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Earth and Moon From an Alien's Perspective
krygny writes "NASA's Deep Impact spacecraft (whose extended mission is called EPOXI) has created a video of the moon transiting Earth as seen from 31 million miles away. Scientists are using the video to develop techniques to study alien worlds. 'Our video shows some specific features that are important for observations of Earth-like planets orbiting other stars,' said Drake Deming of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center... 'A "sun glint'" can be seen in the movie, caused by light reflected from Earth's oceans, and similar glints to be observed from extrasolar planets could indicate alien oceans. Also, we used infrared light instead of the normal red light to make the color composite images, and that makes the land masses much more visible.'" Here are links to the two videos, one red-green-blue and the other infrared-green-blue.
.mov is QuickTime, which is old and not proprietary; I have a book here describing the format. However, that's just the container format; it's the codecs commonly used within QT these days that are proprietary.
And according to mplayer, the codecs used here are mp4v for video, and aac for audio. In other words, (tada!) MPEG.
>>You think things have changed much in 12 years?
>Yes. They've gotten much worse.
Maybe the big picture is worse, but I note that incoming freshmen at the university where I work, are
coming in quite strong with physics, chemistry, calculus, writing, and most even have good placement in
a second language. My local, small, unscientific sample indicates a strong high school system, turning
out students who are as well-prepared for university as we could ask for.
Are you seeing different results among graduating seniors?
-fb Everything not expressly forbidden is now mandatory.
Hi, ScienceTim here, from the EPOXI team. Let me correct some misconceptions. The purpose of this experiment is to make a measurement of the Earth's spectrum at low spectroscopic resolution that allows us to simulate what an observer would detect from outside the solar system. Although we have spatial resolution in this movie, our scientific results will be obtained by adding up all the light in each of our filters in order to explore the ability to deduce properties of the Earth in unresolved data (we actually have 7 filters, not just the 4 that we show, plus a near-IR spectrometer). This information can be used to evaluate the engineering requirements for future space missions that will have the actual purpose of detecting and characterizing extrasolar terrestrial planets. Such a mission will be able to collect very few photons, so it will be required to do its job with very limited information. Why not just simulate the Earth computationally, since we know a great deal about it? We do this, of course. Converting our detailed knowledge into an accurate simulation is not straightforward, however. Radiative-transfer techniques employ a variety of approximations, depending on the situation, and those approximations may require us to know something that would not be available for an actual extrasolar planet -- as an easy example, the pressure scale height is important for some methods. The EPOXI observation, and others like it that we acquired on earlier and later dates, provide an empirical test for those models. Once we have an empirically-tested model verified, we can apply the techniques from that model to the problem of modeling the apparent spectrum of nearly-Earthlike and not-at-all Earthlike terrestrial planets. Keep in mind that this measurement is an interesting and useful exercise in the value of empirical test, but it is not the primary mission element. Currently, the primary mission element is observations of stars with known planets, to investigate these systems more deeply. We will finish in another month or so. Then we cruise for about a year, then we have a close flyby of another comet, after which the mission will be over. We have lots of good stuff coming.