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Dinosaur Fossil Found With Preserved Soft Tissue

damn_registrars writes "A fossilized hadrosaur has been uncovered in South Dakota that has preserved soft tissue. This is described as a "mummified" dinosaur, and allows for a look at the skin and musculature of some parts of this animal. The find was reported by a 24 year old Yale graduate student of paleontology."

49 of 248 comments (clear)

  1. Question by Major+Blud · · Score: 4, Interesting

    According to the FTA, the find was originally located in 1999, and partially excavated in 2004 with a full investigation commencing in 2006. Having never studied archeology or paleontology, is it common for sites like this to be passed by even though there is something located there?

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    1. Re:Question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Dinosaurs can be big. Really big. I mean, you may think ...

      Oh, wait, wrong analogy. Seriously though, the phrase that is most relevant to answering your question is in the article: "10-ton block", plus another 4 tons, which they whittled down to "only" 5 tons in total. This is not your usual fossil extraction task. It can take significant money and time to set up what is needed to excavate a find that big, you have to transport it, and you have to find a spot for it back in the lab after you do extract it. This is back-breaking, painstaking work, and getting together a big enough chain gang^H^H^H^H^H^H^H^H I mean group of volunteers to do the job isn't always easy, especially when there may be a dozen other sites in the region where excavations are already under way, and to which the resources you have are already allocated. So, sometimes a site gets marked with its GPS coordinates and hidden until the resources are available. Also, sometimes you have to start the excavation before you really realize the importance of what you have found. That seems to be the case for this specimen, based on the comments in the article. They didn't originally realize how special it was.

      So, yeah, what you describe is common, especially in areas that are both remote and prolific, and especially for large dinosaur specimens. It can take years.

    2. Re:Question by osu-neko · · Score: 3, Insightful

      According to the FTA, the find was originally located in 1999, and partially excavated in 2004 with a full investigation commencing in 2006. Having never studied archeology or paleontology, is it common for sites like this to be passed by even though there is something located there?

      I don't think it's a matter of being "passed by" as much as this is how long it takes with all available resources being devoted to it. This is the United States we're talking about -- basic science doesn't get funded unless there's a corporation that sees a potential for profit in it. :p

      --
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    3. Re:Question by Cedric+Tsui · · Score: 4, Interesting

      According to an archeology professor of mine at Queen's University, this is very common. Excavation is a slow process, and one which is dependent on the weather. Furthermore, it is a funding intensive project.

      You find a site, then you apply for funding. When you get your funding, you start the dig. Generally you only get the summer as rain, snow or ice can damage artifact and generally make digging harder. At the end of the digging season, you place some sort of modern marker at the edges and bottom of the trench (my professor used soda cans) and fill them in until the next time you can come back.

      If your site proves to be interesting, you can get the funding renewed for another summer, and as a rule of thumb they give you funding every 2 years. This allows the funding to be spread out over a wider range of projects, and ensures the scientists have the time to publish what they found during the excavation.

    4. Re:Question by Headw1nd · · Score: 2, Informative

      The cans he's talking about are buried at the edges of the excavation as it's being filled in, in order to define the limits of the previous trench. Then when you come back the next year you can quickly remove your fill dirt. The idea is to use something unmistakably modern (i.e. not a rock). You wouldn't pick them up unless you were digging at the site. If you're digging for litter, well, I admire your dedication, but you're being overzealous.

  2. North Dakota, Not South Dakota by eldavojohn · · Score: 5, Funny
    First line of the summary:

    A fossilized hadrosaur has been uncovered in South Dakota that has preserved soft tissue. First line of the article:

    A high school student hunting fossils in the badlands of his native North Dakota discovered an extremely rare mummified dinosaur that includes not just bones but also seldom seen fossilized soft tissue such as skin and muscles, scientists will announce today. For those of you who have not visited both North & South Dakota, I have. They are, in fact, not the same place. The submitter was probably confused as the belief that nothing comes from North Dakota is a well known fact. However, this news and fossil flies right in the face of that so I have to rework my post graduate thesis on black holes--it seems information can escape.

    Also, since I just watched Bender's Big Score repeatedly, "It's DOLOMITE, baby!"

    You see, beneath the fossil's crunchy, mineral shell, there's still a creamy core of hadrosaur nougat!
    --
    My work here is dung.
    1. Re:North Dakota, Not South Dakota by gEvil+(beta) · · Score: 4, Funny

      Oh sure. Next I suppose you're going to try to convince us that there's a NEW Mexico. I'm not falling for that one again...

      --
      This guy's the limit!
    2. Re:North Dakota, Not South Dakota by Jesus_666 · · Score: 5, Funny

      There was, in the early nineties. It didn't work out and they had to re-release Classic Mexico. It was the biggest failure of the North American nation industry until the Crystal Canada fiasco.

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    3. Re:North Dakota, Not South Dakota by dannannan · · Score: 2, Informative

      This is not the first time they've found soft dinosaur tissue in the Dakotas. Maybe the submitter was confusing this with an earlier soft tissue find in South Dakota.

    4. Re:North Dakota, Not South Dakota by ari_j · · Score: 2, Interesting

      As a North Dakotan, I read about this find earlier today and was looking for a comment like yours to see if I had to write my own. I wish that our foreign enemies whose primary complaint is that Americans are ignorant of the rest of the world could understand that it's just a vocal minority (majority? ... I'm not ready to be that cynical, just yet) of Americans who are ignorant of the entire world, including the most basic facts about their own nation.

      For what it's worth, North Dakotans are as unaware that Virginia and the Carolinas are not the "East Coast," for instance, as the rest of the country is that North Dakota is a paleontologist's playground.

      For those who aren't reading the article, you should, as it's a great story that everyone reading Slashdot dreamed about happening for himself all through his childhood. For those unwilling to read it, here's a capsule summary: A high school student in North Dakota found dinosaur bits in the Badlands and not much happened right away, but he was re-inspired to become a paleontologist. Now, as a Yale graduate student, he has come back to take another look, and a few years of digging later he has dug up the best specimen of a mummified dinosaur ever unearthed anywhere in the world.

      This is just about exactly what nerds live for.

  3. Well, damn by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 3, Informative

    From the summary, I was hoping it would be actual dinosaur jerky. But it's actually fossilized tissue -- neat, and a rare find, but not enough for any actual biochemistry.

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    1. Re:Well, damn by nacturation · · Score: 4, Funny

      Well what if we paid $999 for a complete DNA scan and sent it in?

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  4. No clone wars by oboreruhito · · Score: 5, Informative
    RTFA. There's no DNA; the fossilization process was fast enough to fossilize soft tissue. It's not organic material.

    Although it is described as "mummified," the 65 million-year-old duckbilled dinosaur that scientists have named Dakota bears no similarity to the leather-skinned human mummies retrieved from ancient tombs in Egypt. Time long ago transformed Dakota's soft tissue into mineralized rock, preserving it for the ages.

    "It's a dinosaur that was turned into stone, essentially," said Lyson, 24, now a graduate student in paleontology at Yale University.
    1. Re:No clone wars by mpe · · Score: 2, Insightful

      There's no DNA; the fossilization process was fast enough to fossilize soft tissue. It's not organic material.

      It is a very useful find however. Since it enables techniques such as working out muscles from their attachment points to the bones to be refined. As well as examination of such tissues can show how these extinct animals are related to ones which exist now.

    2. Re:No clone wars by Soothh · · Score: 2, Funny

      You know whats funny, the space scientists (from a show I saw yesterday on discovery) say the whole universe is only 12 billion years old.

      So is science so jacked up that they have THAT much of a difference?

      Yet noone can believe this book we have that lays it all out for us.

      "Scientists that go about teaching that evolution is a fact of life are great con men, and the
      story they are telling may be the greatest hoax ever. In explaining evolution, we do not
      have one iota of fact."
      Dr. Newton Tomasian, scientist for the Atomic Energy Commission

      --
      We have seen that living things are too improbable and too beautifully "designed" to have come into existence by chance.
    3. Re:No clone wars by ultranova · · Score: 2, Funny

      RTFA. There's no DNA; the fossilization process was fast enough to fossilize soft tissue. It's not organic material.

      Yes, but all you have to do is cast Stone to Flesh on the fossil to bring it back to life. Quickly, before they release the Fourth Edition of D&D, for you never know if this particular spell will be removed !

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    4. Re:No clone wars by Copid · · Score: 2, Funny

      Is newton not a real person either?
      I'd like to point out that I am against both antibiotics and the refrigeration of meat and dairy products, as Newton did not come out in favor of either one. Relativity blows too.
      --
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    5. Re:No clone wars by MightyMartian · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Cherry picking for the exceedingly small number of scientists who might (if their words aren't being taken out of context, of course) not accept evolution is a laughable, and ultimately self-defeating exercise, because, of course, the overwhelming majority of scientists do accept evolution. If it's just a competition of lists, then evolution so thoroughly defeats the evolutionary pseudo-skeptics that one would think quoting them would be an embarassment. But not to worry, evolution deniers are so far down the path of intellectual depravity that they no longer recognize humiliation.

      As to Sir Isaac Newton, quoting scientists who lived long before evolutionary theory even existed is pretty silly. I mean, are you going to use Newton in arguments against Quantum Mechanics or string theory? Oh, and nothing in that quote actually falsifies evolution. Evolution has nothing to say on God, and it's conceivable that God used evolutonary forces to shape life, though that, of course, is not science, but theology.

      So grow up. Evolution is a fact.

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  5. Not real soft tissue by InvisblePinkUnicorn · · Score: 3, Informative

    This isn't like that other discovery where what appeared to be red tissue was found inside a bone. This is just fossilized soft tissue. No soft tissue is present, just the mineral representation of what the tissue would have looked like, its structure, etc.

  6. Another great moment in science: by martianred · · Score: 3, Funny

    a hadrosaur's backside was about 25 percent larger than previously thought. That's... great. ... So when can we clone it already?
    1. Re:Another great moment in science: by Jesus_666 · · Score: 2, Funny

      The larger-backsize finding was actually met with exuberance by the international archaeological community, with butt expert and OBE Sir Mixalot exclaiming "I like big butts and I cannot lie".

      "You get sprung", added Mixalot.

      However, not all scientists applaud the finding, with polymath and host of the popular science show Infinite Solutions Mark Erickson criticizing that this finding will further reduce the scientific community's interest in tiny dinosaurs, which he describes as sadly overlooked.

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  7. Dino DNA by Raul654 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    This isn't the first time they've gotten soft tissue from a dinosaur. A few years ago, they were trying to haul some dinosaur bones from a dig site by helocopter, but the bones wouldn't fit. After trying to solve the problem several ways, they made the agonized decision to break some of the largest bones. When they broke them open, they found soft tissue in one of them (I think it was a femur). A friend of mine (getting his phd in bioinfomatics) mentioned that they had managed to extract dinosaur proteins from this, and that because proteins are much more unstable then nucleic acids, it was entirely likely that they could extract dinosaur DNA from the specimen.

    --


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    1. Re:Dino DNA by langelgjm · · Score: 2, Interesting

      It's been several years since I've looked at any of the literature on the topic of ancient DNA, and my particular area of interest was the sequencing of human and Neandertal DNA in the arena of phylogenetics, but as I remember, the general consensus was that it would be extremely unlikely to be able to extract, amplify, and sequence enough DNA from specimens beyond, say, about 100,000 years old. The difficulties posed in specimens of geologic age would be even greater.

      Apart from deterioration, contamination of specimens by modern DNA is a huge concern. I vaguely remember at least one instance where a published paper claimed to have sequenced DNA from fossilized leaves, when it later turned out that the specimen had been contaminated with modern plant matter, or something similar. Of course, when researching prehistoric human DNA, the chances of contamination are extremely high, are very difficult to detect. I'm not sure how difficult contamination would be to detect in animal samples, but I suspect it wouldn't be easy to rule out.

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    2. Re:Dino DNA by langelgjm · · Score: 2, Informative

      Apologies for replying to my own post, but I managed to find the article I mentioned. There were two, actually: "Golenberg EM. 1991. Amplification and analysis of Miocene plant fossil DNA. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 333:419-427." and "Golenberg EM, Giannasi E, Clegg M, Smiley CJ, Durban M, Henderson D and Zurawski G. 1990. Chloroplast sequence from a Miocene magnolia species. Nature 344:656-658." Golenberg believed he had sequenced a 770 base pair nucleotide chain from a 20 million year old leaf. The findings were later discredited by Svante Paabo, the well-known paleogeneticist.

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  8. Also In news: Dinosaur Saddle by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    A team of creationist paleontologists from the Discovery Institute's main field research arm announced today that they had discovered the remains of a large manmade object confirmed to be an ancient dinosaur saddle. The Discovery Institute's discovery was discovered in the remote Dusty Rivers area of southwestern Arizona. A spokesman for the paleontological team said that the dinosaur saddle provides irrefutable proof that man and dinosaurs lived simultaneously, as predicted by most creationist or "intelligent design" doctrines.

    http://www.avantnews.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=126

    1. Re:Also In news: Dinosaur Saddle by FiloEleven · · Score: 2, Funny

      It was found in "Mud Flaps, AZ" by one "Dr. Booble." Looks legitimate to me...

    2. Re:Also In news: Dinosaur Saddle by orclevegam · · Score: 2, Funny

      Well, what do you think this part suggests?

      Dr. Booble's colleague, Dr. D. Oxy Ribonucleic

      He was born for this type of work? Clearly intelligent design at work.

      --
      Curiosity was framed, Ignorance killed the cat.
  9. This has happened before by Aqua+OS+X · · Score: 3, Informative

    FYI, this has happened a few times before. PBS Nova Science Now recently did a piece on something similar.

    Watch Online:
    http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3411/01.html

    --
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  10. Was the dinosaur by antifoidulus · · Score: 4, Funny

    smashing a house when it died?

  11. Also: Mammoth DNA by Raul654 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Also, in case anyone missed it, a few months back, some researchers extracted enough woolly mammoth DNA from mammoth hairs to sequence it

    --


    To make laws that man cannot, and will not obey, serves to bring all law into contempt.
    --E.C. Stanton
    1. Re:Also: Mammoth DNA by tomatensaft · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Hey, I've got a business idea. What would you think if we would breed those mammoths as livestock and sell their meat (Delicious Mammoth Jerky?) and, of course, ivory! And sure enough, many zoos around the globe would want to buy one for their exhibits. That would probably save the elephants from extinction...

    2. Re:Also: Mammoth DNA by John+Hasler · · Score: 2, Funny

      You don't have to worry about the Endangered Species Act unless the critter in question is on the list. However in most states you can only get a license to keep wild animals if you can show that the particular animals you propose to keep came from a licensed breeder who could not have gotten a license without showing that his animals came from a licensed breeder. Since your cloned mammoths would be the direct, immediate descendants of wild animals, the authorities would obviously have to sieze them and release them into the wild.

      So get to work cloning those velociraptors.

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    3. Re:Also: Mammoth DNA by Fred_A · · Score: 2, Funny

      Og has mammoth license. Is written on cave wall.

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    4. Re:Also: Mammoth DNA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Og has mammoth license. Is written on cave wall. This is a dog license with the word 'dog' crossed out and 'mammoth' written in in charcoal.
  12. A quote from Dr. Malcom by sexybomber · · Score: 5, Funny

    1. God creates dinosaurs
    2. God destroys dinosaurs
    3. God creates man
    4. Man destroys God
    5. Man creates dinosaurs

    1. Re:A quote from Dr. Malcom by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Of course you'd forget the best part:

      6. Dinosaurs eat man... women inherit the Earth.

  13. Done before by cthulu_mt · · Score: 3, Funny

    I think they stole this story from the episode of "Denver the Last Dinosaur" wherein Denver disguises himself as a mummy to avoid capture.

    Another example of my childhood being recycled. Maybe them can get Michael Bay to crap all over the live-action version.

    --
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  14. RTFL by mangu · · Score: 2, Informative

    is that a crack pot news site run by ID proponents, a joke site like the onion, or a real news site that's just running a crackpot story?

    Let me guess, that link mentions "the Discovery Institute, a conservative think-tank based in Seattle with affiliates operating at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C." and "we know Velociraptor was a vegetarian, as can be clearly deduced from its long rows of razor-sharp teeth, perfectly designed for tearing leaves from trees or rooting for truffles and other buried delicacies, and could therefore be domesticated at very low risk."


    Looks like alternative [B - Joke site] is the most probable one.

  15. FTA? by CarpetShark · · Score: 4, Funny

    According to the FTA...


    the Fucking Terranosaur Article?
  16. Re:Jurassic Park? by PieSquared · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Some facts for you:

    1.) When cloning a sheep to give birth to itself, by putting a complete strand of its own DNA in its own egg cells in its own womb, we would have a one in several hundred chance of success. We don't know why, but the rest would be miscarriages, still births, or otherwise non-viable. The cloned animal would die early of old age, nobody knows why.

    2.) The Human Genome Project to sequence *ONE* complete set of DNA for a single human took us 13 years and 3 billion dollars. That's comparable to the Apollo project, to sequence *ONE* example of a complex being's DNA.

    3.) DNA is relatively unstable. I doesn't survive completely intact for 65 million years no matter how you preserve it.

    Mosquitoes trapped in amber wouldn't be great sources of DNA - it would have still decomposed over time. Not in the "something ate it" sense of the word, but in the "radioactive particles" sense of the word. So the DNA would be there, but fragmented. Analyzing one strand of complete, non-fragmented strand of DNA was an Epic undertaking. Doing it with hundreds of strands that were chopped into pieces is probably beyond our capabilities. We could also get this DNA from red blood cells found in a T-rex fossil recently, or just from grinding up the core of bones for *really* tiny bits.

    Next, you can't just patch DNA in a dinosaur with DNA from a reptile. It just doesn't work that way, and birds are closer relatives anyway if it *did* work that way.

    And then you'd have to somehow put together a DNA molecule. We can't do that yet. I'm totally serious, we can't. We can manipulate pieces maybe 10 or so genes long in existing DNA, but I don't think we could piece billions of genes long strands together from a blueprint even given all the time in the world.

    Finally, you'd need a viable dinosaur egg. You can't just pick someone else's egg and stick dino DNA in it, eggs are highly specialized. You might get away with something as similar as elephant-mammoth but there just isn't anything *like* a dinosaur, nothing *near* close enough for a viable egg.

    If by some miracle you managed to find full dino DNA, sequence the DNA, assemble the DNA, and put them in an artificial egg that worked... you'd have to do a thousand trials before you could say with any certainty you'd messed something up to make it fail instead of just having bad luck. So don't worry about Jurassic Park happening anytime soon.

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  17. Re:Finally, at long last by afedaken · · Score: 2, Informative

    Chicken.

    --
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  18. Large Backside ... by Archangel+Michael · · Score: 4, Funny

    "a hadrosaur's backside was about 25 percent larger than previously thought."

    So, its a J-Lo-asaur ?

    Or perhaps a Bodonkadonkasaur?

    --
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  19. Damage in sequence... by DrYak · · Score: 2, Interesting

    That would be theoretically hard.

    With the mosquitoes technique you'll find in the end several fragment of DNA per mosquitoe, with no way to know if they come from the same dino or if its contaminent from the mosquitoe.
    In the end you may have a very large library containing lots of sequence fragment. The building of this library would require a lot of money and time and won't have any direct benefit (= few would like to fund it).
    Then you would unleash bio informaticians to start mining the database, trying to sort the fragments and seeing which could fit which other.
    Only now could you get :
    - Comparison between the archeological fragment and modern sequence (Useful to understand how proteins evolved over time) ( - Warning, not fundie-compatible studies. May not get financed in conservative USA states)
    - Comparison of the fragments with already built phylogenetic modern trees (idem).

    But given then "fragment" nature of the database on one hand and due to the repetition and sequence similarity inside a single genome on the other hand, you may not have enough information to sort a complete genome or even sort the fragments across severl species.
    That why the fictional Jurassic Park book used a lot of sequence of modern day species to help align the fragments and patch the holes.
    As a comparison there an actual experiment that picked up a lot of sample of sea water and sequenced whatever it managed to find inside. We end up with a lot of fragments but not much help to know wich sequence comes from what specie. This database is very hard to interpret. A dinosaur mosquitoe database would be similarily complex.

    At least trying to find squences in fossilised soft tissue could make you believe that most of the few sequence you can manage to take out come from the same animal. But once again you'll get a lot of small sequence fragments that will be hard to put together.

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  20. Re:..and it will happen again. by jamstar7 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Cheney, Bush, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz and Condi, of course.

    --
    Understanding the scope of the problem is the first step on the path to true panic.
  21. MMMmmm! by Shuh · · Score: 2, Funny

    Tastes like chicken!

  22. New funding! by maciarc · · Score: 2, Funny

    In a related story, Harland Sanders, a spokesman for an unnamed company, said he would be presenting the University of Manchester Dept. of Paleontology with a one billion dollar donation for the study of the recently unearthed soft tissue fossil. "This is a very important find that must be studied without concern for cost." stated the honorary Colonel from Kentucky. "I mean, look at the size of those drumsticks!"

  23. Question does this mean.... by SandiConoverJones · · Score: 2, Funny

    Question does this mean that McRib is back?

  24. Re:Jurassic Park? by besalope · · Score: 2, Interesting

    1.) When cloning a sheep to give birth to itself, by putting a complete strand of its own DNA in its own egg cells in its own womb, we would have a one in several hundred chance of success. We don't know why, but the rest would be miscarriages, still births, or otherwise non-viable. The cloned animal would die early of old age, nobody knows why.
    The problem with using "adult" DNA would be all the "junk" DNA that gets mixed in. Every time you get sick, a little bit of the bacteria or virii's DNA gets spliced into your own. Another issue is the timing of when certain genes are activated and deactivated in the initial construction phases (going from zygote to full embryo and then fetus). We know why the clones are dying, we just don't know how to stop it yet.

    3.) DNA is relatively unstable. I doesn't survive completely intact for 65 million years no matter how you preserve it.
    Correct. It's estimated human DNA can last roughly 250 years and remain relatively intact. Afterwards it begins to deteriorate. I'm unsure of whether the synthetic telomerase treatments that are in their research phases will affect it, but 250 years could be the cap of human life expectancy.
  25. Shameless Futurama reference by LiquidMind · · Score: 2, Informative

    It didn't work out and they had to re-release Classic Mexico Which is why we'll market it as New Mexico. Then, when everyone hates it, we'll bring back Mexico Classic and make billions! (source)

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