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Google Open Sources Its Data Interchange Format
A number of readers have noted Google's open sourcing of their internal data interchange format, called Protocol Buffers (here's the code and the doc). Google elevator statement for Protocol Buffers is "a language-neutral, platform-neutral, extensible way of serializing structured data for use in communications protocols, data storage, and more." It's the way data is formatted to move around inside of Google. Betanews spotlights some of Protocol Buffers' contrasts with XML and IDL, with which it is most comparable. Google's blogger claims, "And, yes, it is very fast — at least an order of magnitude faster than XML."
Google ads garbled the top level page entry for me.
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Spam (electronic)
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This article is about electronic spam. For other uses, see Spam.
An email box folder of spam messages.
An email box folder of spam messages.
Spamming is the abuse of electronic messaging systems to indiscriminately send unsolicited bulk messages. While the most widely recognized form of spam is e-mail spam, the term is applied to similar abuses in other media: instant messaging spam, Usenet newsgroup spam, Web search engine spam, spam in blogs, wiki spam, mobile phone messaging spam, Internet forum spam and junk fax transmissions.
Spamming remains economically viable because advertisers have no operating costs beyond the management of their mailing lists, and it is difficult to hold senders accountable for their mass mailings. Because the barrier to entry is so low, spammers are numerous, and the volume of unsolicited mail has become very high. The costs, such as lost productivity and fraud, are borne by the public and by Internet service providers, which have been forced to add extra capacity to cope with the deluge. Spamming is widely reviled, and has been the subject of legislation in many jurisdictions.[citation needed]
Persons who create electronic spam are called spammers.[1]
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Spamming in different media
o 1.1 E-mail spam
o 1.2 Instant Messaging and Chat Room spam
o 1.3 Chat spam
o 1.4 Newsgroup spam and forum spam
o 1.5 Mobile phone spam
o 1.6 Online game messaging spam
o 1.7 Spam targeting search engines (spamdexing)
o 1.8 Blog, wiki, and guestbook spam
o 1.9 Spam targeting video sharing sites
* 2 Noncommercial spam
* 3 Geographical origins of spams
* 4 History
o 4.1 Pre-Internet spam
o 4.2 Origin of the term "spam"
o 4.3 History of Internet "spam"
* 5 Trademark issues
* 6 Costs of spam
o 6.1 General costs of spam
* 7 In crime
* 8 Political issues
* 9 Court cases
o 9.1 United States
o 9.2 United Kingdom
* 10 References
* 11 Newsgroups
* 12 See also
o 12.1 History
* 13 External links
[edit] Spamming in different media
[edit] E-mail spam
Main article: E-mail spam
E-mail spam, also known as unsolicited bulk email (UBE) or unsolicited commercial email (UCE), is the practice of sending unwanted e-mail messages, frequently with commercial content, in large quantities to an indiscriminate set of reci
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Stupidity
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This article is missing citations or needs footnotes.
Using inline citations helps guard against copyright violations and factual inaccuracies. (February 2008)
Semi-protected
For the ska album, see Stupidity (album).
Stupidity (also called fatuity) is the property a person, action or belief instantiates by virtue of having or being indicative of low intelligence or poor learning abilities. Stupidity is distinct from irrationality because stupidity denotes an incapability or unwillingness to properly consider the relevant information. It is frequently used as a pejorative, and consequently has a negative connotation. The term has fallen out of favor in medical journals as it is seen as a generic term used to describe a wide variety of conditions.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
* 1 In politics
* 2 In comedy
* 3 Group stupidity
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links
In politics
Robert J. Sternberg notes that many politicians have acted in ways that were stupid despite indications of general intelligence[1] He argues that there is an inherent psychological drive causing some acts of stupidity.
In comedy
The fool or buffoon has been a central character in much comedy. Alford and Alford found that humor based on stupidity was prevelent in "more complex" societies as compared to some other forms of humor.[2] Some analysis of Shakespeare's comedy has found that his characters tend to hold mutually contradictory positions; because this implies a lack of careful analysis it indicates stupidity on their part.[3] Today there is a wide array of television shows that showcase stupidity such as The Simpsons.[4]
Group stupidity
In psychology, group stupidity is known as deindividuation in crowds, and can lead to behaviors usually not displayed outside the specific social situation. The behaviors are attributed to a variety of causes, including loss of self-identity, incentives to conform to group behavior, and other dynamics.[5]
See also
* Bounded rationality
* Darwin Awards
* Genius
* Ignorance
* Irrationality
* World Stupidity Awards
References
1. ^ Sternberg, Robert J. Why Smart People Can Be So Stupid. Yale University Press, 2003.
2. ^ Finnegan Alford; Richard Alford. A Holo-Cultural Study of Humor. Ethos 9(2), pg 149-164.
3. ^ N Frye. A Natural Perspective: The Development of Shakespearean Comedy and Romance. Columbia University Press, 1995.
4. ^ R Hobbs. The Simpsons Meet Mark Twain: Analyzing Popular Media Texts in the Classroom. The English Journal, 1998.
5. ^ Reicher, S.D., R. Spears, and T. Postmes. A Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Phenomena. European Review of Social Psychology 6, 1995.
External links
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:
Stupidity
* In praise of irrationality
* "Unskilled and unaware of it: How Difficulties in Recognizing One's Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments" The authors received the 2000 Ig Nobel Prize in psychology.
* The Power of Stupidity by Giancarlo Livraghi, a series of nine papers on the nature of human stupidity.
* Understanding Stupidity by James F Welles, Ph.D.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupidity"
Categories: Sociolog
For large sets, this will be our guide even unto death, for the LORD will work for each type of data it is applied to...
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Copyright infringement
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The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject.
Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page.
It has been suggested that Statutory damages for copyright infringement be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)
"Copyvio" redirects here. For the Wikipedia term, see Wikipedia:Copyvio.
The Cathach of St. Columba, a seventh century book of psalms. Tradition cited it as the book whose illicit transcription by Saint Columba in 560 AD led to the overturn of an Irish copyright ruling by force of arms.
The Cathach of St. Columba, a seventh century book of psalms. Tradition cited it as the book whose illicit transcription by Saint Columba in 560 AD led to the overturn of an Irish copyright ruling by force of arms.[1]
An advertisement for copyright and patent preparation services from 1906, when copyright registration formalities were still required in the US.
An advertisement for copyright and patent preparation services from 1906, when copyright registration formalities were still required in the US.
Copyright infringement (or copyright violation) is the unauthorized use of material that is covered by copyright law, in a manner that violates one of the copyright owner's exclusive rights, such as the right to reproduce or perform the copyrighted work, or to make derivative works.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 The term "piracy"
* 2 Examples of copyright infringement
* 3 Sample Troll
* 4 Worldwide collaboration to fight copyright infringement
* 5 Legality
o 5.1 The infringement suit in American law
+ 5.1.1 First element: establishing ownership of a valid copyright
+ 5.1.2 Second element: establishing actual copying
+ 5.1.3 Third element: establishing misappropriation
+ 5.1.4 Defenses to infringement
+ 5.1.5 Amendments to the 1976 Copyright Act
o 5.2 British law
+ 5.2.1 Criminal offences
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links
[edit] The term "piracy"
The practice of labeling the act of infringement as "piracy" actually predates copyright itself. Even prior to the 1709 enactment of the Statute of Anne, generally recognized as the first copyright law, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557 received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labeled pirates as early as 1603.[2]
For electronic and audio-visual media, unauthorized reproduction and distribution is occasionally referred to as piracy or theft (an early reference was made by Alfred Tennyson in the preface to his poem "The Lover's Tale" in 1879 where he mentions that sections of this work "have of late been mercilessly pirated").
APK quotes people (including myself) without context and should not be trusted. Just thought you should know.