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Judge Rules Games Are "Expressive Works"

There has been an ongoing legal battle over the past few years about how and when game makers can use the likenesses of football players without their permission. Former college football player Samuel Keller filed a class action suit in May against Electronic Arts for the publisher's use of NCAA players' information — including things like jersey number, height, weight, skin tone and hair style, but not names — to recreate actual teams within sports games. An earlier suit filed by NFL Hall-of-Famer Jim Brown brought up the fact that video games weren't even a consideration when contracts and licensing rights were negotiated in the '50s and '60s, yet many football players from that era (including Brown) are represented in the occasional sports game whether they like it or not. A ruling came down from a district court judge last Wednesday stating that video games are "expressive works, akin to an expressive painting that depicts celebrity athletes of past and present in a realistic sporting environment," and are thus protected under the First Amendment. Brown and fellow Hall-of-Famer Herb Adderley are now seeking to throw their support behind Keller's lawsuit.

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  1. No shit sherlock by aussie_a · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Of course they are.

    Its sad when we all applaud a judge actually making a good ruling. Shouldn't that simply be the assumed state of all rulings?

    1. Re:No shit sherlock by Kinky+Bass+Junk · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Why is this so obvious? Personally I would have counted video games as a commercial medium, the same as gift cards for example. They are made for the sole purpose of being sold and making as much money as possible. It is hard to count something as expression when it is made by hundreds of different people and controlled by a board of directors.

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    2. Re:No shit sherlock by unlametheweak · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Personally I would have counted video games as a commercial medium, the same as gift cards for example.

      Which is pretty much how Andy Warhol approached art. Business and art are not (necessarily) distinct from each other. Production line art can be just as entertaining, beautiful or thought provoking as something drawn in a scenic mountainside retreat.

    3. Re:No shit sherlock by stephanruby · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Saturday Night Live is a commercial medium. The Obama poster was being sold for profit. But you don't see Sarah Palin or Obama suing either party. Public figures are fair game, whether it's for profit, or not for profit.

    4. Re:No shit sherlock by fireball84513 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Well, i could think of a good reason why it would in fact be considered art, but what you have to really think of is why. why would it matter when they are not even using names. really they are just using info that could be found anywhere. it sounds to me that the lawsuit is just about money, and when it comes to suing just to earn an extra buck that you really don't deserve, you have to consider whether its better to follow the law to the T or to instead leave the money to those who have rightfully earned it.

      --
      "Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe." - Albert Einstein
    5. Re:No shit sherlock by smurphmeister · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Your analogy is close, but just a little off. If the movie marketed itself as having Natalie Portman starring, without her permission, then they are in trouble. If they used a digital likeness, but at no point said that it was Natalie Portman, then you've got the same situation as the games.

      In these games, they have nameless players, that just happen to look a lot like, play a lot like, and wear the same number as a real former/current player for that same team. This allows the hypocritical NCAA to license the game without breaking their own rules that players can't be used to endorse products.

  2. As a player, you don't own your own image by BadAnalogyGuy · · Score: 5, Informative

    It's a very rare player that has rights to their own name, image, and likeness. For the most part, when you sign your contract with the NCAA and professional leagues you must turn over those rights to the league. This gives them the ability to license that data for things like games.

    Whether the games are expressive works or not, the rights to those likenesses should lie with the leagues, not the players.

    1. Re:As a player, you don't own your own image by samurai54 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Player's names not being able to be used in games has to do with advertising principles in collegiate athletics. Just as Nike isn't allowed to exploit young players by using their name on the jerseys they sell. Ever notice all Pro jerseys have the players' names on the back where no college jerseys do? Since college student athletes are not allowed to receive money for advertising or any other opportunity arising from their talent on the field/court/etc. , the NCAA is simply trying to stop the corporations from making even more money directly off the athletes.

  3. So... by MorderVonAllem · · Score: 4, Interesting

    ...does this mean I can create my own football game using the likeness/names of the players without having to license the information? (

    1. Re:So... by Trepidity · · Score: 4, Insightful

      This ruling is actually arguing that you don't need any license at all, from anyone, because it's First-Amendment-protected expressive speech.

  4. Facts and figures are not copyrightable by MobyDisk · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Facts and figures cannot be copyrighted. And how can public information be abused? They just want money.

  5. Awesome... by sitarlo · · Score: 5, Funny

    Now I can submit my Michael Vick Dog Fighting game to the app store.

  6. What huh? by raehl · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The video game company is trading on the likeness of a person. This isn't a painting in a gallery, it is software sold by the millions around the globe, with millions in profit involved.

    Personally, I think the obvious ruling here is that you can't put someone's likeness in a game without their consent.

    That said, I don't NECESSARILY agree that stats and a hairstyle constitute a likeness.

  7. Copyright Will Eat Itself by Bob9113 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    In this corner, wearing the blue and yellow trunks, weighing in at 800 pounds, he's pure gorilla madness, we have -- Big Copyright!

    And in this corner, wearing the green and pink trunks, weighing in at 800 points, he's the thrilla gorilla, we have -- Big Copyright!

    Alright gentleman (and I use that term loosely), I want a dirty fight, with obscure legal references, wildly out of control laws, and frequent appeals to artistic freedom, the rights of the performer, and the advance of the useful arts when you really mean "money." We're also going to expect at least $1 million to go to lawyers on each side, and another $1 million each in extra campaign contributions this year. When you hear the bell ring, come out and start working the groin!

    Let's get readyyyyyyyyy to rummmmmmbullllll. (am I going to get sued for typing that?)

    Having purchased laws sufficient for them to eat their customers and finding their appetite still unsated, big copyright is now using its own laws against itself. There have been a few stories like this recently. That is so awesome. Mmmmm, mmmm, how does chewing on your own leg taste, buddy? Sure am happy to see that your laws are so strict, and your arrogant contempt has grown so complete, that you have actually started hating yourself. Have fun knuckleheads -- I'll be over here watching user generated content.

  8. Re:No, that's "good" art vs "banal" art. by Chris+Burke · · Score: 3, Insightful

    If you see a painting and your only reaction is "oh, that's pretty" it's probably NOT art. If it takes your breath away and makes you say "WOW!" it is art.

    No, that's the difference between good art and banal art. NOT the difference between art and not-art.

    I heard a definition of art the other day that really seemd insightful (I studied art in college).

    That's nice. Lots of people have studied art in college, and actually create art, and have a much broader and less elitist view of the definition of art.

    Personally, I like Scott McCloud's definition of art: Everything that isn't directly and solely related to the base acts of survival and reproduction is art.

    And a friend of mine, who is a professional artist, gets offended when I tell him that definition because in his view, the act of human reproduction is inseparable from art. His definition is even more expansive than McCloud's.

    But hey, you studied art in school and thus can tell what is and isn't art based on how good it is. Tell me, by your own definition of art, have you ever created any? And does your answer imply that you are qualified to judge or not?

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