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Coolest University Tech Lab Projects in the Works

NW writes "While universities like MIT, Berkeley and CMU don't tend to shout as loudly about their latest tech innovations as do Google, Cisco and other big vendors, their results are no less impressive in what they could mean for faster, more secure and more useful networks, computers, etc. Here's a good roundup of 25 of them, from studies on putting T-Rays to use in computers to advancing wireless to the next level to outsmarting terrorists on the Web."

53 comments

  1. Skull by Ruie · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Of course, for now you need to wear a funky headband to make it work (the headband "uses laser diodes to send near-infrared light through the forehead at a relatively shallow depth â" only two to three centimeters â" to interact with the brain's frontal lobe," according to Tufts.)


    2-3 cm seems to be rather large, especially since it has to go through the skull - can anyone comment on this ?

    1. Re:Skull by timmarhy · · Score: 0

      if somthing goes 3cm into your forehead, it's significant. i'd be pretty hesitant about strapping anything to my head that messes with my brain directly.

      --
      If you mod me down, I will become more powerful than you can imagine....
    2. Re:Skull by evanbd · · Score: 4, Informative

      Step 1: Take generic TV / Stereo remote, complete with low power infrared LED (not even a laser).

      Step 2: Put hand over LED.

      Step 3: Place remote and hand directly in front of detector.

      Step 4: Observe that enough IR gets through your hand for the remote to work.

      Of course, I have no idea how much IR is needed to have an effect on the brain, or how well it propagates through your skull. But if the answers are "not much" and "more than zero" then this is plausible.

    3. Re:Skull by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Bring on the Tinfoil hats!!!

    4. Re:Skull by evwah · · Score: 2, Funny

      Step 5: cut a hole in the box

    5. Re:Skull by TapeCutter · · Score: 1

      Of course, this being Slashdot..." - IR is at the low end, UV is the high end.

      --
      And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
    6. Re:Skull by Grym · · Score: 2, Interesting

      2-3 cm seems to be rather large, especially since it has to go through the skull - can anyone comment on this ?

      I can believe it. In the area of the forehead they are discussing, there is a large hollow space known as the frontal sinus. Even a simple doctor's penlight (which is about as bright as a single LED) can be used medically in what's called "frontal sinus transillumination" to check for fluid or pus in this space. It seems quite reasonable that a much brighter light could penetrate enough to visualize even further.

      -Grym

  2. 55 saves gas by tirerim · · Score: 2, Informative

    Number 23 claims that driving more slowly due to cell phone use costs fuel. That's patently ridiculous -- on the highway, driving more slowly saves fuel, which is why highway speed limits were set to 55 during the last oil crisis. Driving while on the phone is still a bad idea, but not because you're going slower.

    1. Re:55 saves gas by GumphMaster · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Driving constantly at slower speed definitely saves fuel for the single vehicle. Driving with an erratic, typically slower, speed because you are not paying attention while on the phone will increase fuel consumption; accelerating on and off is wasteful. Further, traffic is not a single vehicle but an aggregate of many vehicles. In your phone induced daze, you are also slowing traffic around you, which then has to accelerate to jockey into position, overtake and regain highway speed; also wasteful.

      --
      Patent litigation: A doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction... in which everyone seems willing to push the button
    2. Re:55 saves gas by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Driving slower might have saved your 1972 Buick Skylark some gas, but driving 55 instead of 75 does little for new cars today.

      Just keep a steady speed.

      And if you really wanted to save gas you would demand that all cities re-design their traffic control systems to eliminate unneeded red light stops at night (main roads are always green, secondary roads are flashing red) and give up on the idea of comming to a complete stop. Stop signs are dumb in most cases - all thats needed is yield signs and strict following of the right of way combined with a general slowing that will allow you to stop if needed.

      If you elimiate the complete stop you will save much more gas (think of every car having the benifits of a hybrid here!!)

      And the next time you find your self at a read light where three of four directions are stopped with no one comming in the fourth open you window and yell "I'm mad as hell and I'm not going to take it anymore!"- then go throigh the light

    3. Re:55 saves gas by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      My experience with the old V8s was that keeping a steady pressure on the gas pedal such that the engine is in its "balanced state" was the best way to go for gas mileage. Trying to hold some of those at 55 was a total waste of gas as you were constantly either letting off the gas (even applying the brake in some cases) or giving it some gas. Many of these were balanced for the older higher or non-existant speed limits that were around before the Nationwide 55 forced speed limit by the Federal government.

      Generally back then I drove with respect to conditions present. IE traffic, weather and general road condition which also included location and type of road. The speed of the vehicle I allowed to vary as long as the engine continued its sweet "hum" indicating it was at its balance point. Most of the speed variation came from inclines and declines in the levelness of the highway and as long as traffic and road conditions permitted I didn't try to force it to go slower or faster, thus avoiding the variations in gas flow and RPMs as much as was practical.

      Back when could still get leaded gasoline, I have actually gotten better then 30MPG in a pickup with a 351 under the hood. Whereas that balance point on the pickup seemed to put it in the 65-75 range (on level ground) the Ford 351C in some cars, especially a 70 Mustang was a bit scarey at the speeds it seemed to find balance, unless you were in the wide open spaces like from West Texas through Arizona.

    4. Re:55 saves gas by eh2o · · Score: 1

      I get about 10% better fuel efficiency by using cruise control. Unfortunately it's only practical in light traffic.

    5. Re:55 saves gas by eh2o · · Score: 1

      Traffic circles are better! Stopping is obsolete technology.

    6. Re:55 saves gas by snarkh · · Score: 1

      Driving constantly at slower speed definitely saves fuel for the single vehicle.

      Slower than what? I doubt driving at 1mph would save much fuel.

    7. Re:55 saves gas by jmcnaught · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I think society would be best served by city planning that makes it easier and quicker to get around by walking, biking and mass transit than by car. Making it easier to drive around isn't the answer. In my city, the city council solves all transportation issues by widening roads to make room for more cars and adding new parking lots. Cities should be layed out so that nobody lives outside of walking distance from places to play, shop or catch a bus. Reduce the need for cars, and our neighbourhoods can have less pavement and more green space. Downtown the parking lots can be built up and reclaimed as productive spaces or turned into parks to play and relax. Cities with fewer cars would also be safer. I ride my bicycle every day, and almost every day I feel in danger from cars. Drunk drivers, drivers on their cell phones and hot shots that drive too fast can easily wipe me out with the smallest mistake. It should be safe for our children and pets to run around in the streets. Cars are ridiculous in general. Using machines with triple digit horsepower that weigh tonnes to move 100-200 pound people around. It's like using a jack hammer on finishing nails. And it's not as if anyone can claim ignorance to the impact of cars on the environment these days. We all know what's happening, and still so many of us place our hopes in hybrids and new fuel sources. The type of transition it would take to get all cars off of fossil fuels would take years, possibly decades. But just about every house has a bike in the basement or garage, and a decent brand new bike can be purchased for under $500. Myself, I'm all for reducing the speed limit inside cities. Make it 30 km/h. It would be foolish to get rid of all cars. They're still useful for moving stuff around in. But most of the driving these days is just for moving people and no stuff. Mostly single people driving the same routes every day to and from work. I don't have kids, but I don't understand how people can reconcile caring about their children's futures and driving their cars.

    8. Re:55 saves gas by imsabbel · · Score: 2, Informative

      Sadly, the aerodynamic laws have changed little lince 72.

      55 vs 75 makes an easy 10-15% difference in fuel consumption. Just try it out, both over a 10 or 20 km with cruise control.

      --
      HI O WISE PRINCE. WHT TOOK U SO DAM LONG?
    9. Re:55 saves gas by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not true. The best way to drive if you want to conserve fuel is like this:

      1) Always drive in the highest gear possible (i.e., with your engine's rpm as low as possible).
      2) Accelerate full power until you reach the maximum speed (that you're allowed to go or want to go).
      3) Stop accelerating and push the clutch, and let your inertia carry you.
      4) When you reach a certain minimum speed go back to step 2).

      Of course, this doesn't work for automatic gearboxen. And of course, it will also annoy other drivers, so whether it's actually useful in real life will often be another question. However, if you've got a car with a manual transmission, and if you're on a lonely stretch of road at night some time with noone else around, do give it a try; you'll be surprised by how little fuel you'll use.

    10. Re:55 saves gas by BKX · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Why do people always spout this crap? The most efficient speed will ALWAYS be the bottom speed of your top gear. In 90% of cars today this is, and likely always will be, 45-50 mph. Of course, this assumes you drive at a constant speed. Hypermilers will tell you that you should accelerate at 75% throttle (for most cars), in the manual recommended gear (automatics may require slightly less power or special tricks for correct upshifting) until you reach about 55mph. Then put in the clutch (or transmission into neutral) and coast until the bottom of your top gear. Then accelerate at 75% throttle to 55mph. Then coast again. Repeat. This the most effecient. Wind resistance prevents the most efficient speed from going higher than around 55mph, no matter what you do about gears.

    11. Re:55 saves gas by eh2o · · Score: 1

      I'm all in favor of the alternatives and I'm a regular bike-commuter, but I have to admit cars really are the ideal transport system. They are fast, safe, simple to operate, weather-proof, and form a true end-to-end system (especially important in urban areas). The weight and power don't seem absurd to me... if I'm going to step into a box moving at 75mph it better be a capable one.

      Anyways, in my estimation there are basically two problems -- 1) environmental factors, and 2) effect of human error in the control system (traffic jams, accidents, etc). The latter is solved easily enough by AI drivers, and the former is a bit of a logistical challenge but not impossible to solve given appropriate allocation of resources.

      With oil companies posting profits in excess of $100b and similar amounts going into the Iraq war, its hard not to realize that someone is profiting greatly right now by obstructing progress in this area. If that money was redirected into solving aforementioned problems I'm sure we would be well on the way to a solution by now.

    12. Re:55 saves gas by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Bullshit. Fuel consumption is a function of work performed. The two most significant pieces are rolling friction and air resistance. Air resistance dominates at high speeds, and pickups are not streamlined.

    13. Re:55 saves gas by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      all thats needed is yield signs and strict following of the right of way combined with a general slowing that will allow you to stop if needed. And requiring anybody to adequately follow rules and regulations without outside influence is doomed to failure. Most people seem to always be out for their own best interest. If they can ignore rules and save time, they will do it.
    14. Re:55 saves gas by BigBlueOx · · Score: 1

      The most efficient speed will ALWAYS be the bottom speed of your top gear.

      The actual research into MPG performance carried out by US government agencies with acronymic names and only vaguely remembered by old men such as myself and widely available in many interesting forms on many interesting interwebs found that the best gas mileage was achieved by driving a constant 30MPH. Not 20 or 25 or 32, gas mileage peaked at 30MPH.

      Mileage then slowly decreased as speed increased until 60MPH was hit whereupon the mileage plummeted and kept plummeting the faster you went. Therein being the justification for the national 55MPH speed limit of 1972.

      This result was independent of rear-axle gear ratios, transmission type or engine size. Bigger engines with lower gear ratios got worse mileage than smaller engines with higher ratios, but the mileage pattern was constant across the board; highest gas mileage was achieved at 30MPH.

      I have no idea if this result which was for carbureted engines with mechanical ignition systems still applies to electronically fuel injected computer controlled modern wussmobiles and get off my lawn you punks.

    15. Re:55 saves gas by Stibidor · · Score: 1

      Hear, hear! People need to figure out how to use cruise control, IMHO.

  3. T-Rays, cool! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It's funny that "terahertz rays" are somehow considered "not catchy". Thus, promoting their usage had to start with their re-branding as T-Rays, which has more in common with the T-Rex than the terahertz idea. It's part of the work of the scientist today to think of a Hollywood-like publicity poster and catchy phrases in order to get grants.

    1. Re:T-Rays, cool! by sweet_petunias_full_ · · Score: 4, Funny

      Well see, the thing with the T-rays is that if we can aim them towards the terrorists then hopefully we can "take a big bite out of crime" so to speak, or, if it's not like a T-Rex and it's more like a T-cell then at least we can cause them some sort of cancer. If we're lucky we'll give them a big whopping brain tumor and eventually our researchers will be able to outsmart them.

      Maybe not.

      --
      You can't send a takedown notice to an already printed newspaper.
    2. Re:T-Rays, cool! by Warbothong · · Score: 1

      The last T-* branded thing I heard about didn't turn out to be all that good...

    3. Re:T-Rays, cool! by Kingrames · · Score: 1

      At the very least, they'll save us from the velocirays.

      --
      If you can read this, I forgot to post anonymously.
  4. I can beat that... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    "The bulk of searches (80%) proved to be informational, with the other 20% split between navigational and transactional. The researchers used an algorithm that they say classified searches with a 74% accuracy rate. "

    I have a better algorithm that achieves 80% accuracy, verses their 74%....

        int QueryTypeClassifier(char *str)
        {
            return INFORMATIONAL;
        }

    I better starting working on the research paper before those conference deadlines hit.

    1. Re:I can beat that... by dookiesan · · Score: 1

      I thought this was a mistake in the article but there it is in the abstract (http://ist.psu.edu/faculty_pages/jjansen/academic/pubs/jansen_user_intent.pdf). Even a naive bayes model on a couple of predictors should have done better. Since the classes are imbalanced 74% could be a decent number if they are skilled at predicting the rare classes.

      If they considered a skill score, I don't know why they quoted the error rate in the abstract. The 80% number was based on automatic classification instead of the labeled data. It makes no sense to quote an estimate based on a shit classifier when you have labeled data. A bad automatic labelling on 100,000 samples is no better than a good labeling on 400.

    2. Re:I can beat that... by Spaceman+Spiff+II · · Score: 1

      Yeah, that's why I never get tested for rare diseases when I see the doctor.

      --
      I understand that life's not fair, just why is it never unfair in my favor?
    3. Re:I can beat that... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Funny, but since you're modded insightful: This makes the mistake that it is overall accuracy and not accuracy in each category that is important. Your algorithm misses every navigational and every transactional search. 100% miss rate in 2/3 of the categories is not good.

      On the other hand, consider what would happen if you randomly selected a search type according to the known probabilities. 8/10 times the search is informational and 8/10 times you get that correct. Similarly 1/10 time you're right 1/10 of the time for the other two cases, which gives a grand accuracy rate of 75%. My algorithm still beats theirs and has a better categorical miss rate than yours.

    4. Re:I can beat that... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Oh.. no: it's only 66%. Fie!

    5. Re:I can beat that... by nephari · · Score: 1

      I actually wrote the algorithm for that research, and I can assure you that it's much more complicated than that.

    6. Re:I can beat that... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I have no doubt it is, I was poking fun at the reporting, not your research. Unlike my proposed algorithm, your research has the capability in time to exceed 80% classification, whereas the joke program never will. In fact I am guessing your algorithm has greater accuracy than what was reported.

      Once upon a year I worked in a university research lab too. Now I am doing "really cool stuff" in industry which I can't talk about (gotta love NDA's).

  5. My favorite cool science project by davidwr · · Score: 1

    Anything involving liquid helium.

    --
    Knowledge is how to play a game, intelligence is how to win, wisdom is knowing what game to play.
  6. Due to lack of funding by sweet_petunias_full_ · · Score: 1

    It would appear from reading the fine article that, due to a lack of grants for this leading-edge research, the 25 projects have been cut and there are only 5 left.

    --
    You can't send a takedown notice to an already printed newspaper.
    1. Re:Due to lack of funding by dedalus2000 · · Score: 1

      They are just so advanced that each one represents five regular projects.

      --
      My keyboads not woking popely.
  7. Nail on the head by RAMMS+EIN · · Score: 3, Insightful

    "While universities like MIT, Berkeley and CMU don't tend to shout as loudly about their latest tech innovations as do Google, Cisco and other big vendors, their results are no less impressive in what they could mean for faster, more secure and more useful networks, computers, etc."

    I feel that hits the nail on the head. A lot of impressive innovations come out of universities, but it's the corporate world that makes most of the hype. Sometimes, they promote inventions that originally came from universities. Sometimes, they promote inferior technology to what already exists. But it's usually the hyped technology that wins. I think we should be paying more attention to university research.

    --
    Please correct me if I got my facts wrong.
    1. Re:Nail on the head by Hemogoblin · · Score: 1

      I agree, but your example also shows that we should be paying more attention to the hyping itself if we want the better technology to succeed. There are hundreds of examples where a better technology was skipped over, simply because it wasn't presented well. Remember, perception is everything.

    2. Re:Nail on the head by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      BS

      You see plenty of hype coming out of the Universities. They aren't shy about patting themselves on the back.

      There's got to be several releases a month out of MIT alone, just check the slashdot archives -- mind you most of them are nothing truly new.

    3. Re:Nail on the head by moosesocks · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Yes, but the OP's choice of universities is mildly amusing to say the least.

      MIT blows its own horn very loudly. Hell, they do a better job of marketing and hyping themselves than Apple do.

      The Media Lab might not produce a great deal of "legitimate" scientific output, but it does a fantastic job of capturing the imagination of the public.

      Their magazine also serves as a fantastic vehicle for bolstering their own reputation.

      This isn't all necessarily a bad thing, although you've got to acknowledge that most of the "top" universities owe much of reputations by shrewdly marketing themselves to the people providing the research grants.

      --
      -- If you try to fail and succeed, which have you done? - Uli's moose
    4. Re:Nail on the head by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I agree completely; there's a lot of good work done by a lot of good universities, but the only ones that get press (and that blow their own horns SO DAMNED LOUDLY) are MIT and the like, who seem to get written up in the media for even the most trivial work.

    5. Re:Nail on the head by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Is it just for innovations? Even when corporations donate, say 1 million to charity, they spend maybe 10 millions in advertising that donation.

  8. R&D are two different things by wintermute1974 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Generally:
    Universities do research.
    Corporations do design.

    You might be pleasantly distracted by the shiny toys that corporations make, but those toys rely on the knowledge gained in university labs.

    1. Re:R&D are two different things by lusiphur69 · · Score: 1

      Uh, the acronym is typically Research and Development. Loathe as I am to admit it, corporations do research too - just very focused on profit - there is no research for research's sake, no pure knowledge motive. It's all about profit.

      Increasingly this is how universities operate as well, as they become beholden to corporate interests to secure funding.

  9. IR by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    >Light [...] at the higher frequencies (near IR)
    I think it's called _infra_red. You might have meant higher wavelengths, although I still would like to see how well IR gets through rock.

    Wait, wait, it was a joke, right?

  10. how is it possible to put a date on public use by isaacaho · · Score: 0

    I have always wondered how anybody can put a date on when a new discovery will be in public use. There are usually still obstacles to overcome. How can they assume that they will be overcome and then actually put a time frame on it?

  11. Obcomments by argent · · Score: 1

    "All I want is users with frikken lasers on their heads!"

    And

    "I for one welcome our new mind-controlling laser overlords"

  12. false positives by icepick72 · · Score: 1
    7. Sniffing out insider threats
    If an individual suddenly stops communicating or socializing with others with whom they have previously had frequent contact, then the technology could alert investigators to such changes.


    It happens a lot when people become bored of Facebook or whatever the social platform du jour is. There will be many false positives in a digital environment, this being one of them.

  13. Re:I can beat that... MOD PARENT UP by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I lolled hard! Science is a wonderful thing, isn't it?

  14. Open source on bug patrol by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0


    24. Open source on bug patrol
    The trick is being able to quickly test interactions of up to six variables. The work stemmed from research into what really causes bugs in software. The researchers found that it is more often caused by problematic interactions between a few variables rather than a bunch even if a program, such as an e-commerce application, features hundreds of variables.


    Isn't that true simply because principles such as "information hiding" and "low coupling" are now applied in all serious software? We've also known for a long time now that global variables were harmful.

    Most interactions occur between six variables or less because these principles have the side effect of restricting the number of interactions between variables. Interactions with more than six variables would probably be more frequent in software that uses only global variables.

    So I fail to see what's really new from their research. Haven't they just "discovered" that applying good design principles leads to low coupling?