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Weird Exoplanet Orbits Could Screw Up Alien Life

astroengine writes "Life is good in the Solar System. We have Jupiter to thank for that. However, if the gas giant's orbit were a little more elliptical, there's every chance that Earth would become rather uncomfortable very quickly. Researchers looking at the zoo of exoplanets orbiting distant stars have simulated several scenarios of differing exoplanet orbits and find that many don't resemble our cozy Solar System. In fact, weird exoplanet orbits may be the deciding factor as to whether extraterrestrial life can form or not."

161 comments

  1. Save the aliens! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Dear friends,

    The aliens of our galaxy have had a hard life. Please send donations to the buy-a-Jupiter-for-the-aliens fund. Your help is greatly appreciated.

    1. Re:Save the aliens! by siloko · · Score: 2, Interesting

      In fact, weird exoplanet orbits may be the deciding factor as to whether extraterrestrial life can form or not.

      Not sure the word 'fact' belongs in that sentence with the rest of the wild speculation. I do however want to donate to your fund but only when facts become the endpoint of extra-terrestrial flavoured cosmology and not the spark for futurology!

    2. Re:Save the aliens! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Sounds like another Gleisian subspace mail scam to me. Let me guess, your name is 'Reverend' Tsmünqtll e'Eiïgåk, and you represent the Space Pope and all the starving spawnlings left over from the Second Great Tri-Moon Conflict.

    3. Re:Save the aliens! by dumuzi · · Score: 1

      I say we donate Uranus.

    4. Re:Save the aliens! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Maybe we should donate Neptune instead.

      Dammit, what is that whooshing sound all around me!?!?

    5. Re:Save the aliens! by mcgrew · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Has anyone considered that to them, we are the aliens? The link is a story about how our own solar system is uninhabited, and why.

    6. Re:Save the aliens! by mr_gorkajuice · · Score: 2, Informative

      Not sure the word 'fact' belongs in that sentence with the rest of the wild speculation.

      It's a fact that it may be the deciding factor.

    7. Re:Save the aliens! by Exitar · · Score: 1

      Let's donate Pluto!
      Maybe they won't notice it's not a planet!

    8. Re:Save the aliens! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ahem, hello Doctor! Nothing to see here! You can go back to whatever's left of Gallifrey now.

    9. Re:Save the aliens! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      Dammit, what is that whooshing sound all around me!?!?


      That's probably Uranus leaking gas....

    10. Re:Save the aliens! by Rude+Turnip · · Score: 1

      They should rename Uranus to put an end to that joke once and for all. Any suggestions?

    11. Re:Save the aliens! by MBGMorden · · Score: 1

      Nonsense. Uranus isn't nearly as massive as Jupiter. The effort would be wasted.

      Urmommasanus on the other hand is huge, and would probably work just fine.

      --
      "People who think they know everything are very annoying to those of us who do."-Mark Twain
    12. Re:Save the aliens! by SupremoMan · · Score: 1

      I think you are fishing for Urrectum

    13. Re:Save the aliens! by CaptainPatent · · Score: 2, Funny

      Dear friends,

      The aliens of our galaxy have had a hard life. Please send donations to the buy-a-Jupiter-for-the-aliens fund. Your help is greatly appreciated.

      I hope everybody understands the gravity of the situation.

      --
      Well, back to rejecting software patent applications.
    14. Re:Save the aliens! by Chih · · Score: 1

      Nah, he was poking towards Urmom

      --
      For best results, avoid doing stupid things.
    15. Re:Save the aliens! by AP31R0N · · Score: 1

      To X, !X is alien. That's pretty much the definition of alien. It's a relative term.

      --
      Utilizing the synergization of benchmark e-solutions to pre-workaround action items!
    16. Re:Save the aliens! by Phoghat · · Score: 1
      From TFA;

      I haven't counted but there are so many instances of the word IF that my head almost exploded.

      --
      Think of how stupid the average person is, and realize half of them are stupider than that.
  2. "Weird"? by sznupi · · Score: 4, Interesting

    If anything, all of this could be mean that our system is quite weird; at least on average.

    And probably still wouldn't be a problem for "life" in general, considering there are several places suspected of harboring life in our own system, all of them quite "hostile" at first sight.

    Complex life is another thing, of course... (or - we're frakked, because the aliens will turn out to be total badasses; due to evolving in very harsh conditions ;p )

    --
    One that hath name thou can not otter
    1. Re:"Weird"? by Thanshin · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Complex life is another thing, of course... (or - we're frakked, because the aliens will turn out to be total badasses; due to evolving in very harsh conditions)

      Or the opposite. Maybe they feel dizzy in stable orbits, like pirates in firm land.

      Maybe their ships wobble on crazy trajectories, to keep them calm and at ease.

    2. Re:"Weird"? by Kjella · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Complex life is another thing, of course... (or - we're frakked, because the aliens will turn out to be total badasses; due to evolving in very harsh conditions ;p )

      I'm guessing where they evolved will make precious little difference, we've built tools to let us survive far more than our bodies could take. What's a little bone exoskeleton against a kevlar vest? I'm fairly sure it's only in Avatar you can fire a machine gun all over a beast's face and not have it become a bloody pulp.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
    3. Re:"Weird"? by mcvos · · Score: 4, Insightful

      For complex life to develop, you need conditions that do regularly provide evolutionary pressure, without completely wiping out all life.

      Asteroid impacts are fine and even very useful for wiping out stagnant populations (like the dinosaurs) and giving room for new species to develop into, but they shouldn't be so big that they demolish the entire planet, or occur so often that no life is possible on the surface of the planet. Jupiter plays a huge role in that.

      But there are also other factors. I'm pretty sure that our big moon and the tides it generates are a big factor in creating ever changing environments that provide a lot of opportunities and evolutionary pressure for populations, and that's all caused by a devastating Mars-sized impact. But another one like that would easily wipe out all life here.

      Weather, seismic activity, it all plays a role. I definitely think our planet has a good chance of being reasonably unique.

    4. Re:"Weird"? by kitsunewarlock · · Score: 1

      Or we've evolved in extraordinarily harsh conditions without realizing it and the aliens think they have it easy.
      "You guys only live for *how* many centuries each? And you require two people to pass on DNA to encourage evolutionary mutations so your spawn can adapt to future changes in your enviornment?!"

      --
      Ginga no Rekshiya Mata Each page.
    5. Re:"Weird"? by sznupi · · Score: 2, Interesting

      However, don't forget that the tools are also influenced by different circumstances.

      If they, by using your example, would be naturally more armored (plus what's stopping them from also adding artificial armor, even to the point of modifying bone exoskeleton into a kind of composite armor that our modern tanks use?) - there could be pressure present to develop more effective weapons. If they would evolve in a place with 2g, they would be able to effortlessly carry a cargo equal to their mass when on Earth (that would be actually required for them to move comfortably - look at footage from the Moon ;p ). Who knows if their LEO figthers wouldn't tend to outclass ours in such case, meant to routinelly "fight" much deeper gravity well...

      (all of this of course assuming we're on roughly equal footing, discarding the required huge technological advancement to get to us)

      --
      One that hath name thou can not otter
    6. Re:"Weird"? by Wiarumas · · Score: 4, Interesting

      But perhaps a badass exoskeleton life form wouldn't be that smart. Think of the Alien movies... they were highly evolved, but not really intelligent. Probably because they became such efficient killers that they never had to outsmart other animals. Which, as a result, would mean that unless we had to conquer a planet, we would never encounter such beasts. And if we did, I would hope that science would have had made enough advances allow us to effectively kill them seeing that we were able to overcome intergalactic travel.

      --
      I will bend like a reed in the wind.
    7. Re:"Weird"? by LWATCDR · · Score: 1

      Not really.
      On earth life that becomes a total bad ass to use your words tends to come from a moderate climate.
      If it is too harsh then nobody does anything but just survive.
      Too soft and well no effort is really needed.

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
    8. Re:"Weird"? by sznupi · · Score: 1

      Question is - where is the "optimal" point for such evolutionary pressure? I don't think we can assume we have it (who even knows in which direction is our deviation), even if our limited data suggest we're quite close (and for exactly what kind of life? We can probably assume that for complex biological one, sure, even it exists for few hundred millions years only - the rest of the time being dominated by bacteria...which still rule this place; but is it for "intelligent" life? So far we seem to be quite self-destructive, triggering one of the biggest extinction events...)

      --
      One that hath name thou can not otter
    9. Re:"Weird"? by camperdave · · Score: 4, Funny

      Maybe they feel dizzy in stable orbits, like pirates in firm land.

      Ah! That would explain why they drink copious amounts of rum; to keep the land "unsteady".

      --
      When our name is on the back of your car, we're behind you all the way!
    10. Re:"Weird"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      I was always under the impression that the aliens were genetically engineered rather than evolved, in which case you probably don't want your elite killing machines to be smarter than you (although they demostrated great cunning). Predator, on the other hand, represents a naturally evolved alien race with intelligence.

    11. Re:"Weird"? by Thanshin · · Score: 1

      Ah! That would explain why they drink copious amounts of rum; to keep the land "unsteady".

      That'll be my official excuse from now on.

      I didn't drink too much, I was just trying to imitate the wobbly land of my home planet.

    12. Re:"Weird"? by Mindcontrolled · · Score: 4, Insightful

      True, but highly elliptical orbits pose not only the problem of harsh conditions, but of rapidly changing, oscillating conditions. This becomes a problem for the evolution of a biochemistry because every complex chemical system is only stable in a rather narrow interval. If the oscillation is large enough, there might just be no stable biochemistry possible.

      Given that you need a reasonable amount of complexity to implement the basic necessities of life, in particular information storage, as well as a metabolism, I don't see much of an alternative to a carbon-based biochemistry. Carbon-based chemistry is the most versatile system, able to build a near infinite variations of molecules - this is a singular property among all the elements.

      However, organic molecules tend to be not overly stable outside of a rather small temperature range. On the one hand, this is good for life, because it provides the necessary chemical reactivity and flexibility to make a living system possible. On the other hand, this severely limits possible habitats for extraterrestrial life. On the gripping hand, the conditions on Earth are not just favourable for any random biochemistry, they are favourable for the most complex class of chemical compounds possible. This does not exclude the possibility of other biochemistries adapted to other conditions, it does, however limit the set of possible conditions for life.

      --
      Ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant.
    13. Re:"Weird"? by PineHall · · Score: 4, Informative

      This fits the Rare Earth hypothesis which argues that complex life is rare in the universe. So earth's situation is "weird" and unusual if the hypothesis is correct.

    14. Re:"Weird"? by Vekseid · · Score: 1

      That does not remove Earth and other planets as valid data points. We know that Venus and Mars, if they had life at one point, don't have much now, for a variety of reasons we can only work to refine our data on.

      At the same time, we can look at a number of extrasolar planets and come to similar conclusions by observation. While we can't really know until we find another world harboring complex life, we can look at an ever-increasing number of dead rocks to see what conditions are obviously unsuitable.

    15. Re:"Weird"? by happy_place · · Score: 1

      But this article suggests the origins of life, that's the very first living creatures, not diversification as we find on our own planet. It may be that very stable and nutrient rich solutions with very few variations are necessary to coddle the first stages of life into existence, after which evolutionary processes can start the whole "survival of the fittest" diversification of life, that causes life to evolve into an ability to dwell in more extreme climates. This would also explain why seas were a cradle of life, because even physical movement is restricted, and as competition evolves and the ability of life to move and compete increases, then life would be able to move into more "challenging" ecosystems, like faster moving, air-breathing land-based creatures.

      --
      http://www.beanleafpress.com
    16. Re:"Weird"? by ElKry · · Score: 1

      But its another thing to adapt to a location that fluctuates between extreme hot and extreme cold, etc. Not saying its impossible, but probably more difficult.

      I don't know about you, but where I live, we call them "summer" and "winter".

      You're right, "extreme" is a relative term.

    17. Re:"Weird"? by corbettw · · Score: 4, Funny

      I wonder if there's a way to handle creatures like that from far away? Like, in orbit. You know, just to be sure.

      --
      God invented whiskey so the Irish would not rule the world.
    18. Re:"Weird"? by mldi · · Score: 1

      (or - we're frakked, because the aliens will turn out to be total badasses; due to evolving in very harsh conditions ;p )

      Depends what atmosphere the fight is in.

      --
      If you aren't suspicious of your government's actions, you aren't doing your job as a responsible citizen.
    19. Re:"Weird"? by Gulthek · · Score: 1

      Point #1: there's no such thing as "highly evolved". You and I (or the xenomorph) is no more highly evolved than an mold spore. We've all evolved in parallel to best fit into our respective environments, if we weren't then we'd be extinct.

      Point #2: the xenomorph didn't evolve. It was a genetically engineered weapon ready to be dropped out of the bomb bays of the derelict alien spaceship, but something went wrong.

      Pedantic. Yes.

    20. Re:"Weird"? by Dragonslicer · · Score: 1

      But its another thing to adapt to a location that fluctuates between extreme hot and extreme cold, etc. Not saying its impossible, but probably more difficult.

      I don't know about you, but where I live, we call them "summer" and "winter". You're right, "extreme" is a relative term.

      A large number of species deal with the seasons by avoiding them, such as by migration or hibernation. In areas with greater variation, winters tend to be fairly dead.

    21. Re:"Weird"? by maxume · · Score: 1

      Ever since the cyanobacteria poisoned the atmosphere, life has been the biggest evolutionary pressure that life has had to face.

      --
      Nerd rage is the funniest rage.
    22. Re:"Weird"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      the aliens will turn out to be total badasses

      So basically a planet full of Keanu Reeves'?

    23. Re:"Weird"? by wiredlogic · · Score: 5, Informative

      If anything, all of this could be mean that our system is quite weird; at least on average.

      Possibly, but not likely. Our current planet detection methods are skewed toward finding the oddballs with high mass and highly elliptical low orbital periods. They induce the most wobble and occlude the most light from their stars. As such, they are the easiest to find over short observation periods.

      --
      I am becoming gerund, destroyer of verbs.
    24. Re:"Weird"? by 49152 · · Score: 1

      If anything, all of this could be mean that our system is quite weird; at least on average.

      While we still lack the capability to detect Earth like planets around Sun like sun systems I think it is meaningless to use empirical data to discuss if our own solar system is average or not.

      The only planets we can detect are either gas giants and preferably close to their sun or smaller planets around red dwarfs.

    25. Re:"Weird"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Point #2: the xenomorph didn't evolve. It was a genetically engineered weapon ready to be dropped out of the bomb bays of the derelict alien spaceship, but something went wrong.

      [citation needed]

    26. Re:"Weird"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We as the human species are highly evolved because we can manipulate the environment we live in, our brain and thought process are more complex. We are further down the evolution chain, and therefore "highly evolved" compared to other species such as mold spores.

    27. Re:"Weird"? by BJ_Covert_Action · · Score: 1

      We know that Venus and Mars, if they had life at one point, don't have much now,

      I have to say that is an assertion rather than a fact. We have not discovered much life on Venus or Mars yet, but consider that we have only sent a small handful of probes and rovers to either. We may have mapped the surface of Mars from orbit, but that doesn't mean we would have discovered whatever potential life may be there. Consider the fact that many of the Earth imaging satellite systems have a very hard time resolving pictures of humans on the surface (really, even getting 30 meter resolution of visible data is extremely difficult). That said, having a couple of imaging satellites over Mars is hardly enough to rule out some kind of more complex life. Add to that the fact that Mars is pocked with numerous craters and canyons and such (both at the poles and the equator) and it becomes apparent that we still don't know that much about Mars. Hell, for an exercise, just try searching for images of Mars developed in the 1990's and then images developed in the 2000's. You will see a huge difference in the way the planet is depicted precisely because there was so much new information to be learned in that small span of time. Making the claim, therefore, that Mars doesn't have much life on it now is a very bold statement considering that our high resolution data of Mars is still very small at best. Frankly, we just haven't explored that planet enough to know whether or not there still is some kind of life on or below the surface.

      Now, if we take a look at Venus, the data is even more limited. We hardly have any surface data of that planet. We hardly have any probes that have penetrated the atmosphere and beamed back detailed information. We don't have any rovers poking around there. To claim that there is not much life on Venus is simply a bold statement brought on by over-confidence in our scientific progression in the last fifty years or so. We still don't have much of a clue regarding the minute details of the Venusian surface so to claim that there isn't some form of complex life there is simply unfounded.

    28. Re:"Weird"? by cowscows · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I'm curious as to why you've referred to the dinosaur population pre-extinction as stagnant. I'm not suggesting that you're wrong, just interested in what that might mean.

      --

      One time I threw a brick at a duck.

    29. Re:"Weird"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      It's almost like we were created, or something...

    30. Re:"Weird"? by MrLogic17 · · Score: 1

      > (or - we're frakked, because the aliens will turn out to be total badasses; due to evolving in very harsh conditions ;p )

      See also "Death World" by Harry Harrison. Only the first book in the trilogy is any good.

    31. Re:"Weird"? by rickb928 · · Score: 1

      "or - we're frakked, because the aliens will turn out to be total badasses; due to evolving in very harsh conditions"

      Hmmm...

      Since anything other then *your* native environment will probly seem 'harsh', especially if you have the habit of visting all sorts of planets, visitors will probably show up here and either stay in their ships as they hose us with directed-energy weapons or spray us with whatever biological goo does us as they wish us to be done. Unlikely that they will land and walk out all crip and neat like Anna, but then again they may send cyborgs to interact with us. Disposal, assimilation or submission comes later, when they have enough data for an assessment, assuming they care at all.

      But if they are somewhat more primitive, then we might get visitors that are in exposure suits, and we might be able to nick a few before they get the hang of it here.

      Either way, leading with nukes and F-16s will not be our best shot. Smallpox might kill them off faster, and we can clean that up easier than worldwide nukes. Then it's the choice, do we kill the invaders and 30% of our population, or wait for a better strategy to come out of the Resistance?

      ps - I'm not concerned at all.... It's just interesting.

      --
      deleting the extra space after periods so i can stay relevant, yeah.
    32. Re:"Weird"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We're smarter (and better looking) but it doesn't mean we evolved any more.

    33. Re:"Weird"? by rednip · · Score: 1

      Use of mass drivers would be a war crime, sir.

      --
      The force that blew the Big Bang continues to accelerate.
    34. Re:"Weird"? by bingoUV · · Score: 1

      Temperature range?

      The "life" only needs to evolve a insulation / temperature control mechanism during the time when temperature was good for it. Or, say, the "surroundings" are such that they maintain somewhat stable temperature through a negative feedback in a electro/magnetic/chemical/physical/nuclear etc. reaction.

      So the wildly oscillating temperature alone cannot be the excuse of lack of life on millions of rocks-floating-around-giant-thermonuclear-devices, for billions of years.

      --
      Bingo Dictionary - Pragmatist, n. A myopic idealist.
    35. Re:"Weird"? by Mindcontrolled · · Score: 2, Informative

      You need a working biochemistry before you can evolve anything. You are at best proposing a mechanism how life could move into a more extreme environment - and then there are still limitations. Thermodynamics is one unforgiving bitch.... There still has to be a somewhat stable environment to kickstart the process. And yes, you are of course right that this could be a local zone of beneficial conditions. That still lowers the probability of the process, though - and I have the suspicion that this probability is low enough even in a large scale decent environment.

      --
      Ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant.
    36. Re:"Weird"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Imho there is actually nothing odd about thinking that we are alone as an intelligent life form in this universe. Maybe the number of universes, each with their own space and time ofc, is endless. Then even if only 1/1000th of them is inhabitated by conscious life, it would raise the chance that there exists intelligent lifeforms like us, who are wondering about their existance, to 1. Nothing odd about it anymore.
      On the other hand conscious life could also be more common. I just mentioned it, because some people some people find the idea odd that intelligent life is rare, but it would be no more odd than if intelligent life was common. What is true can only decided by research, not with a gut decision.

    37. Re:"Weird"? by jd · · Score: 3, Informative

      Absolutely true. When the Square Kilometer Array (eventually) comes online, it will be possible to directly observe any exoplanet Earth-size or larger at a distance of 1 AU or greater from its sun at a distance of 100 LY from Earth, provided it is not perfectly reflective or perfectly dark within the range of frequencies being looked at. (If there's even one absorption line, the planet will be visible.) With the current design, at the limits given above, the head of the SETI Institute has stated that such a planet would resolve to one pixel. (That particular talk was fascinating, BTW.)

      However, consider that most radio telescope arrays have nothing like that collecting area, nor do they have anything like the effective dish radius. Most radio telescope arrays simply can't directly observe exoplanets at any significant distance. This is why indirect observation and indirect measurements remain the norm.

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    38. Re:"Weird"? by bingoUV · · Score: 1

      lowers the probability?

      How probable is it that a planet has an ozone layer in somewhat upper atmosphere? How probable is it that the one liquid available in enormous quantity is extremely weird, compared to many other liquids:

      1. Transparent - with electromagnetic energy being major source of energy, this is somewhat important.
      2. Huge thermal capacity
      3. Solid form insulates, and more shockingly, is lighter than liquid. So beautifully shelters life.

      If it were not that I were residing on the very same planet, I would find it unthinkable that such a planet could exist. Things with low probabilities do happen, especially during billions of years and as yet uncountable floating rocks.

      --
      Bingo Dictionary - Pragmatist, n. A myopic idealist.
    39. Re:"Weird"? by mcvos · · Score: 1

      Temperature range?

      The "life" only needs to evolve a insulation / temperature control mechanism during the time when temperature was good for it.

      Only? You'd still need to spend hundreds of thousands of years in a habitable zone while slowly pushing the limits.

    40. Re:"Weird"? by mcvos · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If it were not that I were residing on the very same planet, I would find it unthinkable that such a planet could exist. Things with low probabilities do happen, especially during billions of years and as yet uncountable floating rocks.

      This is one of those cases where the Anthropic Principle is very relevant: had such a planet been impossible, there wouldn't be anyone around to consider such a planet would be unthinkable. The only universe that can be observed is one where such a planet is possible.

    41. Re:"Weird"? by Mindcontrolled · · Score: 1

      Of course they do. Obviously it happened at least once. The question I am trying to discuss is not whether such things can happen, but rather how often we would expect them to happen. That's all. My point still stands - planets with highly excentric/elliptical orbits are less likely to develop life than stable planets like earth. A lot of our physicochemical and biochemical knowledge speaks for that. Now, of course, we suffer under the bias of our exoplanet detection methods, so I would not draw conclusions to the overall probability of frequency of life in the universe. Our statistics are skewed towards the non-earth like planets, because we detect them easier.

      --
      Ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant.
    42. Re:"Weird"? by bingoUV · · Score: 1

      Well, its just luck. You may find the secret in a few minutes. Or you may not find this secret in trillions of years. Hundreds of thousands of years is just a single instance of the above class of time-periods. Any reason why you choose "hundreds of thousands of years" ? Please don't tell me earthlings needed so much time to develop interesting things so everyone must.

      Toss million coins. Probability of all heads - not much.

      Try the experiment parallelly on all the rocks-floating-around-thermonuclear-device, for billions of years. Probability of all heads in one of these experiments - reasonable. I say this especially because Earth itself has a lot of incredible (to an impartial observer) coincidences. So lack of extraordinary coincidences is absolutely ruled out.

      --
      Bingo Dictionary - Pragmatist, n. A myopic idealist.
    43. Re:"Weird"? by bingoUV · · Score: 1

      That is exactly what I pointed to. See the million coin toss experiment I referred to in this post. One may say that million coins all heads is so unlikely, and reject the possibility as a serious one. But then, one would be wrong.

      --
      Bingo Dictionary - Pragmatist, n. A myopic idealist.
    44. Re:"Weird"? by bingoUV · · Score: 1

      planets with highly excentric/elliptical orbits are less likely to develop life than stable planets like earth. A lot of our physicochemical and biochemical knowledge speaks for that

      Knowledge of likelihood? With one experiment and no control?

      Once upon a time, a 10 year boy tossed a coin, it turned up heads. The boy concluded that it is less likely to get tails up rather than heads up when you toss up a coin. Given the circs, pardon me, but I would trust human ignorance more than human knowledge.

      --
      Bingo Dictionary - Pragmatist, n. A myopic idealist.
    45. Re:"Weird"? by Mindcontrolled · · Score: 1

      Life is based on chemistry and on thermodynamics. There are constraints that have to be universal. Life needs a certain complexity of the underlying chemistry that allows somewhat stable information storage and the possibility of teleonomic structures paired with enough reactivity to actually allow a metabolism. Life needs thermodynamic boundary conditions that allow for dynamic equilibria. We can compare different environments with regard to these boundary conditions and give very rough estimates of relative probabilities for life to evolve. Of course we can't quantify that, but whatever form life might take out there, it is bound to be restricted by these very elementary conditions.

      --
      Ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant.
    46. Re:"Weird"? by Chris+Burke · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Asteroid impacts are fine and even very useful for wiping out stagnant populations (like the dinosaurs) and giving room for new species to develop into

      Um I'm not aware of any evidence that dinosaurs were "stagnant". They were continuously evolving to fill niches as environments changed, and exceptionally successful at doing so.

      The K-T Event was obviously "useful" from the perspective of us mammals since it gave us a chance to shine and fill niches the dinosaurs previously had. It's conceivable mammals still would have out-competed dinosaurs eventually, but anything but guaranteed. So from our perspective it was a good thing.

      But saying the mass extinctions of the past were "useful" from a neutral viewpoint because they got rid of "stagnant" groups like the dinosaurs sounds like an unjustified value judgment to me.

      Weather, seismic activity, it all plays a role. I definitely think our planet has a good chance of being reasonably unique.

      Unique, sure. Snowflakes are unique, but the differences rarely matter.

      What I'm saying is, sure there will be plenty of planets with properties that make it difficult if not impossible for life to evolve. Sure our planet has a unique set of circumstances. In between, there's a wide variety of possible planets where life could hypothetically evolve, just with a different path than ours. And so far there's little evidence that this wide gray area is unpopulated (though sadly little evidence *for* these planets, but our ability to detect those planets if they exist is quite limited).

      --

      The enemies of Democracy are
    47. Re:"Weird"? by Danse · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Here's the situation as I understand it (someone correct me if I get some of this wrong):

      The line of organisms that we're descended from has changed quite a bit over time. Other lines have not changed much because they were sufficiently well-suited to their environment already. The theory of common ancestry says that we're all descended originally from one, or a small handful of the earliest forms of life. As life became more distributed, evolutionary forces shaped the populations in each environment into organisms suited to those environments. In cases where life wasn't suited to survive, it simply didn't.

      So all life has been evolving for the same amount of time, but some exhibit more dramatic changes over time, while others continue to thrive in forms rather similar to their ancestors from a a couple billion years ago. Evolution has no ultimate goal, so their is no notion of "more" or "less" evolved. There's that which survives and that which does not. We're not "more evolved", we're just different, and adapted to our own environments.

      --
      It's not enough to bash in heads, you've got to bash in minds. - Captain Hammer
    48. Re:"Weird"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just because a condition is harsh doesn't rule out effective adaptation and coping strategies. Plenty of plants and animals here on Earth deal with unfavorable environments just fine.

      In an extreme environment combine hibernation with migration and locust-like behavior, and it wouldn't be too far fetched to get something like the sci-fi critters that made Riddick their chew-toy in the movie Pitch Black. You wouldn't know they're there until the conditions are just right.

    49. Re:"Weird"? by sunspot42 · · Score: 1

      True, but highly elliptical orbits pose not only the problem of harsh conditions, but of rapidly changing, oscillating conditions.

      Yes, but there are many other factors to consider. For example, with a highly elliptical orbit, a planet would spend far more time in the outermost portion of its orbit than it would spend close to its sun. So while the orbital summer experienced might be severe, it would also be brief. Here on earth all sorts of lifeforms exhibit the ability to survive brief climatic extremes, and even lengthy extremes in many cases (for example, animals in the arctic and in Antarctica). If anything, such environments seem to encourage evolution. So it isn't at all clear that extreme planetwide seasons would be bad for life in general. They could in fact prove to be a good thing, at least to some degree.

      Beyond that, there are all sorts of factors which could mitigate the impact such orbital extremes might have. For example, an atmosphere substantially thicker than the earth's would serve to better-insulate a planet and to distribute heat to the far side of the planet. Such a world's climate could end up far less extreme than that of the earth, even though its orbit is substantially more elliptical.

      People also seem to neglect the possibility of habitable moons. In our own solar system there are only 4 terrestrial planets, but dozens of moons. We're finding many systems where enormous gas giant planets orbit within the habitable zones of their suns. Often these worlds are many times more massive than Jupiter, implying they could posses rocky moons as massive as Mars, the Earth or even bigger. Many of these moons would have short stable days and because of tidal heating are virtually guaranteed to have molten cores and therefore their own magnetic fields (even fairly low-mass moons). They'd also benefit from reflected and even radiant heat coming from the massive planet they orbit, which would help to substantially expand the habitable zone of these systems and smooth climatic extremes on worlds in more elliptical orbits.

      There are certainly other variables we haven't even considered yet, because we have so little data to go on at this time. We can already perform some informed guesses based on what little we know - there's nothing wrong with that - but clearly we still have a lot to learn before we can assess the frequency of potentially habitable worlds in the cosmos. It is however very exciting to be living in a time when we're about to acquire the data to make valid estimates possible.

    50. Re:"Weird"? by Mindcontrolled · · Score: 1

      I generally agree - but it hugely depends on the orbit in question. The range of difference in conditions can't really exceed the stable range of the chemistry making up a particular form of life by much. As I argued, this has most likely to be carbon based. Of course this still leaves the possibility of life on such planets, but the probability is in my opinion much lower than on planets with more stable orbits. Moons - now they are a completely different question. I completely agree with your points there. I am not making any statements about general probabilities of life, we have way to few informations for that. I am just saying there are some biophysical constraints that rule out certain places.

      --
      Ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant.
    51. Re:"Weird"? by bingoUV · · Score: 1

      Life is based on chemistry and on thermodynamics.

      Weird thing to say. Even if you look only at life as we know it, life is based on a lot more than that. Life on earth is based on thermonuclear reactions (Sun). Life on earth is based on green-house effect (temperature regulation). Life on earth is based on magnetism (protection by earth's magnetic field). Life on earth is based on physical actions (melting, condensing, evaporating etc. of water). Why you would concentrate only on chemistry is beyond me. And though these processes obey the laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamics is not the most salient feature of a lot of these processes.

      Why ignore nuclear reactions, physical reactions, magnetic action, electrical action, electro-magnetic action (on a macro scale, electro magnetic behaves quite different from electrical and magnetic)? And who knows what else is yet to be discovered? What is so special about chemistry?

      We can compare different environments with regard to these boundary conditions and give very rough estimates of relative probabilities for life to evolve.

      Quite arrogant of humans to assume that. Human idea of water (considered extremely important in forming an opinion on possibility of life) on the Moon (closest "heavenly" body, and also easiest to study) has changed drastically within last 1 or 2 years. Humans had even started speculating on real-estate on Moon with zero knowledge of this new fact. And you claim you can not only imagine and reproduce, but also analyze all the possible environments in all the floating rocks of the universe for probabilities of life to a non-trivial degree of accuracy?

      Even if we restrict ourselves to chemistry (developing a huge prejudice hereby, but you seem to be keen on chemistry) - there cannot be chemicals that humans have not yet dreamed of? Which behave unimaginably in yet unimagined conditions? If your planet did not have water, would you have dreamed of such a weird chemical?

      Coming back to your original point,

      planets with highly excentric/elliptical orbits are less likely to develop life than stable planets like earth

      Based on the sample size of 1/unity of our observation - maybe. You say this because you suspect wild temperature swings. What if the "Sun" is not the main heat source? It is true even on the Earth at some places - within your precious sample size of unity. With what certainty can you say that such non-Sun heat source is not exceedingly common on any piece of rock even a light year away? Human remote sensing, and analysis of the goings-on at remote places ability lost all credibility after the "discovery" of water on the Moon by Chandrayaan.

      Would you have any inkling that a planet with an eccentric orbit just 100 light years away, next-door in astronomical terms, which has one side always in dark, does not have a nuclear fission reaction, or another chemical reaction providing thermal stability and (hence) life to a thriving ecosystem? Do you even know what all we do not know yet? Discovering such knowledge can only follow.

      --
      Bingo Dictionary - Pragmatist, n. A myopic idealist.
    52. Re:"Weird"? by largesnike · · Score: 1

      Looking a little further down the periodic table, we find Silicon, which, like Carbon, has a +4 valence. This gives it a staggering variety of possible molecular combinations. We have seen in Geochemistry long chains such as those in in some amphiboles and sheet like structures in Mica. I'd guess that if there was a higher temperature overall ansd some form of dipole liquid to serve as a transporter of ions, we might have a viable buiochemistry.

      Aside from that, I largely agree with your points.

      --
      "Laugh while you can a-monkey boy!" - Dr Emilio Lizardo
    53. Re:"Weird"? by Kjella · · Score: 1

      Well, yes and no. In a way everything is "evolved" but you can also put them to absolute tests of logic, memory, pattern recognition and so on not entirely unlike an IQ test for humans. In that sense some species will be smart and others less smart, depending on what evolutionary path they've taken. Whether that means they're less evolved or not really depends on the logic of the scale. The reason we see it as a goal is because to us it signifies a different stage of evolution where it's not about adapting to the environment, but where we adapt the environment to us. We no longer rely on primitive instincts but the collection and passing down of knowledge, through science and medicine we have made and continue to make huge leaps in our ability to survive.

      Cockroaches are very evolved in terms of survivability, but they're very little evolved if we would like to have a conversation with it. That means a lot to us for example when it comes to how we treat nature, a tree is also evolved but cutting off a branch isn't like amputating a dog. And no doubt we started with simple organisms, so over time we have evolved towards more complex organisms, even if that does not imply that we are directly superior it is another reason for giving it direction. I think it is foremost though because we believe the ultimate evolutionary win is by intelligence, that through it we can make ourselves more survivable than the cockroach, fit to any environment that supports life and to create it or bring it with us where there isn't. For example To the best of our knowledge no life can live in open space or on the Moon, but we have brought humans there and back again anyway.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
    54. Re:"Weird"? by Danse · · Score: 1

      Of course if the environment changed drastically, such as through a worldwide nuclear exchange, cockroaches could easily be at the upper end of intelligence on the planet again. Intelligence may give us the ability to adapt nature to our needs, but it also gives us the ability to destroy ourselves. So, while I see your point about intelligence being seen as "more evolved", it's still just one direction and one outcome. It's not necessarily the best one for long-term survival of the species.

      --
      It's not enough to bash in heads, you've got to bash in minds. - Captain Hammer
    55. Re:"Weird"? by panuvin · · Score: 1

      Would their scientists understand that the shortest distance between two points is a straight line? ...Or would they need a "wobble variable" in their equation? Their wobbly paths would make star travel take even longer!

    56. Re:"Weird"? by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      Even if we restrict ourselves to chemistry (developing a huge prejudice hereby, but you seem to be keen on chemistry)

      Possibly because he actually knows something about it?

      there cannot be chemicals that humans have not yet dreamed of? Which behave unimaginably in yet unimagined conditions?

      Elements have distinctive spectral signatures, and no anomalous ones have been detected anywhere. Compounds form according to known rules, and their properties are generally predictable.

      Finding any unobtanium trlithiate is pretty unlikely.

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    57. Re:"Weird"? by bingoUV · · Score: 1

      Possibly because he actually knows something about it?

      So? Just because Mindcontrolled knows something about something, other things suddenly stop to matter? How do you work that out?

      According to you, a botanist could say "Football is based on botany", just because he knows something about botany?

      Elements have distinctive spectral signatures, and no anomalous ones have been detected anywhere. Compounds form according to known rules, and their properties are generally predictable.

      Finding any unobtanium trlithiate is pretty unlikely.

      Irrelevant again. All this spectral signaturing did a fat lot of good in determining the presence of water on Moon for the last ~100 years during which the spectral patterns have been studied and observed.

      Please read the whole thread and reply in context. This jumping in, and quote-commenting random statements out of context is not helping. Thanks.

      --
      Bingo Dictionary - Pragmatist, n. A myopic idealist.
    58. Re:"Weird"? by sunspot42 · · Score: 1

      Certainly, I don't disagree that highly elliptical orbits which literally fry a given world for months at a time before plunging it into the freezing depths of a given solar system for years would represent a potentially insurmountable challenge, at least to complex surface life.

      I do wonder though if we might end up finding bizarre worlds in what might be otherwise be considered inhospitably elliptical orbits, where the "fry" phase turns out to be just enough energy to, for example, keep a global ocean from ever freezing over. The surface might be a pretty awful place on such a world, but the oceans could end up perfectly hospitable, since presumably zones of stable temperature would simply migrate toward and away from the ocean surface over the course of a year.

      Interesting times!

    59. Re:"Weird"? by juhaz · · Score: 1

      How probable is it that a planet has an ozone layer in somewhat upper atmosphere?

      How is this relevant? Earth did not have ozone layer before it had life. Life made the ozone layer possible (by pumping the atmosphere full of oxygen), not the other way around.

      How probable is it that the one liquid available in enormous quantity is extremely weird, compared to many other liquids

      Very probable, considering the said liquid, no matter "weird" it is, is the most common molecule in the freaking universe.

    60. Re:"Weird"? by bingoUV · · Score: 1

      You didn't get the point. Since I was taking (maybe) an unusual approach of discussion, I will try to describe my approach clearly here.

      I was thinking from a hypothetical alien's point of view : the reasons why such an alien might think that existence of a planet like the Earth, and Earth holding life, is unlikely. Especially if his planet doesn't have things similar to the Earth's. Competence of the alien is assumed to be similar to humans' today. Hence this competence is not much to speak of - case in point is mankind's inability to figure out extent of presence of water on the Moon during ~100 years of spectral analysis.

      I was comparing this (arguably incorrect) assumption of the said alien with Mindcontrolled's assumption of less likelihood of life on a planet with an eccentric orbit. Both the assumptions (the alien's and Mindcontrolled's) have the following deficiencies that they:

      1. extrapolate information from a single point of observation
      2. place undue trust in inadequate remote-sensing ability
      3. show over-confidence in one's own ability to conceive and analyze conditions on a far-away place

      Now we come to your points:
      1. Hence, any peculiarity of the Earth on which complex life today is dependent - is relevant. Because such a peculiarity will be assumed by our dear (Mindcontrolled | alien | maybe yourself) to be near-impossible.

      2. We have not found huge liquid water oceans on many rocks-floating-around-open-thermonuclear-plants. And from the speculations that I have read - by far the most common molecules seem to be elemental hydrogen and helium. And I was not talking about water molecule in any form but especially liquid water. And it doesn't matter either way because I just showed how unreliable human estimate of substances at far-away places is.

      --
      Bingo Dictionary - Pragmatist, n. A myopic idealist.
    61. Re:"Weird"? by sznupi · · Score: 1

      ...or if it is in any.

      --
      One that hath name thou can not otter
    62. Re:"Weird"? by sznupi · · Score: 1

      OTOH - "moderate" climates in reality mean something which has a habit of swings from harsch to soft, and back. A bit like the situation from TFA.

      --
      One that hath name thou can not otter
    63. Re:"Weird"? by sznupi · · Score: 1

      Not so much dead, as with all the life hidden and trying to survive ("the strongest..." and all that; which somehow the point ;p )

      Accidentaly, it seems one of the best adaptations to harsch condition turned out to be...high intelligence. And if our level of it is far from greatest even for organic or, more generally, biological systems...

      --
      One that hath name thou can not otter
    64. Re:"Weird"? by sznupi · · Score: 1

      Maybe. OTOH an exoskeleton (or general "badassness") might be simply...standard thing in their environment; easy to have due to certan factors & reckless not to have. Body armor was quite a bit more standard at some point in Earth prehistory, too.

      --
      One that hath name thou can not otter
    65. Re:"Weird"? by sznupi · · Score: 1

      OTOH this possibility of adapting environment to us...actually means we lately we tend to undermine our survivability, somehow. How intelligent would that be?

      Plus generally, as for our impressions regarding our intelligence - I suspect my cat often has an "impression" (as far as it goes) that I'm incredibly stupid ;)

      --
      One that hath name thou can not otter
    66. Re:"Weird"? by sznupi · · Score: 1

      In a way, be don't come even close to bacteria when it comes to modifying the environment we live in. And we would probably have a hard time recognising some form of their, say, swarm uberintelligence anyway ;)

      --
      One that hath name thou can not otter
    67. Re:"Weird"? by sznupi · · Score: 1

      Hell, regarding dinosaurs vs. mammals there wasn't that much of a difference for quite some time after the split gicing rise to those two groups. The group which eventually led to mammals was actually dominating for quite a while before the one which led to dinosaurs, but...it lost that domination due to major extinction event (sounds familiar?)

      Pushed into some niche over millions of years, it adapted night life of small animals, ones very often being prey. That means one "good" characteristic (thermoregulation) showed up fairly quickly in our lineage; but OTOH we're stuck we some detrimental things... (short living animals didn;t need more than 2 sets of teeth, for example)

      We can't be certain dinosaurs wouldn't led to some form of technological civilisation (can we be certain there wasn't at least some primitive one?...)

      --
      One that hath name thou can not otter
  3. Life adapts by Fractal+Dice · · Score: 3, Interesting

    If you lived on tropical shore where the climate was practically unchanging from day to day throughout the year, it would probably be hard to imagine life could exist in Canada.

    1. Re:Life adapts by Thanshin · · Score: 5, Funny

      If you lived on tropical shore where the climate was practically unchanging from day to day throughout the year, it would probably be hard to imagine life could exist in Canada.

      Have you been in Canada? It's pretty hard to imagine life can exist there, wherever you're from.

      I'm pretty sure they all migrated to some warmer place as soon as I left the country, only to return and scare the next tourists with stories about actually living there.

    2. Re:Life adapts by TheRaven64 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The problem is expecting life to continue to adapt if it lives on a tropical shore for millions of years, then the next year the sea freezes. A lot of factors have contributed to the evolution of life on Earth. Jupiter is large enough that it captures most large chunks of rock that could cause mass extinctions. A few have it Earth, but not nearly as many as without a large gas giant. If these happen too frequently, it's hard for the ecosystem to recover. We needed one thought to split off the moon. Without the tidal forces, the surface radioactivity would be much lower and mutation rates would be very low, meaning that evolutionary changes would take longer. Intelligent life might still have evolved, but it would have taken a lot longer.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    3. Re:Life adapts by dumuzi · · Score: 1

      I live in Canada. Our current weather forecast is for an inch of snow tomorrow (May 28th). Boo.

    4. Re:Life adapts by delinear · · Score: 3, Informative

      I guess the tide serves a dual purpose, rising and falling tides will expose sea-dwelling life forms to the air, eventually a variant life form will evolve that can survive in both states, and that leads eventually to land dwelling organisms. On a world with no tide there'd be little opportunity for life forms to be stranded out of water in sufficient quantities for that mutation to take hold, or at least not in anywhere near the same timeframe.

    5. Re:Life adapts by Aurisor · · Score: 3, Funny

      Wait, there's life in Canada?

    6. Re:Life adapts by Darkman,+Walkin+Dude · · Score: 1

      I don't know, I mean how many amphibious life forms are there around the sea shore now, crabs maybe? Compare this to the number of actual amphibians which are in or near lakes or rivers, without tidal influence but quite susceptible to drying up, and I think that the idea that plate tectonics play a much more important role than the tides becomes clear. When plates shifted around they changed the climate, causing hot and cold spells depending on how much of them was near the polar caps, pulling vast quantities of water out of the sea and thus glaciation or warm periods. Likewise currents shifted with continental drift, creating even more climatic instability.

    7. Re:Life adapts by BJ_Covert_Action · · Score: 1

      You know, in all of these life on other planet stories, I've seen Jupiter touted as this savior planet because it prevents so many asteroid impacts here on Earth. That's all well and good for us, but who is to say that frequent asteroid impacts couldn't be an evolutionary pressure in and of themselves? I mean, perhaps a system that got bombarded by asteroids constantly would breed a lifeform that could go into some kind os suspended animation/hibernation period during the resulting sun blackout/dust cloud. Perhaps frequent asteroid impacts would breed a lifeform that thrives in the high heat environment immediately following such an impact, but that immediately goes into some kind of slow metabolism period to survive the following winter. Hell, maybe it would breed some other completely crazy kind of lifeform that used the impact event to eject itself into the upper atmosphere where it then coasted in orbit for years, gaining energy from it's stars radiation, before slowly deorbiting back to the surface to await another impact event.

      I mean, sure, humans aren't particularly evolved to handle an asteroid impact. That doesn't mean that some other form of complex life isn't.

    8. Re:Life adapts by TheRaven64 · · Score: 1

      The problem is that evolution happens slowly. Asteroid impacts are a very abrupt change in the environment. They kill off a lot of species. A very slightly larger impact last time, and even the plants would have died, causing the atmosphere to lose its oxygen content and everything else to die within a few years.

      Regular small impacts would be fine. Killing off 90% of the population periodically can spur rapid adaptation, as we've seen in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but you just need one impact that kills off 100% and it's game over. The more impacts you have, the greater the chance that one of them will kill everything.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    9. Re:Life adapts by DarthVain · · Score: 1

      Meh. I thought it was obvious. We are polar bears that have adapted to hunting Humans by mimicking their behavior. Over time we have come to look just like them, unfortunately many have also become jerks as a result.

    10. Re:Life adapts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Life, or intelligent life?

    11. Re:Life adapts by bingoUV · · Score: 1

      I have never really understood this theory. For an overwhelming majority of time, Jupiter is quite far away from Earth. So, acting like a shield is out of question. Then, its effect of gravitationally ward off evil from Earth, would not be much more than that of the real big daddy, Sun, warding off evil from Earth gravitationally.

      I guess Jupiter is overrated.

      --
      Bingo Dictionary - Pragmatist, n. A myopic idealist.
    12. Re:Life adapts by Favonius+Cornelius · · Score: 1

      You know there are bugs in the Sahara desert which lay dorment in egg form for a year or more, and then when the one time it rains, they hatch and mate in the spance of a few days before it dries again. Even on our earth there is life which adapts to wildly changing environment.

      --
      "Men willingly believe what they wish." - Julius Caesar
    13. Re:Life adapts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not life as we know it.

    14. Re:Life adapts by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The idea that Jupiter protects us sounds good, but what's the basis? Space is big. Really big. You thought...anyway, space is big. Think of you in a life-jacket in the ocean, and an aircraft carrier 500 miles away circling you. Now imagine 10,000 torpedoes going across the ocean. Yes, the chance of one hitting the carrier is better than one hitting you, but I don't think you can argue that the carrier is protecting you in any meaningful way.

  4. Weird Exoplanets by Thanshin · · Score: 5, Funny

    "Captain. The orbit in this exoplanet is a bit weird. Summer might get be a bit warm"

    "Let's surf in the beach, warm? Or Today we all stay in the fridge, warm."

    "Sir, it'll be Hold your rifle with extended arms so the metal drops don't make holes in your boots, warm."

    1. Re:Weird Exoplanets by Shakrai · · Score: 3, Funny

      Captain: Ok, let's beam down. I want the entire senior staff to join the party along with Ensign Smith.
      Ensign Smith: Fuck.

      --
      I want peace on earth and goodwill toward man.
      We are the United States Government! We don't do that sort of thing.
    2. Re:Weird Exoplanets by Conspiracy_Of_Doves · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I would pay good money to see a scene from the Enterprise's security lounge. Everyone huddled, quivering in their chairs in a sort of vertical fetal position, waiting for the dreaded PA to sound:

      "Ensigns Smith and Jones, report to the transporter room for away team duty"

      There would be wails of anguish and much gnashing of teeth.

      And probably posters on the wall reminding people to make sure their Last Will and Testament is in order.

    3. Re:Weird Exoplanets by DarthVain · · Score: 1

      That and the reverence they all share towards Ensign Jimmy O'Toole the only red shirt to survive 5 away team trips. He would have a safety poster in the lounge with his face on it and a finger pointing with the text: WWJD?!

    4. Re:Weird Exoplanets by bsDaemon · · Score: 2, Insightful

      which raises another question... is there not a single enlisted man in the entirety of star fleet? everyone seems to be a commissioned officer.

    5. Re:Weird Exoplanets by ThunderThor53 · · Score: 1

      Well, O'Brien was a non-com, which kinda counts. Still, no enlisted crewmen come to mind.

  5. Hmmm, by Anon-Admin · · Score: 4, Insightful

    First, Although the smaller inner planets would be hard pressed for life the moons of the gas giants orbiting closer to the sun could harbor life. There are only 8 (Or 9) planets in our solar system but there are over 300 moons.

    Add to this that scientists seem to expect that life will only evolve on rocky earth like planets so it seems like a small chance. I know that the earth is the only example of life bearing planet that we have but to expect all life in the universe to exist in the same way that we do is narrow sighted. It would not surprise me to find out that there are fish swimming in a methane ocean on a distant planet in temperatures that would kill us.

    Some day I fully expect to hear "It's Life, but not as we know it" and it not be a star trek reference. Well, Ok, how about only 1/2 a star trek reference. ;)

    1. Re:Hmmm, by thijsh · · Score: 2, Funny

      Slashdot: it's Life, but not as we know it...

  6. Um yeah. by DaveV1.0 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Of course, the fact that we are finding these weird systems may simply be because they are the easiest to detect and all the stars with planetary systems like ours are thought to not have planets because we can't detect the planets using current methods and data.

    Remember, Jupiter orbits the sun once every 12 years. So, if we were trying to detect our own solar system at 10 light years, how long would it take to detect Jupiter's effect on Sol's position?

    --
    There is no "-1 offended" or "-1 you don't agree with me" mod options for a reason.
    1. Re:Um yeah. by confused+one · · Score: 5, Interesting

      You've hit the nail on the head. We're seeing these systems because either the gas giant is so close to the star that it obviously occludes the light and affects the radial acceleration of the star, or because their orbit extends far enough out from the star that it intersects with and modifies the surrounding debris cloud (think Oort).

      Kepler and COROT are starting to return results. They'll need a decade or two to identify Jupiters and Kepler will need 4 or 5 years to identify an Earth or Mars.

    2. Re:Um yeah. by Angst+Badger · · Score: 1

      Remember, Jupiter orbits the sun once every 12 years. So, if we were trying to detect our own solar system at 10 light years, how long would it take to detect Jupiter's effect on Sol's position?

      Possibly never. One of the reason we can detect so-called "hot Jupiters" is not just that their orbital period is very short, but also because, being close to their parent stars, the gravitational attraction of the planet upon the star is very, very strong. Gravity falls off in proportion to the square of the distance, so a Jupiter-sized planet in a Jupiter-like orbit makes its star wobble a lot less than a Jupiter-sized planet in an extremely tight orbit.

      Needless to say, this is going to profoundly bias one's results if you take this kind of inherently limited sample and extrapolate to stellar systems in general. To make the obligatory car analogy, this is like standing under a bridge and only being able to observe the vehicles that make the bridge shake a lot as they pass over. It will seem as if all vehicles are tractor trailers because you just can't detect the much larger number of small cars passing over.

      Mind you, this doesn't mean that these stellar systems don't represent the norm, and if we eventually detect systems like this in most of the places we look, they will turn out to be the norm even if we can't ever detect smaller planets. However, at this point, it's way too early to say.

      --
      Proud member of the Weirdo-American community.
    3. Re:Um yeah. by Barrinmw · · Score: 1

      Wouldn't it be safe to say that almost all stars should have planets around them? I mean all stars form in almost the same way, big gas cloud coalesces down to eventually form a star. Our sun did that and was able to form 8 planets, many moons, many proto-planets, an asteroid belt and possibly the oort cloud?

    4. Re:Um yeah. by confused+one · · Score: 2, Informative

      No, it's not safe to assume that all stars have planets around them... Many stars are binaries and closely orbiting binary stars might tend to toss any planets out of the system. Having said that, our closest neighbor (a trinary system of Proxima, Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B) is calculated to have somewhat stable orbital zones.

      The likelyhood is that there will be something orbiting every star, because, as you say, it's all formed out of condensed clouds of stuff. Knowing they're probably there... and actually seeing them. Worlds of difference.

    5. Re:Um yeah. by Chris+Burke · · Score: 1

      Kepler and COROT are starting to return results. They'll need a decade or two to identify Jupiters and Kepler will need 4 or 5 years to identify an Earth or Mars.

      Wouldn't it take Kepler at least 24 years and at most 36 to detect an "exo-Jupiter"? It needs to see two occlusions to even suspect that there is a planet, and a third occlusion to verify that the occlusion is in fact periodic. So that's at least two full orbits, and nearly 3 if we turned Kepler on right after the exo-Jupiter passed over its star.

      --

      The enemies of Democracy are
  7. Is it a surprise... by Chrisq · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Is it really a surprise that Life on earth is ideally suited to the environment in which it has evolved for four billion years, but would find other environments difficult?

    1. Re:Is it a surprise... by Bicx · · Score: 1

      Yes, who says life on other planets has to be similar to what we see on Earth?

    2. Re:Is it a surprise... by courteaudotbiz · · Score: 1

      OTOH, I don't see how a form of primitive life can adapt to so much drastic and regular changes that are over a timespan of 1000 years, while some not so drastic and truly exceptional changes here have almost caused a total extinction of most species over that same timeframe.

    3. Re:Is it a surprise... by Danse · · Score: 1

      OTOH, I don't see how a form of primitive life can adapt to so much drastic and regular changes that are over a timespan of 1000 years, while some not so drastic and truly exceptional changes here have almost caused a total extinction of most species over that same timeframe.

      When you consider that the overwhelmingly vast majority of species that have ever existed have gone extinct, it's not so surprising anymore. Only those that are adapted well enough to handle the environment get to continue on. Sudden environmental changes can wipe out species pretty easily.

      --
      It's not enough to bash in heads, you've got to bash in minds. - Captain Hammer
    4. Re:Is it a surprise... by noidentity · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Is it really any surprise that life on Earth has evolved to not bother considering whether its views are self-suited, or truely objective, and thus has trouble grasping that its way of life isn't the only one?

    5. Re:Is it a surprise... by Chrisq · · Score: 1

      Exactly. I can envision some aliens saying "Many planets are uninhabitable because they rotate relative to the start they orbit. How could life survive such abrupt changes in light and tempearature"

    6. Re:Is it a surprise... by camperdave · · Score: 3, Informative

      Yes, who says life on other planets has to be similar to what we see on Earth?

      Basic chemistry. You need to have chemical bonds which are stable, but not so strong that it takes vast quantities of energy to reform molecules. Carbon compounds and water soluble chemicals are where it's at, baby.

      --
      When our name is on the back of your car, we're behind you all the way!
    7. Re:Is it a surprise... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We all do, because we're here. We're the only life we know about so it does make sense that life on other planets would have to be similar. At worst we're studying a subset of life.

    8. Re:Is it a surprise... by CAIMLAS · · Score: 1

      Not really.

      However, it is potentially surprising that the orbits of other planets within the solar system could impact the ecosystems of each other in a significantly appreciable fashion.

      Ironically, there is a school of thought that says the orbits of the planets in our solar system has only recently stabilized - ie, within recorded human history. It's not well supported and I have no idea about the scientific backing, but there is argument that the legends of old - of the gods fighting in the skies - is actually referring to chaotic planetary orbits. "Mars", the god of war (and by other names in different cultures) was the most chaotic; I forget the specifics of the others, but...

      The argument goes that the craters and canyons on the rocky planets and planetoids (mars, the moon, earth) were not caused by erosion, but electrostatic discharge - between closely passing planets exchanging ionosphere polarity - resulting in the large arcs of scarring. Supposedly, these planetary exchanges are what the ancients saw, resulting in their impressions of powerful, angry gods. It wasn't until later, when the planetary orbits stabilized, that more "benevolent" gods started to pop up in folklore. This somewhat coincides with the whole "heavenly gods" or that the gods were stars.

      Seems like a possibility, at any rate: it would certainly explain why our ancestors made that (to us) absurd assumption of the stars (ie planets) being terrible gods which war in the sky (as opposed to just shiny lights in the night sky).

      I found a link on the topic. I recall reading an additional one which delves more into the mythological/cultural reasoning, but can't find it right now.

      --
      ~/ssh slashdot.org ssh: connect to host slashdot.org port 22: too many beers
    9. Re:Is it a surprise... by Migraineman · · Score: 1

      That's fine, as long as you inflict earth's environmental conditions on your exoplanet. What happens if liquid water isn't available? Say, for example, the temperature is lower, or the atmospheric pressure is low. Water and carbon may not be the sweet spot anymore. Are you willing to make an arrogant statement like "There is no liquid water, therefore life is impossible"? I certainly wouldn't say something like that.

      Liquid methane is a candidate - we've observed it elsewhere. Same thing goes for ammonia. Ammonia also has a dipole moment, making it polar like water.

      Regardless, your statement about not taking vast quantities of energy to reform molecules is spot on. We definitely need to be looking toward the "simple" end of the periodic table. Maybe Boron-based life with an Ammonia "water" cycle?

    10. Re:Is it a surprise... by CAIMLAS · · Score: 1

      Uh, link:

      http://www.holoscience.com/views/view_mars.htm

      --
      ~/ssh slashdot.org ssh: connect to host slashdot.org port 22: too many beers
    11. Re:Is it a surprise... by Mindcontrolled · · Score: 1

      Other solvents - yeah, possible. Other base compounds than carbon? Well, I won't say impossible, but at least extremely unlikely. Boron has a somewhat complex, but in fact rather boring chemistry (sorry for the pun). Life needs complexity, flexibility and adaptability in its underlying chemistry. Si *might* be a candidate, with a silane chemistry quite similar to that of carbon - might be stable enough at lower temperatures to form some kind of biochemistry. Apart from that, I don't see any likely candidate.

      --
      Ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant.
    12. Re:Is it a surprise... by Taibhsear · · Score: 1

      Unless you consider humanity to be within significant error, life has evolved to consider said idea. ie. Humans are part of evolved life on Earth.

    13. Re:Is it a surprise... by Migraineman · · Score: 1

      In the past, I have suggested Si as an alternative to C. Unfortunately, people immediately think "semiconductors" and label the suggestion as AI science fiction. Thank you for a rational response.

      I found a nice PDF describing The Basics of Silane Chemistry. Does a nice job comparing it to Carbon equivalents.

  8. Re:Anthropic Principle by sznupi · · Score: 1

    That wording is still a bit unfortunate, almost itself...a display of what it warns against.

    More simply, "what's known to us is perceived as the expected way of how things can be"

    --
    One that hath name thou can not otter
  9. Evolutionary pressure by currently_awake · · Score: 1

    Necessity is the mother of invention = occasional environmental disruptions are the driver to complex life and intelligence. I think we have ice ages and meteorites to thank for intelligent life on earth. Without the need, why evolve past single cells?

  10. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  11. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  12. THE deciding factor? by jdgeorge · · Score: 1

    Either the difference between "a" and "the" completely eludes our submitter, or the submitter completely fails to comprehend, you know, what the heck he's talking about.

    I know, it's Slashdot... I should expect it to be both. If only there were some way to complain about the editors and moderators for this....

  13. canadians live underground in the winter by circletimessquare · · Score: 3, Funny

    seriously

    in toronto and montreal, they started building malls underground, and linking them up, so now you can practically roam the entire downtowns of these cities, all underground

    in the distant future, us heroic stoic freedom fighting american movie hero archetypes will have to face invasions of the evolutionary future: the fearsome greater northern Canadian Humanoid Underground Dwellers

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.H.U.D.

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
    1. Re:canadians live underground in the winter by mOdQuArK! · · Score: 1

      So, they're trying to become Morlocks?

    2. Re:canadians live underground in the winter by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's right. You Americans will start running as soon as we start using you for food.

    3. Re:canadians live underground in the winter by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I, for one, welcome our new Canadian Morlock Overlords. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morlock.

    4. Re:canadians live underground in the winter by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      FAIL!

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.H.U.D.

    5. Re:canadians live underground in the winter by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Underlords.

    6. Re:canadians live underground in the winter by grasshoppa · · Score: 1

      I totally would have gone with something like, "Canadian Underground National Territorials"

      --
      Mod me down with all of your hatred and your journey towards the dark side will be complete!
    7. Re:canadians live underground in the winter by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      and god how I wish the fucktards here in Ottawa would follow suit!

      As a former torontonian, I soooo miss being able to ride the subway and stay indoors in the winter.

      And it's COLDER HERE.

      ughhhh c'mon global warming!!

  14. Please by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Why do these people consistently think that they can prove/disprove extrasolar life based on next to no information, and what little information they do have is based mostly on unproven theoretical models. Until we actually send a probe/go there or develop some awesome telescopes capable of imagining the actual planets at a few megapixles all of this conjecture is moot. I would compare it to someone taking a photo of a rock in their back yard with one of those $10 digital cameras from the checkout, looking at the picture and saying "that rock is completely sterile" because it looks desolate and cold, when that same rock examined under a microscope would almost certainly reveal bugs, bacteria, moss and other life almost immediately.

  15. The Blame Game by theVP · · Score: 3, Funny

    Sure, so now when the world ends, we'll just blame it on Jupiter! "Hey, Jupiter, why'd you lose weight?" "Hey, Jupiter, how come you eat so much?" "Hey, Jupiter, what happened to that cute red spot? Did you get it removed? Because I really thought it was sexy." Why don't we just leave Jupiter alone, and quit being so judgmental?

    --
    "No one is more miserable than the person who wills everything and can do nothing." -Emperor Claudius 10 BC - AD 54
  16. Not really by Any+Web+Loco · · Score: 1
  17. Such planets exist in Sci-Fi too by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

    Vernor Vinge - a Deepness in the Sky

    On a planet whose atmosphere freezes on a 500-year cycle. Nice read.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Deepness_in_the_Sky

  18. Don't worry by gzipped_tar · · Score: 1

    If Solaris can do it, other exoplanets can probably do it too.

    --
    Colorless green Cthulhu waits dreaming furiously.
  19. Umbrellas by fireheadca · · Score: 1

    Obvisouly, our gas giants are nothing more than alien umbrella forcefields collecting star dust.

    Other large exo planets are just other umbrellas cast into the solar wind.

    It makes sense now, doesn't it? It's a fact then.

  20. WTF? by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

    From the linked article: (it says it twice)

    Ups And c and d

    WTF?

    --
    Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    1. Re:WTF? by largesnike · · Score: 1

      standing for Upsilon Andromidae C and D, I'm gessing

      --
      "Laugh while you can a-monkey boy!" - Dr Emilio Lizardo
  21. There's an app for that... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/exoplanet/id327702034?mt=8

    1. Re:There's an app for that... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      brilliant

  22. Apparently only Humans exist anywhere by Stregano · · Score: 1

    This is something I see when I read articles about life beyond Earth all the time. The conditions for human survival are not possible, so it gets marked as "No possible way there could be life here and if there was life here, it was not complex".

    I understand we know what we see, but I also think it is a very narrow and almost egotistical view and way of seeing things. Earth and our life is not the only life on any planet. We are not the only planet with life. I have no proof of complex life on other planets, but you would have to be out of your mind to assume that this is the only planet with life on it.

    We compare everything to what is on Earth, but at the same time completely ignoring the fact that not every single planet is Earth.

    It might be very possible for an entire complex species to exist on another planet without water. Maybe they require something else, something very different to us, like Helium or something.

    With how much of a small percentage of the galaxy we have mapped, thinking that the conditions on Earth are what is needed for every single other complex lifeform just seems very egotistical. One of those, "If it is not like Earth, it can't happen".

    --
    The world is how you make it
  23. Drake's equation keeps evolving by gmuslera · · Score: 1

    give it enough time, and will became self-aware. And then we will realize that the very equation for finding intelligent life in the universe is the intelligent life that we were searching for.

    1. Re:Drake's equation keeps evolving by currently_awake · · Score: 1

      The drake equation calculates the number of life bearing planets in the galaxy. Even if you make very conservative choices on the drake equation you've still got a lot of planets that should have intelligent life. So the question is why haven't they contacted us yet? And the usual answer is their tech is incompatible with ours, that they don't use primitive radio waves anymore. Or they are stuck in a pre-hi-tech civ (human cultures run in cycles, most pre-western civs hit a plateau around ancient greece or ancient rome and stopped advancing. Or their president cancelled manned spaceflight for budgetary reasons. Or they heard us and got scared listening to war of the worlds so they shut up before we heard them. The bottom line is we'll never know till we send out interstellar probes to look.

    2. Re:Drake's equation keeps evolving by gmuslera · · Score: 1
      As i said, kept evolving. Now the evaluation on in how many planets could evolve life now must take in account to be in a solar system with a configuration similar to our one (with gas giants making less extreme the orbits of planets). Is not the equation by itself, but how should be calculated one of the input numbers.

      And, btw, the equation is giving around 2 as result by now, dont treat it as there must be plenty of intelligent life sarching for us in our local vincinity.

  24. That explains what I read yesterday by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "I spent my life savings on a month in the tropics to recover from the deadbeat job I was just sacked from, but my exoplant just decided to go elliptical a trillion miles from the sun. FML"

  25. Re:Anthropic Principle by icebike · · Score: 1

    We see the Universe the way it is, because if it was different, we wouldn't be here to see it.

    On the contrary, we would be perfectly suited to survive in any universe that spawned us.

    A few years ago, it was reported that without a moon life on earth would be impossible.

    Now we are told any little difference in Jupiter's orbit would also render life impossible.

    There seems to be a great tendency to suggest we live in a giant "Just So" story and could not exist in any other scenario, while at the same time we are finding life in the most inhospitable places imaginable.

    "WE" might be a different "WE" if we evolved in slightly altered environments but never the less the belief that conditions must be just like earth for something nearly human in capabilities, chemistry, and societal structure is pretty close to the geocentric view of the universe so handily debunked by Copernicus.

    --
    Sig Battery depleted. Reverting to safe mode.
  26. Damn... by mcgrew · · Score: 1

    I guess one of the mods must have been unimpressed, despite the fact that the linked fiction discusses a whole lot of stuff that other commenters mentioned farther down. Not a bad mod; if he thought it was overrated, so be it. Still disappointing (the story is exactly one week old; I hacked it out in about half an hour).

    Oh well. There'll be more where that came from. I don't need the karma but I thought some of you might be interested. At least it wasn't modded "offtopic."

  27. What's the name of that law/rule again? by RichiH · · Score: 1

    This whole observation bias (we can only wonder at how lucky we have to have Earth because we had it in the first place) has a scientific name, but I can't remember it... Help?

    1. Re:What's the name of that law/rule again? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The Anthropic Principle is probably what you're looking for. Some really good reading, by the way, if you're in a philosophical mood.