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New Type of Atomic Microscope On the Way

Iddo Genuth writes "Researchers at the Surface Science Laboratory at Universidad Autonoma de Madrid have created an ultrasmooth mirror that could be used to create a revolutionary new atomic microscope within the next several years. The new atomic microscope — using helium atoms for imaging — has the potential to provide the same resolution as existing electron microscopes but without many of the problems which have plagued them for years."

50 comments

  1. Wait.... aren't we out of helium? by zappepcs · · Score: 3, Interesting

    http://mailman.mcmaster.ca/mailman/private/cdn-nucl-l/0712/msg00004.html or did we find more to use in microscopes and other things, like balloons?

    1. Re:Wait.... aren't we out of helium? by pushing-robot · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Well, there's still lots of it underground, and higher prices usually lead to improved recovery methods.

      Or it could all be coming from the secret Fusion plants operated by Illuminati, Men in Black, and the Easter Bunny.

      --
      How can I believe you when you tell me what I don't want to hear?
    2. Re:Wait.... aren't we out of helium? by altek · · Score: 0, Redundant

      So how do I start buying up helium, today?

      --
      THE MAGIC WORDS ARE SQUEAMISH OSSIFRAGE
    3. Re:Wait.... aren't we out of helium? by lysergic.acid · · Score: 3, Funny

      i can see it now... millions of children sulking at birthday parties, lifeless balloons trailing behind them on the ground--like so many ball and chains.

      will somebody please thing of the children?

    4. Re:Wait.... aren't we out of helium? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      I use a tactic taught to me by squirrels. I steal helium balloons from children, shove them in my mouth and then try to stuff the gas in a hole I dug in the ground. I haven't tried to recover any yet, but I am certain this is the way to go.

    5. Re:Wait.... aren't we out of helium? by lysergic.acid · · Score: 2, Insightful

      how the hell is this flamebait? the moderator needs to get a sense of humor (or learn what flamebait is).

    6. Re:Wait.... aren't we out of helium? by tsa · · Score: 1, Troll

      Yes, and it isn't Troll either. It's a serious concern for many people. Grow up, moderators.

      --

      -- Cheers!

    7. Re:Wait.... aren't we out of helium? by evilviper · · Score: 4, Funny

      or did we find more to use in microscopes and other things, like balloons?

      Birthday parties and weddings are MUCH more exciting with hydrogen-filled balloons.

      --
      Slashdot gets worse every day... Pipedot: News for nerds, without the corporate slant
    8. Re:Wait.... aren't we out of helium? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      OK, time to start building fusion plants! We get electricity and the by-product is helium, so we get a nice 2-for-1 :D

      Now if we could only get the things producing more energy than the amount they spend...

    9. Re:Wait.... aren't we out of helium? by badkarmadayaccount · · Score: 1

      *pulls out lighter* I beg to differ.

      --
      I know tobacco is bad for you, so I smoke weed with crack.
    10. Re:Wait.... aren't we out of helium? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You must not think of excitement the same way I do...

  2. How unfortunate by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'm all for scientific progress, but I can't help but find it unfortunate that the key element to making this new microscope is helium

    seems like my voice will not sound like a chipmunk's even sooner if this becomes a popular standard

  3. Already done by Firehed · · Score: 4, Interesting

    My father has been working with Helium Ion Microscopes for a few years now - not the same as helium atoms of course, but the goals are the same (avoiding damage to the sample, improved resolution, firing a single concentrated beam of atoms instead of spewing electrons, etc). And they're... beta. Improving, but decidedly beta.

    --
    How are sites slashdotted when nobody reads TFAs?
    1. Re:Already done by malvidin · · Score: 5, Funny

      I thought that electron microscopes would be more beta, while helium ion microscopes would be more alpha.

    2. Re:Already done by kaneod · · Score: 2, Informative

      It's not already done at all - the techniques are quite distinct, they just have the word helium in them. All the work on helium ion microscopes I've seen uses ions well into the kV range. The resolution is definitely improved...but you're still firing things at a surface with thousands of times more energy than a chemical bond, and helium ions have a lot more mass than electrons. What does spewing electrons even mean anyway? They get focussed the same way as helium ions, after all...
      The neutral atom microscope projects work with beams in the meV (that's *milli* eV) range. The atoms rebound a few angstroms from the 'surface', the beam is produced using a supersonic free jet expansion, the focussing is done differently...it's a completely different microscopy technique.

    3. Re:Already done by deglr6328 · · Score: 1

      I tip my hat sir!

      --
      - "Hear that?! The percolations are imminent! Cease your ingress!"
    4. Re:Already done by i_liek_turtles · · Score: 1

      I hear there will be Google Microscope soon.

    5. Re:Already done by deglr6328 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Presumably then this new meV He microscope will use neutral atoms? If so, I don't understand how they could image a surface at very high resolution. I know the corresponding DeBroglie wavelength of a beam of He must be very small indeed, but the actual physical size of the He atoms surely must be larger than the current sub-angstrom limit of monochromatic spherical-abberation corrected e microscopes no? So then what am I missing? What's the benefit here. You seem clueful, can you or the parent tell us more about this new low energy He beam stuff?

      --
      - "Hear that?! The percolations are imminent! Cease your ingress!"
    6. Re:Already done by kaneod · · Score: 5, Informative

      Yep, the idea is to use neutral atoms. Actually people tend to get a bit hung up on the resolution issue - it is true that it is an absolute pain to both focus and detect neutral helium, and other microscopies offer better ultimate resolution.
      However, what things like helium ion microscopy and scanning electron microscopy don't offer is absolute surface sensitivity, with almost no damage. An SEM can only be used with conducting samples (yes, you can gold or graphite coat stuff but if you're interested in the surface you're still stuffed) and the beam penetrates a good 30-100 atomic layers so the *surface* resolution is quite limited. Helium ion microscopy is better in that regard but still penetrates quite a few atomic layers and will still damage the surface.
      In short, if you're interested in delicate or reactive surfaces, neutral helium is probably the only way to go. The initial resolution won't be great (I believe they're still aiming initially for sub-optical, rather than atomic ;o) ) but that's not really the point.

    7. Re:Already done by deglr6328 · · Score: 2

      I seeeeee! many thanks.

      --
      - "Hear that?! The percolations are imminent! Cease your ingress!"
    8. Re:Already done by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You are a comedic genius! Best /. post in weeks!

    9. Re:Already done by whatme · · Score: 1

      Yes, and it will be featured in a new extension called "Google Inner Earth".

    10. Re:Already done by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why? I don't get it.

    11. Re:Already done by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      Why? I don't get it.

      Because of this:

      I thought that electron microscopes would be more beta, while helium ion microscopes would be more alpha.

      That was one of the most funny /. postings, indeed.

    12. Re:Already done by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So, a little wordplay there. That's funny. One of the most funniest Slashdot postings? I'm not so sure.

    13. Re:Already done by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      One of the most funniest Slashdot postings? I'm not so sure.

      I didn't saiest there were veriest few most funniest Slashdot postings ...

  4. Atomic Microscopes: An Abomination unto G-d? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: -1, Flamebait

    This is what it would be like, if the majority of people were athiests.
    ATHIEST KID: Mom, I'm going to go fuck a hooker.
    ATHIEST MOM: Okay, son.
    ATHIEST KID: Afterwards, I'm going to go smoke pot with my friends, since it's "not addictive."
    ATHIEST MOM: Okay, come home soon!

    The athiest kid leaves the room. The father comes home from work several minutes later.

    ATHIEST DAD: Hey!
    ATHIEST MOM: Hi, honey! I'm pregnant again. I guess I'll just get another abortion, since "fetuses don't count as human life."
    ATHIEST DAD: Okay, get as many abortions as you want!
    ATHIEST MOM: Oh, and don't go in the bedroom.
    ATHIEST DAD: Why not?
    ATHIEST MOM: There are two gay men fucking eachother in there.
    ATHIEST DAD: Why are they here?
    ATHIEST MOM: I wanted to watch them do it for awhile. They just aren't finished yet.
    ATHIEST DAD: Okay, that's fine with me!

    Suddenly, their neighbor runs into the house.

    ATHIEST NEIGHBOR: Come quick, there's a Christian outside!
    ATHIEST MOM: We'll be right there!

    The athiest couple quickly put on a pair of black robes and hoods. They then exit the house, and run into the street, where a Christian is nailed to a large, wooden X. He is being burned alive. A crowd of athiests stand around him, all wearing black robes and hoods.

    RANDOM ATHIEST: Damn you, Christian! We hate you! We claim to be tolerant of all religions. But we really hate your's! That's because we athiests are hypocritical like that! Die, Christian!

    THE END

    Scary, isn't it?

    1. Re:Atomic Microscopes: An Abomination unto G-d? by Normal+Dan · · Score: 2, Funny

      I like your optimistic point of view. Like you, I too hope one day this can become a reality. Everyone getting along and not being afraid to be who they are. That would be so nice.

      *sigh* one can only dream...

      --
      A unique way to learn a language: http://languageloom.com
    2. Re:Atomic Microscopes: An Abomination unto G-d? by religious+freak · · Score: 0, Troll

      hehe, pretty awesome job whoever you are. One of the few offtopic, trollish ACs that manage to get regular responses to the posts.

      You're gonna have to get some new material soon though - I've seen this a bunch of threads now.

      Maybe you can do a sequel of "what if the majority of people were Muslim" or "what if the majority of people were Ass Clowns that like to post repetitive shit on /. articles". I'm sure there are many more options... I sure do prefer these to the shit eating posts.

      --
      If you can read this... 01110101 01110010 00100000 01100001 00100000 01100111 01100101 01100101 01101011
    3. Re:Atomic Microscopes: An Abomination unto G-d? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Funny

      RANDOM CHRISTIAN: Jesus told us to love one another, and we do love everyone... except for jews, blacks, chinese, gays, lesbians, catholics, muslims, communists, mexicans, europeans, the french, elitists, plus a random sampling of at least 50% of the rest of the world.

      ANOTHER RANDOM CHRISTIAN: Yeah, right on, we're proud to be ignorant!

      YET ANOTHER RANDOM CHRISTIAN: Yes, we won't be happy until the entire world is forced to think the way we think. We'll shove christianity down everyone's throats whether they want it or not, after all it's our duty to "save" them.

      RANDOM CHRISTIAN: Amen brother. George Orwell would be proud. Franz Kafka would be proud. We will realize their most henious nightmares and preach that as gospel. Let the rapture begin.

      ANOTHER RANDOM CHRISTIAN: George who?

    4. Re:Atomic Microscopes: An Abomination unto G-d? by Deadstick · · Score: 1

      There can only be one athiest. Some people are athy, some are athier, but only one can be the athiest.

      rj

    5. Re:Atomic Microscopes: An Abomination unto G-d? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How is this not Troll? Or is an athiest something I don't know about and not just a stupid misspelling of atheist?

  5. too small by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I like my microscopes made out of several billion atoms thank you very much.

  6. With this atomic microscope by Anonymous Coward · · Score: -1, Troll

    With this atomic microscope you can finally see your penises you fuckin nerds!! HAHAHAHAHAHA!!

  7. I did this 14 years ago by Auckerman · · Score: 3, Informative

    This isn't a new type of microscope, this is actually kind of old. I was working in a lab doing this as an undergrad in 94. It really only works with very smooth (as in atomic level smooth) crystalline structures. You can build 3-d data, that's for sure, but only by growing them and watching them build as you shoot helium at it (via rotating the mirror and watching the diffraction). Purely surface chemistry "simple" crystals. Unless for things like protein structures, where X-ray is the way to go.

    What these guys did was merely figure out a way to reflect helium better, so you get more exact data the first time around, rather than having to run the same test over and over and doing averages to get rid of the noise. Good for science, sure, but hardly a new microscope.

    --

    Burn Hollywood Burn
    1. Re:I did this 14 years ago by kaneod · · Score: 1

      *sigh* Yes, the madrid group is a reciprocal-space-using helium atom scattering group. The lead surface they've made is for real-space imaging using one of the several helium *microscopes* being developed in the EU.

      Same beam source, different technique.

  8. Does this mean by i_liek_turtles · · Score: 3, Funny

    ...that the bacteria will have high-pitched voices?

    1. Re:Does this mean by Yoozer · · Score: 1

      Mirror mirror on the wall, who's the prettiest virus of them all?

    2. Re:Does this mean by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "That blond one."
      "They are all blond? Well that one with the high voice."

      "OH COME ON!"

  9. Google SPYING on you, but do YOU care ?? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: -1, Offtopic

    When Google said it would limit the length of time it kept records on people, privacy advocates thought this was a step in the right direction. That the public puts up with any tracking whatsoever amazes me.

    In the news this week, AT&T and Verizon said they won't track users unless users want to be tracked. I found this paragraph in this Washington Post article to be the best summary, and also quite revealing:

    Companies have built an array of techniques to record the actions of users as they move across the Internet--namely tracking "cookies," "beacons," and "deep packet inspection," which essentially looks at every packet of information delivered on an Internet line. Those tactics allow companies to record what Web sites customers visit, what products they purchase, even what newspaper articles they read. Advertisers use this information to determine what ads to deliver to that person's computer.

    And of course, this information would be quite useful in a police state or to merely curb dissent. The potential for abuse alone should have the public up in arms.

    But we know what this information is actually used for--selling crap--and it seems as if the docile public is happy with this sort of thing. I say that because the marketing folks who dream up these schemes are also members of the public and seem content to be tracked like a dog.

    The fact is, the whole system was put in place to find a way to sell you sketchy products that probably wouldn't be advertised at all under normal circumstances. My wife describes it best: "To sell us more junk we don't need."

    The holy grail of advertising is to deliver a targeted message to a specific person for a specific product that that person might buy, or would definitely be a customer for. Originally, this sort of targeting was institutionalized by demographic marketing. Advertisers discovered that various neighborhoods based on location and property values would contain more people of a certain taste or income level to which they could target ads. In other words, you sell more Cadillacs in the high-rent district.

    Then came the notion of psychographics, which was perfected by the direct-marketing business. This idea posits that knowing where you live is important, but not as important as knowing about you as a person. Soon huge database companies came along selling mailing lists of people who subscribed to, say, a combination of Good Housekeeping, Modern Bride, and Guns & Ammo. They could be targeted, for something like gun locks to protect the new family.

    This sort of targeted marketing was the most cost-effective way to get a message to someone who would more likely than not be interested in a specific product. As the cost of marketing increased, this became more and more important. And while spam showed the way to very cost-effective marketing, targeted marketing was still the best way for getting your message to the right person.

    Unfortunately, at some point--which was passed years ago--these practices became so intrusive as to impinge on personal privacy. And while some individuals have said there's no such thing as privacy anymore, this is only because the public isn't demanding privacy.

    It sounds good on paper to argue, "What difference does gathering one bit of data make if you're doing nothing wrong?" But if our privacy is violated, we're open to truly invasive ridicule. Does the head of the Democratic Party in some town want anyone to know he or she loves Rush Limbaugh or even listens to talk radio? Do you want the whole world to know that when you drink milk you fart uncontrollably in public? Do you want your boss to know that you have six toes? Do you want everyone to know that you have hemorrhoids? I mean, really.

    Privacy has nothing to do with illegal activities that you want to hide. It's about the "none of your friggin' business" principle of life. And nobody needs Google--or anyone else for that matter--taking all of our surfing records, habits, and personal information and analyzing it to death to make an onerous dossier just to sell us more crap we don't need. It's not healthy for the society and should be abolished.

    So abolish it already!

  10. Pardon my ignorance but... by kmarshallbanana · · Score: 3, Interesting

    What exactly are the problems that have plagued electron microscopes for years?

    1. Re:Pardon my ignorance but... by upside · · Score: 3, Informative

      Ignorance is OK. Not reading the article before posting is ... Slashdot.

      Here, let me help you:

      The high speed electrons used in the electron microscope <nah nah nah> making it difficult to get accurate results and impossible to repeat tests.

      --
      I'm sorry if I haven't offended anyone
    2. Re:Pardon my ignorance but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Near as I can tell this will actually be useless for biological imaging. The most common use of high resolution ( >10nm resolution ) transmission electron microscopy in biology is for imaging proteins or cell samples. The images provide information on density changes in the sample along the electron path and so structural information can be calculated.

      But the catch is that the sample needs to be preserved because cells/proteins are very sensitive (not just to the e- beam, but also just to the environment). The common preservation techniques are to either embed them in a heavy metal (usually Uranium or Tungsten) salts (high contrast, low resolution), or in a thin layer of unordered vitreous ice (low contrast, high resolution). In either case, the surface of the object inside the microscope column is no longer the surface of the sample of interest.

      Current biological scanning electron microscopy (for surface imaging) is only good for larger samples (at the cell level or higher, and usually have a conductive coating).

      This new He microscope will increase the resolution of the surface, but will apparently not penetrate into the interior. So high resolution imaging of preserved biological samples will not work (and non preserved samples will just be destroyed by exposure to the air or vacuum).

    3. Re:Pardon my ignorance but... by DynaSoar · · Score: 1

      Ignorance is OK. Not reading the article before posting is ... Slashdot.

      Here, let me help you:

      The high speed electrons used in the electron microscope <nah nah nah> making it difficult to get accurate results and impossible to repeat tests.

      This begs the question as to how they intend to accelerate the helium. If by charge, they're working with ions, and they're effectively bombarding the target with alpha particles instead of beta particles. Hardly an improvement.

      If by pressure, they've got neutral Helium to work with, but they'll need some serious Discworldesque mojo going on to suppress turbulence from the output as well as from the mirror. A neutral atom detector of sufficient resolution and a workable neutral atom focusing mechanism that prevents interference (within localized high pressure) would require similar mojo.

      The forms of mojo even remotely possible for neutral atoms (ie. not charge) using foreseeable technology are spin and inertia/mass. The latter solution would be easier if they could decouple inertia and mass. If they did, they'd have invented inertialess acceleration. I hope I'm missing some fundamental part of their design, because my limited knowledge presents me with about 0.5 Milliways (3 impossible things before breakfast). Simply having an object that allows 2/3 of a Helium stream to bounce off of it (and no word on maintaining collimation) solves nothing.

      --
      "I may be synthetic, but I'm not stupid." -- Bishop 341-B
  11. Sweet by mqduck · · Score: 3, Funny

    has the potential to provide the same resolution as existing electron microscopes but without many of the problems which have plagued them for years

    YES! Finally!!!

    --
    Property is theft.
  12. Missing tag by CSLarsen · · Score: 1

    ultrasmooth

    --
    Claiming to be pedantic on Slashdot is asking for trouble
  13. high quality reportingses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "The silicon crystal is approximately 50 microns thick with a layer of lead; that's a mere 1-2 nanometers thick."

    Apparently not as thick as the layer of lead in the writer's brain.

  14. Cambridge Group Has Better Description by kandela · · Score: 2, Informative

    The group working at Cambridge has a detailed description: http://www-sp.phy.cam.ac.uk/research/mirror.php3 I was a little surprised to read this as being new. Although the He microscope, as it is envisioned, has not yet been built, the Cambridge group has been working on the idea for a while. I'm not sure how much of an improvement the techniques of the group in the story are - for producing flat mirrors - than what is already being used at Cambridge. The Si surfaces they use are already pretty flat. As far as I understood it the most critical area for development was the detector.

    --
    Conservation of angular momentum makes the world go round.
  15. No time like the present by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    Can we burn this one?

    Jack Thompson
    5721 Riviera Dr
    Coral Gables FL 33146
    305-666-4366
    amendmentone@comcast.net

  16. Atomic Microscope? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Just blow it up to make it bigger. It's much easier.