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What is Fair Use in the Digital Age?
Hugh Pickens writes "General counsel for NBC Rick Cotton and Tim Wu, professor at Columbia Law school, continue their debate about copyright issues and technology on Saul Hansell's blog at the New York Times discussing Fair Use of commercial music and video as the raw materials for new creations. Cotton says that content protection on the broadband internet is really not a debate about fair use The fact that users can 'take three or four movies and splice together their favorite action scenes and post them online does not mean that these uses are fair. There needs to be something more — something that truly injects some degree of original contribution from the maker other than just the assembly of unchanged copies of different copyrighted works.' Wu's position is that 'it is time to recognize a simpler principle for fair use: work that adds to the value of the original, as opposed to substituting for the original, is fair use. This simple concept would bring much clarity to the problems of secondary authorship on the web.' This is a continuation of the previous discussion on copy protection."
If i've purchased a song, i should be able to use it anywhere,on anything and at anytime of my choosing for personal use, and i should be able to exchange my license to use this music with anyone else for a swap or money exactly like any other 2nd hand market.
If you mod me down, I will become more powerful than you can imagine....
From the article:While his point is that fair use is more of a privilege than a right, I think there's a much different interpretation of what he's saying that is important to consider.
He's absolutely correct that fair use isn't a right, it's an exception. But it's an exception to the rights of the copyright holder. And this distinction is important because it underscores how entertainment companies misrepresent copyright. Rather than copyright defining the few excepted uses allowed to people/entities who don't hold the copyright, it actually defines the few rights granted exclusively to the copyright holder.
And this is an important observation about the intent of copyright. Namely, that anything not explicitly granted to the copyright holder is permissible rather than forbidden. The big content producers would like copyright to be a limited set of things that we (those not producing the content) are allowed to do with their content, which they believe they own. But when defending our rights, it's important to remember that copyright is actually a limited set of things that we're not allowed to do and that content cannot be owned, only protected. And this is the principle that should be applied whenever something falls outside of what is explicitly stated in the Copyright Act...that everything not covered is allowed rather than forbidden.
"Don't blame me, I voted for Kodos!"
What about music that's written with the intent that it be used as a backdrop to something else, like a film score? The intended use of that music is to be incorporated into something else that adds a layer of creativity. If you say "any use that adds something to the work is fair use" then film scores effectively lose ALL protection. The original film, for which they are written, wouldn't have to pay royalties because it would be adding something and making "fair use" of it.
Same for stock photography and stock video providers -- their GOAL is to provide raw material as input into a larger work. They spend a lot of time and money shooting and editing stock. If you claim any use of their work is fair use (it's always incorporated into a larger whole, and often transformed along the way) then stock photographers and videographers can't get paid (all use is fair use--why pay for it) and might just stop producing stock material. It's a huge benefit to illustrators and designers to have stock photography and video available. (As an aside, some stock photographers create really good work)
How does he address the fact that some people design work with the hopes of being paid by producers who will assemble it into a larger whole, and that producers are glad to have designer's work available?