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A Legal Analysis of the Sony BMG Rootkit Debacle

YIAAL writes "Two lawyers from the Berkeley Center for Law and Technology look at the Sony BMG Rootkit debacle: 'The Article first addresses the market-based rationales that likely influenced Sony BMG's deployment of these DRM systems and reveals that even the most charitable interpretation of Sony BMG's internal strategizing demonstrates a failure to adequately value security and privacy. After taking stock of the then-existing technological environment that both encouraged and enabled the distribution of these protection measures, the Article examines law, the third vector of influence on Sony BMG's decision to release flawed protection measures into the wild, and argues that existing doctrine in the fields of contract, intellectual property, and consumer protection law fails to adequately counter the technological and market forces that allowed a self-interested actor to inflict these harms on the public.' Yes, under 'even the most charitable interpretation' it was a lousy idea. The article also suggests some changes to the DMCA to protect consumers from this sort of intrusive, and security-undermining, technique in the future."

19 of 227 comments (clear)

  1. Nothing like... by ellenbee · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Good old greed..

    1. Re:Nothing like... by iminplaya · · Score: 3, Interesting

      They don't even care about money.

      Look at it this way. During the time you spend filling the tank in your H2, you will have made ten or twenty times the the money you will spend on the gas. You don't need to care about the money. It ended up being a pittance anyway. They effectively lost nothing. And consumers still flock to buy their stuff as fast as they can put it out. How much longer till someone discovers XCP v2.0? Rinse, repeat. v3...4...5 This won't stop until we vote their shills out of office and quit buying their "crappy" products, from them and from any other company in their portfolio.

      --
      What?
    2. Re:Nothing like... by Boycott+BMG · · Score: 3, Informative

      In fact Sony/BMG gets no money from electronics because they don't make electronics. Sony Corporation makes electronics. Sony/BMG is not Sony, that's why they have the "BMG" in their name. In case you were interested Sony/BMG was formed by the combination of spinoffs Sony Music and 'B'ertelsmann 'M'usic 'G'roup, with all of the higher ups from the Bertelsmann side. It is 50/50 owned by Sony and Bertelsmann.

  2. Its a moral issue. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    This shouldn't be about laws, its a moral issue.

    Laws don't and should not be the only guiding factor in the actions of people or corporations. It is not the case that anything specifically prevented by law is allowed. A person or corporation should also be a good citizen, and there are things you just should not do, such as inflict root kits on other people's computers.

    The question then is; how did somebody at Sony arrive at the conclusion that they should try to protect their IP right in this manner?

    Waas this a comittee decision where moral judgement went out the window in a corporate meeting? Or are people at Sony severely lacking personal moral judgement?

    I would like to know.

    1. Re:Its a moral issue. by arivanov · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The problem is that morals are specifically off the society book nowdays. Standalone (without religios tint) morals and how society functions are not something kids study in school or at home. At best they get a version which was skewed and slanted through the prism of their family religion. At worst they do not get anything. The situation is same all over US, UK and most of Europe. The rest of the world closely follows.

      Sigh... As usually Heinlein "Starship Troopers" is probably right. We need "History and Moral Philosophy" lessons in school. Though there is noone to teach them in the current generation.

      --
      Baker's Law: Misery no longer loves company. Nowadays it insists on it
      http://www.sigsegv.cx/
    2. Re:Its a moral issue. by phalse+phace · · Score: 4, Insightful

      "The question then is; how did somebody at Sony arrive at the conclusion that they should try to protect their IP right in this manner?"

      Seems like when it comes to protecting their a$$e$, they don't care about morals. Anything goes. It's sad to say, but it all comes down to the all mighty dollar for these companies/corporations.

      Then again, I'm a cynic.

    3. Re:Its a moral issue. by BlueStrat · · Score: 4, Interesting

      As much as I like that story, and its one of my all time favorite books, it starts with the premise that returning soldiers would essentially take over the world and everything would be wonderful thereafter. History has shown quite clearly that every time this occurs things go badly.

      Except that they don't become "Citizens" until *after* they have served, and are no longer in the military. History has indeed shown that when the military takes over the government, then yes, bad things happen. But that's not the system that was described. It was civilians who had *previously* served in the military. Even today, one of the qualifications that many people look for in their elected leaders is previous military service.

      History has shown that when citizens are ignorant of history, the means by which they both first gained and retain their freedoms, and by which their country remains free from attack, very bad things happen. Pearl Harbor happened because Japan saw that America after WW1 had shrunk their military to a fraction of its' previous strength, and the citizens and most of the government had a policy of isolationism and retreat from world conflict. Japan failed to take into account the American peoples' outrage and anger, and the sleeping industrial might America could bring to bear.

      The surest way to get robbed in a big city is to look and act like a victim. The surest way to start a war is to appear conquerable to other nations with acceptable losses. That's precisely what the people who advocate unilateral disarmament, and also those who preach disengagement when targeted by terrorists, fail to understand.

      As to the Sony/BMG rootkit incident, as long as the punishment for getting caught in bad corporate behavior is acceptable, expect to see such behavior repeated.

      Cheers!

      Strat

      --
      Progressivism (aka US 'Liberalism'): Ideas so good they need a police/surveillance-state to enforce.
    4. Re:Its a moral issue. by lareader · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Just a minor thing on Starship Troopers:
      Not all the people who volunteered for public service ended up as soldiers - they simply ended up doing what their society thought it needed and they had the ability to do.

      Heinlein actually wrote a bit about the "world" of Starship Troopers in Expanding Universe (in a retrospective on his literary career).
      At the time when the events in the book take place, quite a lot of people were needed as soldiers - but due to the way we people are wired (with tight-nit social groups as soldiers), soldiers were usually the last to stop serving in public and thus the last to actually get to vote.
      Yes, you didn't get the franchise until *after* you've stopped serving in that world.

      I do agree that the premise is shaky - but the idea of not giving everyone franchise just because they were 18 years old and alive was one of the ideas Heinlein was toying with in that book.
      Of course, he argued that clearly the founders of US of A never intended everyone to get the franchise either - his criterion were simply a bit more merit-based.

      In Expanding Universe he did mention that the idea of having stable people with a stake in maintaining a working society as a rather good idea, and goes on arguing for removing the franchise from men and giving it to women who have born children, as they have a personal reason for being interested in having a society that works... and makes a rather convincing argument of it.

      I can heartily recommend Expanding Universe if you are interested in what Heinlein said he was thinking when writing.
      As with all things written down, of course, you must consider the source - but I got a lot of amusement out of his writings, and like his meritocratic views personally.
      The book "Requiem" is also a good read, if a trifle sad at times - but it did contain his speeches at a few scifi conventions which I hadn't read - highly interesting for a person not born until the last years of the Red Scare.

      (Sorry for pushing Heinlein, but I really liked those books and they represent a very enlightening perspective on what Heinlein professed to believe.)

    5. Re:Its a moral issue. by Frater+219 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The question then is; how did somebody at Sony arrive at the conclusion that they should try to protect their IP right in this manner?

      This is probably not best discussed in terms of "protecting IP rights" but rather in terms of:

      1. Individual decision-makers in the organization trying to protect their own personal interests (cover your ass, look busy, do something!);
      2. An interest in seizing control (squatting, adverse possession, invasion) of the user's desktop, in order to use that as a foothold to greater control over the medium;
      3. High-pressure and deceptive sales tactics by the spyware makers.

      Someone at Sony was charged with "doing something" and "making the piracy problem go away". They were desperate. They also wanted something to show for their efforts, namely, an ability to exercise power on user desktops. (Recall, the copyright terrorists have long wanted "self-help" capabilities that amount to sabotaging users' property at will.)

      Spyware must have seemed like a perfect solution: it doesn't just "do something" about the pirates, it accomplishes a long-standing goal of seizing greater control of the medium. It is not at all about "IP rights"; it's about power -- in this case, about ripping power out of the users' hands.

  3. Precedent. by Raindance · · Score: 4, Interesting
    It was a push on legal norms. The recording industry has done it before, and more successfully.

    A quote from Lessig's Free Culture:

    After Vivendi purchased MP3.com, Vivendi turned around and filed a malpractice lawsuit against the lawyers who had advised it that they had a good faith claim that the service they wanted to offer would be considered legal under copyright law. This lawsuit alleged that it should have been obvious that the courts would find this behavior illegal; therefore, this lawsuit sought to punish any lawyer who had dared to suggest that the law was less restrictive than the labels demanded.


    Legal norms are not just about judicial precedent.
  4. Auto-run is evil by 0123456 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Of course this would be a non-issue if Windows didn't automatically run software when you put a CD in the drive; this is just another reason why auto-run is an insanely bad idea.

    1. Re:Auto-run is evil by RuBLed · · Score: 3, Informative

      say bye bye to autorun.inf...

      One quick trick prevents Autorun attacks

  5. I'll try one more time by zappepcs · · Score: 5, Funny

    Can we please get an Icon that has a foot and a handgun?

  6. what their saying (reformated better) by Simonetta · · Score: 4, Interesting

    ...the market-based rationales that likely influenced Sony BMG's deployment of these DRM systems...
      That's pretty simple. They thought that there was a vast network of 13-year-old superhackers that were going to destroy the company by sharing files of music recordings. Then some schmuck (names? anyone who knows?) in the firmware special projects department told some marketing manager that he knew how to keep 13-year-old superhackers from copying music from CDs by simply adding a little piece of code. ...demonstrates a failure to adequately value security and privacy.
      The only security and privacy that they care about is their own. These concepts don't exist for people who are not executives in the company. Especially customers.

    ... then-existing technological environment that both encouraged and enabled the distribution of these protection measures...
      "Since we own the music on the disk that is placed into a computer CD drive, we, by the simple and obvious extension of corporate logic, thereby own the computer and all of the data inside it." If you want to become a corporate executive, you need to start thinking like one. ... flawed protection measures...
      If it keeps ordinary people from copying stupid pop songs from our CDs, then it is not flawed. If it destroys or corrupts the data on user's PC, we don't care. Serves them right as they are supposed to only be listening to CDs on a real Sony CD player. After all, we invented the CD so we can set the terms on its use. ... contract, intellectual property, and consumer protection law... ...is whatever the hell Sony's legal department says it is. And we have many, many millions of dollars, euro, UK pounds, or yen to prove it. Without the cash, talk is trash.

    ... Yes, under 'even the most charitable interpretation' it was a lousy idea...
    Next year's rootkit software will work. And the first thing that it will do is send your name and address to our lawyer's office who will prepare a standardized form charging you with theft of intellectual property (which is some illiterate junkie thug under Sony corporate contract moaning 'baby, baby, baby' over and over). Our bot software will then serve this to anyone who puts a Sony music CD into any device with internet access (unless, of course, the device is a $999 Sony model DRM-XKE CD player with hi-def 2-inch LCD screen and wireless internet access). After all, we invented the CD so we can set the terms on its use.

    suggests some changes to the DMCA ...
        The only changes that our legal department will allow the US politicians to pass will be ones that increase the criminal penalties for possession of music. This will happen when Sony completes its corporate merger with Wackenhut and CCA and completes the vast network of corporate prisons being built in distant lands. These will be needed to hold the vast number of unemployed former American college students who not only illegally listened to music, but also fell behind on their student loan payments.

    1. Re:what their saying (reformated better) by mpe · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The only security and privacy that they care about is their own. These concepts don't exist for people who are not executives in the company. Especially customers.

      Add "copyrights" to the list. Since there are several cases showing how little the "entertainments" industry cares about other people's copyrights.

      The only changes that our legal department will allow the US politicians to pass will be ones that increase the criminal penalties for possession of music.

      Unless someone can get the changes sneaked past. e.g. something tacked onto the end on an anti-terrorism bill :)

  7. Re:Left hand, meet right hand by otomo_1001 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    And now meet what I like to call handcuffs.

    An easy solution to this problem, and it would only take a few instances, would be to seize all assets of the company in question and begin prosecution. If corporations are damn near treated like real humans, then let them see the other side of the coin. Make every failure in process hurt them where it matters, I guarantee we won't have this happen again. Or we end up with less corporations willing to "risk" product release in the US.

    As it stands companies can seemingly get away with whatever they want to protect their business model.

  8. Remember Sony/BMG and Sony Corp aren't the same by Boycott+BMG · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The rootkit was put on those CDs by Sony/BMG, which is a separate entity that is 50/50 owned by Sony and Bertelsmann (BMG stands for Bertelsmann Music Group). Furthermore, the people at the top, who make all of the important decisions are all from the BMG side. So, if either company is more to blame, it is Bertelsmann. Does this mean you should boycott Bertelsmann? It does seem a bit silly to boycott Random House (major book publisher and Bertelsmann subsidiary) over what happened to some music CDs, and yet that is what some are doing w.r.t. Sony Vaio, Sony cameras, etc. My suggestion would be to boycott the product that Sony/BMG puts out-their music CDs.

  9. Minor correction by Nursie · · Score: 4, Insightful

    "Even today, one of the qualifications that many people look for in their elected leaders is previous military service."

    "Even today, one of the qualifications that many people IN THE USA look for in their elected leaders is previous military service."

    The US has a weird, hyper-patriotic society that a lot of Europeans find bizarre, brainwashing and militaristic.

    And only giving the franchise to people who have previously served in the military? Screw you! What gives you the right to decide that? What gives those citizens the right to decide how everyone else gets to live? Nothing whatsoever.

    1. Re:Minor correction by BlueStrat · · Score: 3, Insightful

      "It's the USAs' military might that saved Europe in WW1 and WW2"

      That's a subject for debate, not proclamation...


      I think Britain, France and Italy might might disagree. Without the USA's support, Britain would have been invaded by the Nazis. France and Italy were liberated.

      And people are proposing it as a good model and a natural one. It's not, it's only in the US that the military are seen as some sort of gods.

      I don't know whose post you're responding to here. I said nothing about anyone being gods nor does anyone I know in the USA think of the military in that way or even close. Nor was I seriously proposing the Starship Troopers society as an actual model. Just the un-arguable fact that a weak military invites attack from others that have expansionist aims.

      Cheers!

      Strat

      --
      Progressivism (aka US 'Liberalism'): Ideas so good they need a police/surveillance-state to enforce.