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Write Bits Directly Onto a Hard Drive Platter?
kidcharles writes "I'm working on a project that requires writing bits to a magnetic hard drive platter in a completely controlled fashion. I need to be able to control exactly where 1s and 0s will appear physically on the platter. Normally when data is written to a drive the actual bits that get written are determined by the file system being used, as modified by whatever kind of error handling the drive itself is using (e.g. Reed-Solomon). All of the modern innovations in file systems and error handling are great for reliable and efficient data storage, but they are making my particular task quite daunting. My question for Slashdot: is there a way to get down to the 'bare metal' and write these bits? Any good utilities out there to do this? Obviously a free and open source solution would be preferable, but I'm open to anything at this point."
You would need to replace the firmware inside the drive or use an undocumented manufacturer mode. Whatever they use to write the servo tracks would be interesting to you. You will be in the situation of the firmware writer: There will be problems all the way. Be prepared to find a way to position the heads (ever tried to find a servo track?). Most likely you also need to at least parametrize the amplifiers in the DSP part of the firmware that does the analog-to-something-to-digital so you can have direct influence on the "bits". Good luck
If you don't need lots of bytes, you should use an old disk. I mean very old, maybe going back to those 300-400MB disks we had on 486 computers or even older.
Recent disks have embedded error-handling mechanisms which will prevent you from writing what you want, where you want (physically speaking of course). The disk controller translates your "physical" disk addresses into its own internal mappings. The only way to bypass this would be to remove the disk controller's chip and put your own in place.
Maybe your question would be: "how hard is it to create my own disk controller's chipset?"
The submitter appears to know enough about what he's asking to know that it's also impossible / completely impractical. Recording ones and zeros directly isn't done for a reason, submitter appears to understand this.
Your requirements are wrong, sorry.
Yes, I don't what they are. Still wrong.
This kind of copy protection has been outdated for quite some while and should have died with floppy disks ...
These kinds of questions are stupid: "I need to do XYZ for a project, how do I do XYZ?", where XYZ is one or more of complicated, ridiculous, vague, nonsensical, etc. Try telling us what your project is, and then we might be able to suggest a useful solution, possibly not involving XYZ at all, or involving a very particular/practical version of XYZ.
"I'm working on a project to build a nuclear powerplant. Is there documentation on how to do it? Obviously a free and open source solution would be preferable, but I'm open to anything at this point."
It seems to me that if you're involved in such a project and have to ask how to do it, it's doomed.
Also, the whole idea of it seems rather impossible. Why would you want to do this in the first place? Have in mind that hard disks don't write bits as is, not just because of ECC. They use an encoding to ensure that there are no long strings of 1s or 0s. If you just wrote some data without regards to that you'd run into a sequence you'd be unable to read later, due to not having a clock signal to figure out where a bit ends and the next begins.
Modern hard disks require using special encodings and servo data in order to be readable at those densities. It just makes little sense to me to want to bypass it. Unless you're working for a disk manufacturer this just seems very odd, but in that case you'd have access to the required equipment and information.
I'm actually more interested in why the fuck he wants to do this, much less how it would be achieved.
Actually that's the best suggestion yet. After he's spent a week banging bits into the 82072A, he'll either have gone insane, or will have realised he's well and truly barking up the wrong tree. Once again, OP: I'd love to know what you're up to, if it's not trolling Ask Slashdot.
Short answer: no, it's not possible to do that. It's not impossible, simply incredibly hard to do. Unless you happen to be very handy with a soldering iron and go dumpster-diving in the backyard of an HDD company (as many others have pointed out).
Longer answer: how about creating a 'virtual' hard drive? There are utilities out there that probably let you create (a) a virtual interface (let's say IDE) and (b) a virtual hard drive, attached to said interface. The next step, of course, is to hack these (VirtualBox?) in order to make them do whatever it is you want them to do. This being said, I strongly suspect it involves non-trivial virtual machine hacking and that it probably does not respond to whatever your needs are.
Other than this (very twisted) idea, sorry, bare metal writing has been disabled a long time ago, and for good reasons, too.
The right to offend is far more important than the right not to be offended. (Rowan Atkinson)
A whole chip? Really? That sounds hard.
Just Ebay an old 20MB Seagate ST-225 MFM drive, and write whatever bits you want.
It doesn't know any better.
Kid-proof tablet..
The custom controller would REPLACE the the on-drive controller, not sit on top of it.
=Smidge=
And if he's trying to see if he can read data patterns off platters by hand from a dismantled drive, and needs a known test pattern to calibrate his equipment with?
Don't you hate it when people refuse to accept the premise of a technical question and write long monologues why the submitter is working with false assumptions even though they don't know what exactly they are dealing with? Yeah, me too. Makes them look arrogant, ignorant and smug. I'm going to go ahead though and reject the submitter's premise: there is no chance in hell that you're on the right track with whatever project you're attempting to do. But instead of merely dissing you for incompetence, I'll lay out a few scenarios (might as well, since you didn't supply any of your own).
If the actual physical bits matter to you...
you're either a hard drive manufacturer or a clueless person who should read up on how drives actually work. And we both know you're not working for a manufacturer. What you need to know is that there are several layers of indirection between the write call from within an OS down to the actual magnetic platter. These layers are there for a reason. At the very least, the onboard controller of the drive abstracts away the physical block allocation, and the drive won't work without the controller at all. Since the intricacies of the drive's physical address space are not accessible from the outside, there will never never never be a reason to try and fiddle with it directly. Because you can't.
If you are looking for disk I/O without a filesystem...
we're finally in saner territory. There are valid reasons to do this, e.g. speed and overhead considerations. Some database vendors actually have features like these. In this scenario, you're using the entire drive as one big addressable blob. A good starting point would be to have a look at the source code of a simple filesystem, such as ext2. Strip away all the actual file handling stuff and learn what you can from the disk I/O routines. On the other hand, if you didn't arrive at this conclusion yourself, that's not a very encouraging sign.
If you simply want a drive without error correction...
you're not developing software that will run on any modern system. If you accept this caveat, you can buy an ancient drive off ebay and use that. However, keep the first scenario firmly in mind: there is simply no reason to control the exact placement of every single byte if you don't plan on literally putting the drive under a microscope afterwards. Otherwise, this has no practical implications and, again, you are on the wrong track.
If you're a DRM/malware/virus developer...
I will sleep very comfortably tonight, because you had to ask about this on Slashdot, signaling once more that you're doing it wrong.
I like your reply because it is one of the only to suggest a real sollution.
In a way, the provided answers show the current technically "watered down" slashdot community. I guess 10 years ago this questions would have given really interesting answers.
I myself had a similar question about 2 or 3 years ago. What I wanted to do was to use the LCD from an HP laptop for some DIY project. The problem was how to interface VGA RGB output with the propietary input of the LCD (made by samsung IIRC). I did a lot of research, got schematics/specs of the particular LCD I was working for and got into the point where I knew I had to create a RGB-to-something decoder/controller (I just let it go so now I dont remember). I even realized that creating the decoder/controller was a really challenging task (mostly time consuming, time I didn't had) or I could buy a 3rd party controller which was quite expensive.
Although I have very little knowledge of hard disks, I would suggest the OP to first focus on one specific type of drive, second, get the schematics of the drive controller and then depart from there.
I specially hate these post crying DRM or whatnot. Even though I "am new here" (see my /. ID) I really wish I could find a slashdot like page frequented by real tech geeks /nerds.
Ubuntu is an African word meaning 'I can't configure Debian'
That was my first idea too "Find an old MFM/RLL drive, and have at it" - then I realized, "You know, I'll bet that more than 1/2 of the readers of /. don't even remember them"
-- 73 de KG2V For the Children - RKBA! "You are what you do when it counts" - the Masso