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Website Security Without Breaking the Bank?
An anonymous reader writes "I do my own Web design and have a few websites — MySQL, PHP, CSS, HTML, that kind of thing. It's simple, amateur stuff, but I would love to have some reasonable ways to assess their security myself and patch the big holes, or possibly enlist someone to do 'white hat' work to assist me. I have absolutely no idea how to proceed. I don't want to get mired in a never-ending paranoia-fueled race to patch holes before the hackers find them, but on the other hand, I don't want my websites to look like Swiss cheese. Right now, I wouldn't know what kind of cheese they look like: Swiss, Havarti, or hard as Parmesan. How can I take reasonable steps to protect these websites myself? What books has the community found useful? What groups (if any) can offer me inexpensive white-hat hacking that won't end up costing me a first-born child? Or am I better off just waiting until a problem arises and then fixing it?"
What's the URL? ;)
You still need to do homework. I realized a while ago that I not only lack a good understanding of potential weaknesses in my sites, but I also lack the knowledge needed to actually do the forensic log analysis if I was to actually get exploited. Along the lines of the original post, what good introductory tools are there that relate to forensic log analysis?
"Proximity to wonder has blunted our perception and appreciation of it" --Tim Hartnell in 'Exploring ARTIFICIAL INTELLI
http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Main_Page
The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) has a Top 10 list, which lists the most serious web application vulnerabilities, discusses how to protect against them, and provides links to more information (http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Top_Ten_Project). This might be a good start.
http://127.0.0.1/
Enjoy.
Insert
It doesn't matter what you do after the fact to secure your web sites, if your scripting is full of holes, trying to plug them up after the fact isn't going to work. For example, you mention MySQL so I gather your code accesses one or more databases? If so do you know what a SQL injection bug is and have you reviewed your code for them? Nothing you do at the point of deployment is going to help fix a SQL injection bug.
I'm afraid that if you're using MySQL and PHP you've moved from the realm of the very basic to something more advanced. You're no longer just talking about slapping static content on the web. People spend years learning how to do these things really well. You should find yourself a good book and get started. Start with a Google. It costs nothing. If you have friends who do web development with similar tools talk to them and see if they'll help point you in the right direction.
Here are some things to get you started. Note that these are language independent things you should do no matter what dev tools you use. You might want to look at something more targetted for PHP as well.
https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/Top+10+Secure+Coding+Practices
Here's the main site.
https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/CERT+Secure+Coding+Standards
The other way to go would be to make your web files more static. However getting rid of everything dynamic may not be a reasonable option in 2009.
These posts express my own personal views, not those of my employer
I recommend mod_security and mod_evasive. A reverse proxy would help as well. The DoD and NSA have configuration guides that provide tips on securing Apache (as well as IIS).
It's possible to write secure code in PHP, but almost nobody does, and most of the PHP code that you can acquire easily is painfully insecure.
Writing secure code with PHP is no more harder than with Perl/Java/Ruby... same rules apply. I would even say nowadays it's extremely easy - use PDO with prepared queries, and you've pretty much eliminated SQL injections. Don't reinvent the wheel - for example Zend Framework is pretty cabable and done most of the work for you which you'd probably end up doing.
In a nutshell:
Validate your goddamned data. Use prepared queries to prevent SQL injections. And so on. The language used itself has very, very little to do with security in the end.
First and foremost, check and sanitize EVERY input passed via a $_POST or $_GET (and to be safe, check cookie inputs too).
Make SURE that none of them are in a format or contain data that you don't expect.
It is easier said than done, and it sucks major ass to do, but it's really the only way to be sure of what you are doing.
I just spent most of the last week tracking down an XSS exploit for a client, and it was a mother to find where to filter the input AND what to look for. SOME inputs needed SOME HTML tags to pass through, others required binary data, and still others needed integers.
My advice on new code is to check your inputs like crazy before assigning any submitted data to a variable. Then check the variables themselves.
Watch for hex encodings of HTML characters, and then watch for it again.
Then, after all that work, hope it works, then drink heavily.
I just got back from a PHP security class, here's a quick overview of what was covered:
- register_globals = off
- Use the Suhosin PHP hardening patch.
- Always filter all of your input for injection attempts. Write a validation class to handle this.
- Use prepared SQL statements, or stored procedures to help avoid sql injections
There are some pretty good articles out there that cover most of these points and more, just google for "PHP security". Take the time to read the articles, they're worth it.
It's really sad that more people don't pay attention to PHP security. The class I took was, as far as I know, the only commercial PHP security class offered in the US this year, and there were only 4 students in attendance.
The problem is that MOST sites that get 0wn3d are running phpbb or other very common and popular packages. They are getting better but they are still the most hacked because it's easy to identify what your site is using and then go and find the exploits for that site.
the SAFEST is typically custom code. and go NUTS on everything that comes from a user treating it like it's a bomb every time. It causes the kiddie to take a LOT of time to crack you, they typically move along for easier fields quite quickly. Back in the early 2000's I used to taunt the "crackers" and "kiddies" if you tried banging on my telnet or ssh door, you were actually banging on my taunt the L0ser door. It would insult the hell out of them and make them think their bot got in because it would give a successful login every time and then taunt the hell out of them and "logoff" I had a single little turd in chicago banging on me for a month until he got his buddies involved and they DDOS attacked my box with all of them trying to attack 120 bored kiddies can bring down a T1 fast, it lasted for 3 days. Funny part was 4 of them was doing it from home and when I personally called their parents all the attacks stopped. (They were on Comcast cable modems and I worked for Comcast at the time so I got the customer contact info quite easily.)
You more than likely do not have the resources I did, so dont provoke them. Taunting the lions is fun, but they now have an army of robots.
Step 1 look through you logs DAILY. 99.999782% of all website admins do not do this. Sorry but you cant spot strange things without going through logs. get a parser that makes it easier, but do it.
Step 2 learn to write secure php code and then write your sites scripts custom. Got a mailer for a contact us page? HARD CODE the to: address and get ready for the never ending fight to filter out spam.
Step 3 Backups.. never TRUST a backup you make from the site, your only real backup is the files you created and uploaded.
Step 4 review everything monthly go over stuff, look for broken or strange, go over all of it.. Look there's a wierd file in your ftp area.. how did that get there?
If you are running phpbb or drupal or other "popular" scripts you needto update them weekly. phpbb has patches all the time and MOST dont get applied by sites that get cracked.
Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.