CCC Create a Rogue CA Certificate

t3rmin4t0r writes "Just when you were breathing easy about Kaminsky, DNS and the word hijacking, by repeating the word SSL in your head, the hackers at CCC were busy at work making a hash of SSL certificate security. Here's the scoop on how they set up their own rogue CA, by (from what I can figure) reversing the hash and engineering a collision up in MD5 space. Until now, MD5 collisions have been ignored because nobody would put in that much effort to create a useful dummy file, but a CA certificate for phishing seems juicy enough to be fodder for the botnets now."

Comments

A nice piece of work

[Animats]

That's a nice piece of work. I'm very impressed.

Practical conclusions:

• The weakest trusted CA in the world compromises the entire public key infrastructure. What they've been able to do is not just create a phony SSL cert. They've been able to create a trusted but phony certificate authority root certificate which can be used to sign other certificates.
• MD5 has to go. The PKI infrastructure already supports SHA-2, which is considered better; MD5 is only there for legacy certs. So an upgrade doesn't require end-user browser changes; it can all be done by CAs and web sites.
• It's not that hard to do this attack, but it does take some resources. They used a farm of 200 Playstation 2 machines to attack MD5. This is well within the capabilities of, say, the Russian Business Network.
• RapidSSL and FreeSSL seem to be the current weakest points in the system. "Out of the 30,000 certificates we collected, about 9,000 were signed using MD5, and 97% of those were issued by RapidSSL." Worse, those two issuers issue certs with ascending non-random serial numbers, so that, with careful timing, they can be induced to issue a cert with a known bit pattern, which is required for this attack. Probably, RapidSSL and FreeSSL's trusted root cert should be pulled from IE and Netscape, and all certs from those sources re-issued using SHA-2 hashes.
• I don't think the RapidSSL and FreeSSL root certs are EV-enabled, so this specific attack probably can't be used to generate phony Extended Validation certs. Also, the EV standards require SHA-2 or better hashing, not MD5, which is more of a legacy hash algorithm. So the EV cert world is probably still secure.

Re:No weakness

[moderatorrater]

This is just to head off the inevitable screaming of "MD5 is broken for everything anyway!!!".

Why head that off when it's a perfectly valid criticism? MD5's been out of date for a few years now and it's been broken for nearly that long. Using MD5 eliminates the CA's credibility.

Re:Why trust the PKI?

[Reece400]

I know, what if they just installed secured computers which allow exclusive access to their system, in various locations throughout the country so there was always one near by!

They could even install cash dispensing devices to allow you to withdraw funds from your account, maybe call them Automated Teller Machines or something along those lines. Wow, I should totally patent this idea