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LHC Reaches Over One Trillion Electron Volts

The LHC has become the world's highest-energy particle accelerator, weighing in at over one trillion electron volts. "Until now the LHC had been operating at a relatively low energy of 450 billion electron volts. On Sunday, engineers increased the energy of this 'pilot beam,' reaching 1.18 trillion electron volts at 2344 GMT. The previous record of 0.98 trillion electron volts has been held by the Tevatron accelerator since 2001. The LHC is eventually expected to operate at some seven trillion electron volts."

71 of 305 comments (clear)

  1. When will the science begin by furby076 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The article asks this question fairly often and this is important. While testing is key and we need to make sure the systems are working properly (and will hopefully not break) the team at LHC needs to step it up a notch. Waiting this long to get to this test, and waiting another year to get to the 7.5TEVL and none of these are to do science. It's very disappointing to the science community (who at least understand the reasoning) but extremely disappointing to the rest of the world who can't fathom why something so expensive, with such a long development time...still has not provided any research.

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    1. Re:When will the science begin by Beelzebud · · Score: 5, Funny

      Science isn't about instant gratification.

    2. Re:When will the science begin by DerekLyons · · Score: 2, Insightful

      It's very disappointing to the science community (who at least understand the reasoning) but extremely disappointing to the rest of the world who can't fathom why something so expensive, with such a long development time...still has not provided any research.

      In other words, the scientific community actually doesn't "understand the reasoning" and is as ignorant as the general public.

    3. Re:When will the science begin by Kelson · · Score: 2, Informative

      I don't see anything in the article that says they'll be waiting another year to test it at higher energies. I do see that they expect to do physics with it "next year" -- i.e. in the calendar year 2010, which is only a month away.

    4. Re:When will the science begin by Farmer+Tim · · Score: 2, Funny

      Science isn't about instant gratification.

      Not a sperm donor, I take it.

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    5. Re:When will the science begin by furby076 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I agree, science is not about instant gratification but science has to start at some point. LHC project started before:2004 (this was a date i found where parts were shipped, had a hard time finding an actual start date). LHC project was finished the build, and went live: Sept 2008 (first live fire). The LHC project has not started a scientific study as of November 2009. So how much patience do we need to start experimentation, let alone completing it, publishing the raw findings, analyzing the raw findings, and the coming out with some results?

      To AC about my first post and reading it - the regime is 3 raw eggs daily, 2 hours of gym daily, 1 hour of sex daily, and reading the article hours before it was posted to /. and coincidentally going to /. just as the article posted :)

      --

      I do not support "The Man". I also do not support your irrational stupidity
    6. Re:When will the science begin by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Troll?

      It was only switched on again a week ago, and you want it to be spewing out Higgs' already?!!?

      These machines are *stunningly* complex, and always take years to reach their full potential. Google for the luminosity history of any major machine (LEP, Tevatron, etc.) to see how long they took to reach their design goals.

      Trust me, as a particle physicist (posting anonymously to preserve moderations), this week has been amazingly exciting, and everyone I know is stunned by how fast this machine is coming back on.

      "step it up a notch" -- you *must* be a troll.

    7. Re:When will the science begin by jeffmeden · · Score: 3, Interesting

      When does the Science ever begin with a particle accelerator project? What do you define as science? They are now crashing particles faster than the Tevatron (as is the subject of the article) and have taken the title of "most powerful particle accelerator". Will this yield results different from what the Tevatron has seen for the past few years? We won't know until it happens. Will the LHC quickly ramp up to 7 TeV? We won't know until it happens. Will anything come of the data produced when it runs at 7 TeV? Again, we won't know until it happens. Considering how much time and money has been spent we should expect the odds are really good that some unique science will come of it some day, but to say that a decade long project is going too slowly because full power won't be reached for another year seems a little short sighted.

    8. Re:When will the science begin by znu · · Score: 3, Informative

      Said amount of money being a little less than 1% of what the United States alone spent on its stimulus bill. And the project employs several thousand people.

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      This space unintentionally left unblank.
    9. Re:When will the science begin by StikyPad · · Score: 5, Funny

      That's self gratification, not instant gratification. Although I'm giving you the benefit of the doubt on that last part...

    10. Re:When will the science begin by physburn · · Score: 4, Interesting
      Its a slow ramp up of energies. The LHC has already been doing a few collisions at 450 GeV, here see here, but since the injection energy to the ring 450 GeV, the LHC wasn't doing any acceleration at all there. The 1 TeV milestone show the LHC is in good working order, and the'll be increasing the energy in steps, the few 14 TeV might not be until 2011, it will run at 10 TeV instead for most of 2010 barring any more mishaps and do good physics. CERN have said the'll need to retrofit new quenching mechanisms (safety features for if the superconducting magnets get to hot and cease to superconduct), before they can run at the few 14 TeV. Although it might seem like a shame not to be running at full energy, the Higgs particles are expectable to be of mass 120-190 GeV, what CERN needs to find the Higgs is not high energy but high luminosity, large statistics on a lot of collisions. So the lower energy isn't going to stop the Higgs boson discovery. Supersymmetric particles could have any mass or not exist at all, but the losing the 10-14 TeV range, won't make much difference to begin with.

      ---

      LHC Feed @ Feed Distiller

    11. Re:When will the science begin by Luyseyal · · Score: 3

      So how much patience do we need to start experimentation, let alone completing it, publishing the raw findings, analyzing the raw findings, and the coming out with some results?

      Not to mention dropping us some more results on the LHC @ Home grid. World Community Grid has been rather lonely for some time...

      -l

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    12. Re:When will the science begin by CecilPL · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Well, all money ever does is employ people. That's what money is - a way to get other people to give you the product of their labors.

    13. Re:When will the science begin by boristhespider · · Score: 5, Informative

      haha, are you suggesting that europe pumps over 14bn euro into a machine and then because some people are slightly impatient, they should whack it up to 11 to see what happens?

      "hey, we've not done any tests yet, why are you ramping it up to 7Tev?"

      "some guy on slashdot's getting impatient."

      "some guy on slashdot's getting impatient!? what are we waiting for??"

      *disturbing explosion from underground*

      "oh. shit."

      science will start in january/february. to be honest, what they're finishing up now is calibrating the detectors which is pretty vital -- and even so they've run beams with more energy than any accelerator ever has before. or do you plan to somehow puzzle out the observations by the power of voodoo?

    14. Re:When will the science begin by lennier · · Score: 2, Funny

      "When does the Science ever begin with a particle accelerator project? "

      The same time it always does: When the lead physicist steps into the acceleration chamber... and vanishes.

      Oh boy.

      --
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    15. Re:When will the science begin by Farmer+Tim · · Score: 3, Funny

      Have you seen inside an "adult shop" recently? Looks that way.

      Besides, whatever it takes to get teenagers into science is fine with me.

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    16. Re:When will the science begin by budgenator · · Score: 3, Informative

      It has been doing "science" for quite a while now, my BOINC client crunched some LHC data long ago, the detectors run just fine off natural cosmic rays collisions. Even at partial energies they could find things they are looking for because HE physics is a probabilistic endeavor, it's just more likely for the events to occur at higher average energies and luminosities.

      --
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    17. Re:When will the science begin by XSpud · · Score: 2, Funny

      According to Wikipedia that's equivalent to the kinetic energy of 7 flying mosquitoes.

      In the UK we've gone over to the metric system - how many wasps is this?

    18. Re:When will the science begin by rolando2424 · · Score: 2, Funny

      (...)extremely disappointing to the rest of the world who can't fathom why something so expensive, with such a long development time...still has not provided any research.

      There a Duke Nukem Forever joke in there somewhere...

      --
      Okay seriously I've just run out of pointless things to say.
  2. Shocking by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Hopefully they know how to conduct themselves this time around.

    1. Re:Shocking by davester666 · · Score: 3, Funny

      No. Now it's time for them to amp things up!

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    2. Re:Shocking by treeves · · Score: 2, Funny

      ...and keep their cool!

      --
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    3. Re:Shocking by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Watt an awful pun-thread this has become.

    4. Re:Shocking by selven · · Score: 2, Funny

      Mod parent up, that one was a joule.

  3. No collisions yet, right? by Gopal.V · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Are these with collisions or merely accelerated beams in a loop? IIRC, the Tevatron did 2x0.98 TeV collisions. Which would be, well ... a bigger bang :)

    But the flip side is that we've built the most powerful ray gun ever, now we just need to wait till the aliens attack.

    1. Re:No collisions yet, right? by Game_Ender · · Score: 2, Informative

      That's not true at all. When the LHC broke down the first time it caused a decent amount of damage, boring a deep whole into the surrounding concrete. Also the normal beam can bore a hole through 40 meters of solid copper, and it require a very special grouping of materials to stop used up beams.

    2. Re:No collisions yet, right? by John+Hasler · · Score: 2, Informative

      The damage in the breakdown was all caused by the energy stored in the magnets that failed and by the pressure of the vaporizing helium.

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  4. Translation into sensible units by Eudial · · Score: 2, Informative

    If you, like me, are not accustomed to seeing electron volts in this dumbed down prefix-less format, you'll be grateful to find that I've translated the orders of magnitude in the article into a more conventional form:

    1 trillion electron volts = 1 TeV
    1 billion electron volts = 1 GeV

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    1. Re:Translation into sensible units by Dystopian+Rebel · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I've translated the orders of magnitude in the article into a more conventional form:

      1 trillion electron volts = 1 TeV
      1 billion electron volts = 1 GeV

      Is that a French billion or an American billion?

      --
      Rich And Stupid is not so bad as Working For Rich And Stupid.
    2. Re:Translation into sensible units by wizardforce · · Score: 3, Informative

      1 billion electron volts = 1.6*10^-10 Joules/particle
      1 trillion electron volts = 1.6*10^-7 Joules/particle.
      The energy of each individual particle is tiny by comparison with things that most people encounter but there are trillions of them whizzing around the LHC its self and that adds up quickly.

      --
      Sigs are too short to say anything truly profound so read the above post instead.
    3. Re:Translation into sensible units by Macrat · · Score: 3, Funny

      How much is that in gigawatts?

    4. Re:Translation into sensible units by Sgt.+CoDFish · · Score: 2, Informative

      With anything scientific, people generally talk about giga (G) being 1x10^9. That's an American billion.

      A French/British billion (1x10^12) is tera (T) in SI prefixes.

      So, since we take 1 eV to be 1.60x10^-19 J (to 3 sig. figs.), 1TeV (units are case sensitive) is:

      1.6x10^-19 x 1x10^12 =

      1.60x10^-7 J, or, with SI prefixes, 160 nJ (nanojoules, 10^-9)

      (Strictly speaking, the Joule isn't the SI standard. In base units, the Joule is:

      m^2.kg.s^-2.

      because W (energy) = F (force, in newtons, which is also not an SI base unit) * d (distance, in metres, which is a base unit)
      F (force, N) = m (mass, in kilogrammes, a base unit) * acceleration (in ms^-2, which is expressed in base units)
      So W = mad or, in units, kg * ms^-2 * m. Which simplifies to give the unit above.

      But everyone just uses J.)

      You may or may not have known all that, but other people may benefit. Disclaimer: I don't claim to be perfectly right, but this is my understanding of the SI units, and it's served me well so far.

    5. Re:Translation into sensible units by Artraze · · Score: 4, Informative

      I am surprised that no one pointed this out yet, but eV is a unit of energy; it is the energy of one electron accelerated across one Volt. So the relevant equation here is Power = Energy/Time. Thus the real equation is:

      energy (Energy) * flux (# of particles / time)

      However, as current is, essentially, a charge flux, the particle flux is:

      current (Charge/time) / particle_charge (Charge)

      However, you ended up with the right answer because the particle_charge term you neglected is equal to the one you neglected in the energy term (E=charge*Volts) namely the elementary charge. So to write the whole thing out:

      energy * current / particle_charge

      (elementary_charge * voltage) * current / particle_charge

      When particle_charge==elementary_charge:

      voltage * current

      It's a little pedantic, but it is important to note that eV != V, and also that if they accelerate something other than protons or electrons, then your simplistic calculation would be wrong (through at that point Amps is a somewhat ambiguous/improper measurement and probably wouldn't be given anyway).

    6. Re:Translation into sensible units by mdwh2 · · Score: 2, Informative

      A French/British billion (1x10^12) is tera (T) in SI prefixes.

      A British billion is 10^9, same as the US billion - it's been that way for decades. Since the BBC is a UK organisation, they'll be using this system.

    7. Re:Translation into sensible units by mdwh2 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I'm amused at the idea that people who dislike things being "dumbed down" need someone to do this basic conversion for them :)

  5. Re:Greenhouse Gases by el3mentary · · Score: 2, Informative

    7 000 000 000 000 electron volts = 1.12152352 × 10E-6 joules

    The beam itself isn't too bad, most of the energy costs are for cooling etc. for the electromagnets

    --
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  6. If only.... by Metatron · · Score: 4, Funny

    now we could feed THAT into a flux capacitor.....

  7. Question about particle accelerators by reginaldo · · Score: 3, Interesting

    So I understand that more energy means faster moving protons and anti-protons. How does this equivocate to finding, say, the Higgs-Boson more easily?

    I understand that particles moving at 99.91% c are going to be observable for a longer period of time due to the Lorentz factor, but is that the sole benefit of this massive energy upgrade? Anyone have recommended reading for me?

    1. Re:Question about particle accelerators by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      http://arstechnica.com/science/news/2009/11/lhc-sets-new-energy-record-full-power-still-year-away.ars

      The lowest energy supersymmetric particles are expect to reside in the 1TeV range, which is just barely in the detectable range of the Tevatron and the current LHC operating energy. But, to observe these particles, the LHC would have to stay at that energy for some time—of the order of many months—to generate a statistically significant sample of collisions.

      Instead, the plan is to continue to increase the energy until ~3.5TeV is reached. At this energy, it will take considerably less time to generate a statistically significant sample. So, by not taking data now, the LHC staff are really saving themselves some time, as well as widening the net for higher-energy particles.

    2. Re:Question about particle accelerators by necro81 · · Score: 4, Informative

      The value is less in the time dilation you get at such high speeds, but rather the equivalent mass. The particles of interest to these scientists have a characteristic mass, which by E=mc^2, means they also have a certain characteristic energy.

      (at relativistic speeds I seem to recall it isn't as simple as E=mc^2, but that's the gist of it).

      If a particle is really heavy, a low-energy particle accelerator is highly unlikely (basically never) going to find it. This is, in part, why many of the heaviest fundamental particles weren't discovered until recently - sufficiently energetic particle accelerators didn't exist.

      In the case of the Higgs Boson, particle physicists don't exactly know how heavy it is. Based on a variety of previous experiments, they have placed lower (and upper?) bounds on its weight. Because we haven't yet found it in our most powerful accelerators, it stands to reason that it is at least more heavy (i.e., more energetic) than 1-2 TeV. Most, but not all, physicists believe the LHC, at 7 TeV, should be energetic enough to find the Higgs boson - if what we think we know about it and particle physics is all correct.

    3. Re:Question about particle accelerators by TooMuchToDo · · Score: 3, Insightful

      My understanding is that the faster you can move particles around, the harder you can smash them together. The harder you can smash them together, the easier it is to see the fundamental building blocks of those pieces. Imagine a car wreck with both cars doing 50mph. Now imagine the same wreck with each car doing 100mph. Which will break the cars into smaller pieces.

    4. Re:Question about particle accelerators by wizardforce · · Score: 5, Informative

      To create a particle like the Higgs boson, the collision energy needs to at least equal the mass of the particle you're trying to create. The higher energy collisions in the LHC increase the odds of finding the Higgs because of this. THe mass of the Higgs isn't known. However, the more collisions we do at higher energies, the thinner the range of masses the Higgs can be.

      --
      Sigs are too short to say anything truly profound so read the above post instead.
    5. Re:Question about particle accelerators by reginaldo · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Thanks for the response! Not to sound like a 3 year old, but why? Wouldn't length contraction cancel out the effects of time dilation.

    6. Re:Question about particle accelerators by Erikderzweite · · Score: 2, Funny

      >Thanks for the response! Not to sound like a 3 year old, but why? Wouldn't length contraction cancel out the effects of time dilation?

      Don't know about you, but I'll be pretty happy and surprised if my nephew is going to ask similar questions when he turns 3.

    7. Re:Question about particle accelerators by EsbenMoseHansen · · Score: 2, Informative

      In the case of the Higgs Boson, particle physicists don't exactly know how heavy it is. Based on a variety of previous experiments, they have placed lower (and upper?) bounds on its weight.

      According to wikipedia, if the standard model is correct, there i 95% confidentiality that the lower bound is 170GeV and the upper is 186GeV

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    8. Re:Question about particle accelerators by anarchyboy · · Score: 2, Informative

      The particle would not see its own time-dilation so to speak, in the particles rest frame it still decays very quickly and the length contraction then allows it to travel further. From the lab frame the particle is time dilated so decays slowly but the lab equipment is not length contracted in that frame so there are no length contraction effects.

      Also with particle accelerators it is very much the energy of the collision that matters, as the particles velocity increases pushing it with more energy actually only increases the speed by a very little amount since it can nevery be greater than c, you can however keep increasing the energy of the particle.

    9. Re:Question about particle accelerators by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 4, Informative

      > So I understand that more energy means faster moving protons and anti-protons.
      > How does this equivocate to finding, say, the Higgs-Boson more easily?

      In the quantum world you have to forget about "particles" in the classical sense. There is no spoon.

      Think, instead, of a big bag with a bunch of quantities in it. Reach into the bag and you can pull something out, shouting "electron"! The chance that you'll say "electron" and not "proton" is based on what you put into the bag, you can only get out something that meets the conservation laws. So if you put in 0 charge, you might get a neutron out, or an electron and a positron, both have net charge 0.

      Which one of those you get depends on the rest of the things you put in, spin, isospin, color, momentum, etc. Chances are you'll get the set of particles that has the lowest energy and still meets the requirements. However, you'll always have a chance of getting the oddballs even if there is a low-energy solution.

      The reason for high energies in accelerators is to fill up the bag. That way you can reach in and pull out a single really big particle instead of the bunch of little ones you put into it. If the Higgs really is in the 115 to 180 GeV range, as currently believed, you're going to need to put in a WHOLE LOT of energy so you have a lot left over. And even then, you're going to have to try a WHOLE LOT of times before you're going to see it. It's all statistics at that point.

      > Anyone have recommended reading for me?

      Yes, "The Great Design: Particles, Fields, and Creation". A bit low-rent, but does cover the topics.

      Maury

    10. Re:Question about particle accelerators by zevans · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Recommended reading: The God Particle by Leon Lederman. He was head of CERN for a while and won his Nobel prize for discovering the bottom/beauty quark at Fermilab. This is THE best book I've read on the topic. Just bear in mind that when he wrote it the SSC was going to be the next big project and LHC is largely fulfilling that role instead, as it turns out.

      The period of observation isn't really a factor, because one of the things that makes this tricky is that the heavier particles such as the hypothetical Higgs decay into something else very very quickly anyway.

      You don't observe these kinds of particles directly; you see the cascades of particles that they decay into pass through your detector, and then you prove that the only way that combination of particles could have appeared travelling in those directions is if they are the product of the hypothesised particle.

      This article talks about how Fermilab recently went through this process for a top quark, which is a pretty similar deal. The top quark is a heavy particle you won't see in most interactions until you get to some pretty big energy densities, just like the Higgs; the difference is the energies are somewhat lower, so Fermilab has got there already.

      CMS and ATLAS are both designed to ensure you detect EVERYTHING known that comes out of the collisions so you can also work out what went straight through your detectors, by looking at what energy has not been accounted for in what you picked up.

      Or, there might be a whole other bunch of particles produced at 7 TeV, and no Higgs at all; plenty of papers have been written on what you might expect to see instead. Other explanations for inertial mass are available.

      --
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  8. There's something very important by circletimessquare · · Score: 2, Funny

    I forgot to tell you. Don't cross the streams... It would be bad...

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
  9. Re:Greenhouse Gases by tist · · Score: 2, Informative

    A proton (or other particle) at full speed in the LHC: 7 trillion electron Volts 7.0 * 10 ^9 eV. A 100 watt light bulb burning for one hour: 2.2 * 10 ^24 eV So the light bulb represents 3.1* 10 ^14 (that’s 310,000,000,000,000) times the energy of the particle accelerated in the LHC. 7 trillion eV is really, really small.

  10. Re:Greenhouse Gases by DreamsAreOkToo · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Later, Atomm was seen driving off in his SUV, looking smug that he had put those damned scientists in their place.

  11. No Science? by CopaceticOpus · · Score: 3, Funny

    They say that no science has been done yet, but now we know that 1.18 TeV is below the energy level at which higgs bosons travel back in time to disrupt supercollider experiments.

    (Yes, I'm kidding.)

  12. Mass, not time by wowbagger · · Score: 5, Funny

    Let me honor /. tradition and use a car analogy here:

    If you smash 2 GM Metros together, you CANNOT put together 2 Grand Marquis from the debris - there just isn't enough metal.

    However, if you smash 2 Peterbuilts together, you can, at least in theory, put together 2 Grand Marquis from that debris - there's enough metal.

    -----

    When you smash particles together, there has to be enough mass-energy (enough metal) to form the particles you are looking for, or they won't appear. Mass is energy, energy is mass, speed is kinetic energy, and thus mass.

    The Higgs is somewhere north of 1TeV - how much north of that varies from theory to theory. If the Higgs is a Grand Marquis, right now, the Tevatron and the LHC are smashing together Tauruses. Soon, the LHC will be up to stretch limos. At full power, the LHC will be at the Hummer3 level.

    And cosmic rays are at the freight train level, but since that's not happening in the lab, it does no good: what fun is a collision if nobody caught it on video?

    1. Re:Mass, not time by owlstead · · Score: 2, Funny

      So what you're saying is that we could create 2 Grand Marquis if we accelerated 2 mini-Coopers to high enough speeds?

    2. Re:Mass, not time by wowbagger · · Score: 2, Informative

      Actually, yes, if the paper is moving fast enough, you could. Of course, that would have to be REALLY REALLY fast - assume a sheet of paper to be roughly 100 grams (.1 kg), and a Grand Marquis wet is about 2000kg, the paper would have to be going at least 0.999999999c. Then you'd have to do it a bunch of times before 2 Grand Marquis popped out.

      Cheaper to just get the dealer incentives and finance it yourself....

    3. Re:Mass, not time by wowbagger · · Score: 2, Informative

      Let me correct a statement: when I said "The Higgs is somewhere north of 1TeV", what I meant was "the energies needed to form a Higgs within a reasonable period of time are north of 1TeV" - the actual mass is currently thought to be in the low hundreds of GeV.

      If the Higgs were actually 1TeV in mass that would REALLY screw up the Standard Model.

      (now, there are some theorized particles in the same family as the Higgs that are thought to be 1TeV or more, but....)

    4. Re:Mass, not time by Nadaka · · Score: 2, Funny

      I don't think you could get mini's going fast enough even if you dumped one of them out of a plane. I seem to remember something like this on mythbusters.

  13. Re:Greenhouse Gases by srussia · · Score: 2, Informative

    7 trillion eV is really, really small.

    That's actually eV/particle, so total energy depends on the number of particles at that energy.

    --
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  14. Re:Greenhouse Gases by Eudial · · Score: 3, Informative

    You've got to keep in mind that this is the energy PER PARTICLE. For reference, 1 gram of matter has something like 10^23 nucleons.

    In particle physics, a trillion electron volts is absolutely HUMONGOUS. It is 500 times the energy you get from neutron-antineutron annihilation.

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  15. This looks serious by ILoveBunnies · · Score: 2, Funny

    Fermilab better send over another bird...

  16. Re:but where by geckipede · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Religions don't object to research into the unknown because faith gives confidence that the answers are either already known or theologically irrelevant.

    Religions object only to research into topics where they have already been proven wrong.

  17. 1.18 billion volts... by ebursey · · Score: 4, Funny

    ... as a scientific tool, I'd say it has a lot of potential. Ba-dum-bump

  18. Children's song of the future... by KazW · · Score: 2, Funny

    The beams at the LHC go round and round, round and round, round and round.....

    --
    Geeks don't grock information, they grep it.
  19. Re:but where by geckipede · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I didn't say every religion did it, however if you do want an example of the catholic church going against scientific findings, try the arguments over efficacy of condoms.

  20. Re:but where by bkpark · · Score: 2, Informative

    I didn't say every religion did it, however if you do want an example of the catholic church going against scientific findings, try the arguments over efficacy of condoms.

    I don't think this example works. It's not that Catholic church doesn't believe that condoms work (either in terms of preventing STDs or babies, at least some 90+ percent of the time). It's that Catholic church believes use of contraceptives like condoms is morally wrong—science is silent in the matters of morality, at least generally speaking.

    You can very well argue that church's position is not morally correct (at least to the extent that church's position on condoms may have helped spread STDs), but to say that they have the science wrong is, well, incorrect?

  21. Re:but where by budgenator · · Score: 3, Informative

    To “evolve” literally means “to unroll a scroll”, that is, to read a book. The imagery of nature as a book has its roots in Christianity and has been held dear by many scientists. Galileo saw nature as a book whose author is God in the same way that Scripture has God as its author. It is a book whose history, whose evolution, whose “writing” and meaning, we “read” according to the different approaches of the sciences, while all the time presupposing the foundational presence of the author who has wished to reveal himself therein. This image also helps us to understand that the world, far from originating out of chaos, resembles an ordered book; it is a cosmos.
    ADDRESS OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI
    TO MEMBERS OF THE PONTIFICAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
    ON THE OCCASION OF THEIR PLENARY ASSEMBLY

    Clementine Hall
    Friday, 31 October 2008

    there you go

    --
    Apocalypse Cancelled, Sorry, No Ticket Refunds
  22. Re:but where by tolkienfan · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Galileo, Copernicus, Darwin, Hypatia... I don't think any of them claimed to know why.

  23. Pathetic by quibbler · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The half-finished, mostly-paid-for SSC was slated at 20 TeV. You'll forgive my shrug at 1 TeV. This is an embarrassing footnote on the state of physics in modern civilization. Thanks Clinton.

  24. Re:Greenhouse Gases by ceoyoyo · · Score: 3, Informative

    "You can grab an electric fence designed for cattle and get more of a shock [due to several quintillion electrons travelling through your body]."

    I don't get it. Are you somehow under the impression that there is a single particle (or one in each direction) circulating in the LHC with an energy of 1 TeV (or thereabouts)? Or perhaps you think that the the total energy of the LHC beam is 1 TeV?

    Neither of these is true. Each particle in this beam has an energy of 1 TeV and there are lots of particles. To go back to the light bulb comparison, the LHC is quite a lot brighter than a lightbulb (in terms of particles per second) and each one of the particles in it's beam is a hell of a lot more energetic than the photons spewed out by that lightbulb.

    Let's take a look at your electric fence. The maximum output of an electric fence is apparently limited to 5 Joules.

    Compare to the LHC. According to this CERN page, at full power each beam has a total energy of about 362 MJ, and there are two of them. Some illustrative comparisons from the same page:

    1) The kinetic energy of a British aircraft carrier going 11.7 knots (or an American supercarrier going 5.6 knots (*2 for both beams)

    2) A Subaru + driver going 1712 km/h (*2 for both beams)

    3) Both beams together can melt almost one tonne of copper

    4) A high speed train going 150 km/h (* 2 for both beams)

    5) 77.4 kg of TNT (*2)

    So yeah, quite a bit of energy. I'd much rather take the little tingle from an electric fence as opposed to standing in front of a train going 150 km/h or a car going mach 2.

  25. Re:LHC-gate in the making. by zevans · · Score: 2, Informative

    The combination of HUGE amounts of government funding

    No. Firstly, the amounts are tiny compared with the spend on many, many other government activities. There is no "huge" government spend, therefore there is no argument possible against a "huge" spend. Next!

    with a real lack of credibility when it comes to the science, means that the LHC is another prime candidate for exposing as fraud.

    Well, again, the LHC is the ideal device for exposing which of the current theories is worth pursuing, and which is simply, as you suggest, a gravy train.

    This is why I am a big fan of the good work being done by the folks over at LHC Defence.

    Well, I hope they are a little more open-minded than the tone of your post.

    We need a MUCH better idea of the risks involved

    You are aware there have already been several such independent exercises, right? What do you still need to know?

    (as well as get a better idea of how realistic the research is)

    Erm, that's what it's for. Switch it off and you'll never know.

    before we allow it to go any further or allow it to receive any more taxpayer funding.

    Good one. Remind me which country pulled funding for the SSC?

    --
    "... and more and more now there are all kinds of electronic goodies available" -- Pink Floyd 1972
  26. Re:but where by HornWumpus · · Score: 2, Informative

    You should read up on the efficacy claims for condoms made by the Catholic church.

    Taking the annual failure rate, using it as a single use failure rate, then using that to guess at an annual rate is just the beginning of their lies (yes lies).

    The only saving grace is _nobody_ believes them (or even listens to them).

    I'd sooner take relationship advice from /. or 4chan!

    IIRC you can find a thick vein of Catholic/condom related BS by searching for 'AIDS virus condom pore size'. I'm too lazy to verify my memory.

    --
    John McAfee 'It was like that time I hired that Bangkok prostitute; to do my taxes, while I fucked my accountant'