3. Re:The really scary part of this ruling.... by anno1a · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Weeeell, mp3s are not illegal. There are a LOT of music out there, that is free, so mp3s4free could easily be a site linking to those specific mp3s. I just find it rather scary that you can get punished for linking to someone who links to copyrighted material. So if I link to Google and Google links to something illegal, then I can get sued?

      Also, from the /. article: "if you more or less condone someone else doing it, that's an infringing act." As I read this, this means that I am infringing if I think it's okay that you infringe. Which also means that if I argue that it should be legal to infringe on copyrighted material, then I am already infringing.

      --
      ------- I fumbled my registration and I now must suffer
    4. Re:The really scary part of this ruling.... by Whiney+Mac+Fanboy · · Score: 4, Informative
      If the big US hosting companies, search engines and content aggregators are prepared to cope with vicarious copyright infringement threats (which is what took down the original napster) why not this?

      Did you read the last few lines of tfa?

      "Mp3s4free was different in the sense that it actually catalogued MP3 files that were infringing copyright material - Google doesn't do that," she said.

      "There is, however, action that is being taken against Google in other jurisdictions, and we're awaiting that eagerly."
      I'm no copyright lawyer, yet alone an Australian one, but seriously.... the attitude displayed by the prosecuting lawyer & judge is....scary
      --
      There are shills on slashdot. Apparently, I'm one of them.
    5. Re:The really scary part of this ruling.... by Skye16 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Which takes it a few steps farther.

      For example, I codone these judges should be taken out back and whipped within an inch of their respective lives with a giant whale penis.

      I guess that makes me guilty of aggravated assault and attempted murder with a whale wang.

      Somehow, I don't feel all that bad about it. *shrug*

    6. Re:The really scary part of this ruling.... by Gilmoure · · Score: 5, Funny

      As far as you know, you're not an Australian lawyer? Is there a chance you were down there on shore leave, got drunk, kissed an ugly girl, got a tattoo and passed the bar?

      --
      I drank what? -- Socrates
    7. Re:The really scary part of this ruling.... by indifferent+children · · Score: 4, Funny
      How can you not be certain whether you're an Australian lawyer or not? That seems rather like the kind of thing I'd be sure of

      In an effort to inject some integrity into the legal system, the Australian government picks people at random and designates them lawyers. You too could be an Australian lawyer, and the notice just hasn't arrived yet. Before you laugh, many countries choose jurors this way, why not lawyers?

      --
      Censorship is telling a man he can't have a steak just because a baby can't chew it. --Mark Twain
  2. Bizarre. by jez9999 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Isn't this like preventing a news reporter from referring to a book, because someone might go out and photocopy it illegally? If this layman's analogy was given, how many common people would think this ruling to be idiocy?

    1. Re:Bizarre. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Another analogy could be putting up signs to advertise the services of drug dealers, which would make most people think the ruling was obvious. It's a good thing we don't make decisions based on analogies, right?

    2. Re:Bizarre. by Phisbut · · Score: 4, Insightful
      Remember, a link takes you to a location - if a user can follow the link, so can the investigator.

      Torrent links have a tendency to point to another location when one location gets taken down... how convenient. Taking down the location solves nothing, the problem is the link.

      There is *no* valid reason to hold a torrent link to a music file or software for which you don't own the copyright (or have not the permission from the copyright holder). None, other than encourage people to infringe on the copyright.

      --
      After 3 days without programming, life becomes meaningless
      - The Tao of Programming
    3. Re:Bizarre. by jc42 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Next stop - close down the local library - everyone there is either infringing copyright or contributing to it ...

      This isn't a joke or something hypothetical. If you pay attention to discussions in the publishing industry, one of the statistics you'll see bandied about is that each book sold is read on the average by four people. This is invariably used to show that there's a huge missed "marketing" opportunity. 3/4 of readers are getting their books without paying for them.

      Now, if you look at the books you have at home, you'll probably have trouble finding even one that was read by more than two people, right? So where does this average of four come from? Right - libraries. Publishers have long considered public libraries a major cause of lost income. If they could shut them down, they would, and they're starting to see how this might be done.

      Publishers have been heartened by recent "advances" in copyright law and the advent of electronic publishing. They see these as tools to end the practice of lending books to others, by moving to a system where every reader must pay for what they read. It has worked for the software industry, except for the ongoing problem of piracy. The music recording industry is slowly succeeding at making illegal the sort of sharing that used to be common when music only came on physical recording media like records and tapes. There's a good chance that sharing of what used to be printed material can also be stopped in the forseeable future.

      So don't take libraries as some sort of God-given exception that will always be with us. Libraries were created by reformers who wanted to make information available to everyone despite the desires of publishers, and the publishing industry is looking forward to the day that libraries can be eliminated.

      --
      Those who do study history are doomed to stand helplessly by while everyone else repeats it.
  3. Bibliographies to made illegal next? by grahamm · · Score: 4, Insightful

    How is linking on a web page any different than the references and citations that have been in printed material, and probably hand written before that, almost forever? The only difference is that it automates the procedure of 'going to the appropriate stack, finding the referenced book or article, and opening it at the appropriate page'.

  4. What next? by junglee_iitk · · Score: 5, Funny

    I am going to kill my neighbor. Every one here is guilty of not stopping me. Well, at least all Australians.

  5. Shutdown the Web! by Flendon · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Well both the text of the article and the legal document make one thing very clear: By linking to any copyrighted material in Australia you are encouraging someone to download and use that material illegally.

    Since almost everything published is protected under copyright almost all hyperlinks are illegal! The web as a whole is nothing but one great big collection of pirates and must be shutdown to protect the record industry!

    --
    chown -R us ./base
  6. A *gasp* COMPUTER Was Involved! by l0ungeb0y · · Score: 5, Funny

    Quick, jettison all common sense and everybody do the freakout!!

    Thank you Australia for showing us there is a nation in the "free world" with it's head *just a little" further up it's ass than America when it comes to copyright law. Remember, every inch counts.

  7. Not just Aussies by PopeRatzo · · Score: 5, Insightful

    This kind of thing means no more internet for more than just Australians.

    There is a concerted effort to turn the internet into cable television. The entertainment/military/industrial complex is working with the big telcos to make sure Slashdot becomes a quaint throwback to the days of open internet. Sure there will still be geeks pining about the days when any old body could put up a web site that could get the same attention as one put up by Sony, and a couple of nobodies could come up with a Google, but face it, that's just not the way of the world.

    Don't get fooled by the $12.95 per month DSL. Forces are working overtime to put ISPs as we know them out of business. When they finally put the last nail in the coffin of Net Neutrality, watch how fast things change. Then, get ready for all of the internet to look like myspace, and watch for the articles about how great it is that we're free to choose our own "friends". We're already seeing more and more of magazines like Wired dedicated to the joys of the mercantilisation of what's left of the Web.

    Remember, Google became a phenomenon without adverts, and existed for years that way. Could that happen today? Think it will happen when there's no "neutrality" about the Web? Freedom never gets easier to defend.

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.
    1. Re:Not just Aussies by MSZ · · Score: 5, Insightful
      There is a concerted effort to turn the internet into cable television.

      I'm having doubts that it is really a coordinated attack, yet it is clear that corporations want complete control of the internet. This may be not a conspiracy, but rather them having similar plans and simply wanting the net for themselves, where trampling of the users is a prelude before fight between the megacorps. There can be only a few ;-)

      This is not the worst part IMHO. Really bad is the fact, that people in general (aka "the masses") do not see this grab for control. The internet as we know it is dying, because no one sees it's getting sick.

      Like with political dictatorships, "it has to get worse before it gets better". Until it actually bites them in the ass, people will not care. So, I welcome our new corporate overlords, modem tax overlords, *AA overlords - come here, fuck it up and be quick about it! Maybe then the masses will notice. Maybe. Lets hope so.
      --
      The moon is not fully subjugated. I demand a second assault wave preceded by a massive nuclear bombardment.
    2. Re:Not just Aussies by db32 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I realize this is slashdot and all, and being anti military is popular, but what the hell does the military have to do with this? I mean seriously what in the hell does the military have to do with the legal system, the copyright nonsense, the MPAA/RIAA, DRM, and so on? Or is this just another cheap shot at the military to get slashdot bonus points. The day the military has the kind of control to really be making these kinds of decisions you will have alot more to worry about than a free and open internet. You can throw around the police state thing all you want (and to an extent, you are right, lots of nations are inching closer and closer) but we are absolutely not a police state.

      1. The military brought you the internet, it wasn't the telco and media industry. DARPAnet anyone?
      2. The military and intelligence agencies are going to be very interested in a very open internet because its the perfect source for open source intelligence (and that has nothing to do with software).
      3. The telco and media industries are going to be very interested in controlling all there is to be seen on the net.
      4. In fact large portions of the "industrial complex" part of your little equation are much more interested in having an open/neutral net than a telco/media controlled net.

      You have some good points, so please don't 'catapult the propaganda'.

      --
      The only change I can believe in is what I find in my couch cushions.
    3. Re:Not just Aussies by jc42 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      1. The military brought you the internet, it wasn't the telco and media industry. DARPAnet anyone?

      We need to keep hammering on this history. Both the corporate world and their ideological apologists are trying to convince us that it was "business" that created the Internet. This is, of course, a complete lie; all the original funding came from a US government agency (now called DARPA) that was part of the Army. The business world became interested only after the Internet was a proven success.

      There are many reasons to be very suspicious of government and military agencies. But this suspicion shouldn't extend to lying about their actual accomplishments. We should give credit (and blame) where it is due, not to someone who sits on the sidelines and then claims credit for someone else's work.

      Actually, I think that the funniest thing about someone bringing the military into a discussion of copyright is that the military generally doesn't get involved in copyright. If they want some information, they just take it and use it. And if you get ahold of some information that they don't want you to use, they don't charge you with copyright violation. "National Security" is a much more effective tool for punishing people who get their hands on military secrets. Copyright is irrelevant to them.

      --
      Those who do study history are doomed to stand helplessly by while everyone else repeats it.
  8. Linking to Almost Anything Illegal by RAMMS+EIN · · Score: 5, Interesting

    ``Australia Rules Linking to Copyright Material Also Illegal''

    So, basically, linking to almost anything on the Internet is now illegal in Australia. After all, the vast majority of what is on the Internet is copyright material.

    And what if you're not the one doing the linking? For example, your site is a forum and other people post the links there? Apparently, you're guilty, too. Even if you're the ISP hosting the site and had nothing at all to do with its content, you're guilty.

    --
    Please correct me if I got my facts wrong.
  9. The workaround by MTO_B. · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I'm just guessing, no expert at this, but...
    Maybe a workaround would be to not provide the link itself, but only the url.
    That is... no using of the a href tag.

    Then, it could be considered as citing, just as books cite authors... you see the name, book, editorial, etc... and you have to manually search for it to buy it. In this case, you'd have to copy the url and enter it in the address bar.

    1. Re:The workaround by Spikeles · · Score: 4, Interesting
      I think you have the right idea there.. From the ruling:
      42 I conclude that, within the meaning of s 101(1A)(a), Mr Cooper had power to prevent the copying in Australia of copyright sound recordings via his website. He had that power because he was responsible for creating and maintaining his MP3s4FREE website. As stated above, the principal content of the website comprised links to other websites and files contained on other servers. Senior counsel for Mr Cooper conceded that, in effect, the overwhelming majority of the files listed on the website were the subject of copyright. The website was structured so that when a user clicked on a link to a specific music file a copy of that file was transmitted directly to the user's computer.
      Basically he got in trouble because he made it EASY to download the files. He wasn't linking to the page that contained the link to the file, he was directly linking to the MP3 itself.
      --
      I don't need to test my programs.. I have an error correcting modem.
  10. Oh ye of little faith :-) by Anonymous+Brave+Guy · · Score: 4, Informative

    The entertainment/military/industrial complex is working with the big telcos to make sure Slashdot becomes a quaint throwback to the days of open internet. Sure there will still be geeks pining about the days when any old body could put up a web site that could get the same attention as one put up by Sony, and a couple of nobodies could come up with a Google, but face it, that's just not the way of the world.

    I'll take that bet. My money's on the world.

    Historically, it has been common for industries, laws, and other Big Systems to favour the corporations in new endeavours. Twice armed is he who knows his cause is just, but thrice armed is he who gets his blow in first, and all that. Let's face it, corporations with their huge financial and lobbying power tend to be pretty quick off the mark at stealing an advantage over the public. Perhaps more to the point, until they try it, the public don't know what they have to protect themselves against.

    But a little further down the line, perhaps 5-10 years for the things I can think of off the top of my head, the public always win. The next big swing I'm expecting is for DRM, when the public start to realise that they've been had. DRM is relatively safe as long as it doesn't annoy the average person and only geeks see what's wrong with it, but it's been getting serious for a few years now. As people's first MP3 players start dying or they upgrade their PCs and they realise they can't take their music collection with them, as people who spent a fortune on early HDTVs get told they can't watch HD discs they paid a premium for at any better resolution than a normal DVD because of something called HDCP, as people whose legitimately purchased software starts deactivating itself in a case of mistaken identity and costing them or their business time and money... Then the people will cease to accept it, DRM will become a political timebomb, and the politicians and lawyers will turn on the tech and media companies who advocate DRM like piranha in a frenzy. It always ends this way, when something good is corrupted by corporate interests; it's only a matter of time.

    --
    If you disagree, post your argument. (-1, Overrated) isn't your personal censorship tool for views you don't like.
    1. Re:Oh ye of little faith :-) by mspohr · · Score: 4, Informative
      Until you have a political system so corrupt that businesses do get a vote like citizens
      In the USA, business don't literally vote but they do control the politicians through a corrupt political process. Politicians need money to get elected and businesses are happy to provide lots of money. In return, the politicians give the businesses whatever laws they want. Voters have only a small role. They respond to the TV ads which appeal to base instincts (fear, greed) and then are ignored until the next election.
      --
      I don't read your sig. Why are you reading mine?
  11. It sounds like "Thought Police" to me by msobkow · · Score: 4, Insightful
    If you give someone permission to do something that infringes copyright, that in itself is infringement as if you'd done it yourself.

    How can you give someone "permission" to infringe a copyright, patent, or other IP that you don't own? I could see that being considered fraud, like selling the Golden Gate Bridge or the CN Tower, but contributory?

    If you have a group of people discussing ways to infringe restrictions or bypass IP laws, you might have opportunities for collusion or some variant on racketeering. But as a society, how can you afford to make it illegal to discuss such important issues and avenues for bringing about social change when the *AA and such get out of hand? There would have to be significant allowance for the freedom of speech in many jurisdictions; certainly I wouldn't expect the legislation around the world to be too consistent given the variety of viewpoints on the issues of IP.

    Take the US patent database, for instance. Several attempts to push that database of junk patents on the EU have been rebuffed.

    Those who try to create business patents forget a few key points:

    1. Any information or ideas published in the public domain cannot be patented. That includes ideas discussed in taxpayer-funded research papers from universities and schools, publicly accessible web forums, newspapers, and any other media that does not make an attempt to protect the information physically. Printed documentation marked "internal use only", "private", "secure", "confidential", or otherwise indicated as not for public access does not lose it's privacy when stolen and published to the internet.
    2. Computing is extremely open. The vast majority of fundamental algorithms, hardware and language concepts, data processing approaches, data structures, and even conceptualization of graphical user interfaces, pen tablets, and other such information are shared knowledge of the IT community.
    3. If an algorithm, data structure, protocol, or technique is designed as a generic solution, sample, or template, there is no way you can possibly claim that a specific use of that concept is patentable.

    The US patent database is stuffed to the brim with such junk. My favourite example is trying to claim a patent over linking a user action to triggering a sale. Whether it is a single mouse click in a GUI, web browser, menu item, popup list selection, or other user interaction is irrelevant. The basic user interaction techniques and algorithms have been discussed, designed, prototyped, and implemented since Alan Kay was at Xerox PARC.

    --
    I do not fail; I succeed at finding out what does not work.
  12. Not a police state? by PopeRatzo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    "..but we are absolutely not a police state." - db32

    Buddy, I count 23 video cameras on my 25km bike ride from home to work. That's not counting the still cameras on major intersections looking for speeders and people running the stop lights.
    You and I can be held indefinitely without charges. There was just a story about a guy who was picked up, bundled up and shipped off ("renditioned") to Egypt where he was tortured for a couple of years. The only reason we heard about it was because he was THE WRONG GUY.

    The government no longer needs a warrant to tap our phones or a reason (habeas corpus) to arrest and hold us. The number of documents that the current Administration has declared "Classified" has gone up by over 5000 percent, and the GAO has estimated that only about 5 percent of those secret documents relate to National Security, allowing the government to operate in near total secrecy (and better, with the appearance of openness, thanks to a complicit media).

    What do you think a police state looks like?

    --
    You are welcome on my lawn.