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Acupuncture May Trigger a Natural Painkiller

Pickens writes "USNWR is reporting that the needle pricks involved in acupuncture may help relieve pain by triggering the natural painkilling chemical adenosine. There are also indications that acupuncture's effectiveness can be enhanced by coupling the process with a well-known cancer drug — deoxycoformycin — that maintains adenosine levels longer than usual. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard of the University of Rochester Medical Center and her colleagues administered half-hour acupuncture treatments to a group of mice with paw discomfort. The investigators found adenosine levels in tissue near the needle insertion points was 24 times greater after treatment, and those mice with normal adenosine function experienced a two-thirds drop in paw pain. By contrast, mice that were genetically engineered to have no adenosine function gained no benefit from the treatment." Read below for some acupuncture skepticism engendered by other recent studies.
However, many remain skeptical of acupuncture claims. Ed Tong writes in Discover Magazine that previous clinical trials have used sophisticated methods to measure the benefits of acupuncture, including 'sham needles' (where the needle's point retracts back into the shaft like the blade of a movie knife) to determine if the benefits of acupuncture are really only due to the placebo effect. 'Last year, one such trial (which was widely misreported) found that acupuncture does help to relieve chronic back pain and outperformed "usual care". However, it didn't matter whether the needles actually pierce the skin [paper here with annoying interstitial], because sham needles were just as effective,' writes Tong. 'Nor did it matter where the needles were placed, contrary to what acupuncturists would have us believe.'"

25 of 215 comments (clear)

  1. Impressive by chocapix · · Score: 3, Funny

    So, poking the skin with a sharp object triggers the release of painkillers by the body? I'm impressed.

    1. Re:Impressive by ffreeloader · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Yeah, and the therapies based on capsaicin actually work, and without serious side effects. I use capsaicin regularly, both internally and externally.

      I suffer from a lot of headaches and over-the-counter medications do nothing for them. The only prescription meds that work have narcotics so they aren't really an option because of the frequency of my headaches, and I don't like the side effects as enough narcotics to kill the pain also make me high enough that everyday life--driving, working, etc... aren't really possible.

      I take 2 to 4 cayenne capsules with food, depending on the heat rating of the cayenne, or eat a spicy meal with the heat coming from habenero peppers in home-made meals(say a bean burrito with 1/4 - 1/2 of a diced habenero in it), or the spices used in traditional Thai cooking in a restaurant meal(4 out of 5 stars on the heat level)--we have a very good local Thai restaurant run by a Thai immigrant who's one of the best cooks I've ever seen--and a headache severe enough to make my eyes very sensitive to light will disappear in a matter of minutes.

      At those levels of heat there is no pain associated with the cure either as I eat spicy food on a regular basis, although what I think is bland most people say burns their mouth.

      --
      "while democracy seeks equality in liberty, socialism seeks equality in restraint and servitude." de Tocqueville
    2. Re:Impressive by riT-k0MA · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I hate to break it to you, but it sounds like the headaches are caused by Capsicum/endorphin withdrawl...

      >Headache starts
      >Eat chilli
      >Headache stops
      >Body goes into withdrawl
      >Headache starts
      etc...

    3. Re:Impressive by The+Bean · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Sure, maybe he is wrong, but you're a bit of a douche for calling him an idiot for merely suggesting the possibility.

      Re-read your first post, based on that it's a perfectly legitimate suggestion.

      I think you should apologize and thank him for caring enough to reply to your post.

      Hug it out you guys.

  2. An apt reminder... by TuringTest · · Score: 5, Informative

    ...for those trying to defend the scientific method saying that a pseudoscience "cannot possibly work" because "there aren't any known methods through which it could operate".

    The way to disprove a non-effect is by showing it indistinguishable from chance. Not by declaring that we can't think of any possible explanations.

    --
    Singularity: a belief in the "God" idea with the "demiurge" relation inverted.
    1. Re:An apt reminder... by Joce640k · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Anybody who follows the scientific method knows at least one mechanism for acupuncture, ie. placebo, and I don't think many would shake their heads in abject disbelief if you say "irritating some part the body will produce natural pain killers". The skepticism will appear if you start saying "it matters where you stick the needles" and stuff like that.

      Real "pseudoscience" is stuff like astrology, water divining, channeling the dead, perpetual motion, expensive HiFi tweaks, etc.

      --
      No sig today...
    2. Re:An apt reminder... by Antique+Geekmeister · · Score: 3, Informative

      Except that most of the best evidence shows that the "chi energy", the use of needles rather than pressure, and the use of it for treatment of body parts that are nowhere near the needle are complete nonsense. So scienctific testing shows that even the stopped clock of the magical thinking surrounding acupuncture can be right twice a day, and can even predict now what that twice a day will be.

      I once spent a long, sad hour with an MD who tried to tell me that acupuncture worked because the nerves it stimulates are faster than pain nerves. I tried to explain to her the concepts of phase delays: if the pain came first by more than a matter of milliseconds, the pain signal was already present in the upstream nerve junctions or in the brain, and it doesn't matter how "swift" the signal is from the acupuncture needle, so the explanation is nonsensical.

    3. Re:An apt reminder... by ChromeAeonium · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The skepticism will appear if you start saying "it matters where you stick the needles" and stuff like that.

      Apparently, there is at least one study that showed sticking them at random was actually better, or at least statistically the same, as the whole qi line thing. It is sad that this thing will be twisted and misrepresented by the alternative medicine quacks and used as a 'Nya nya we told ya so,' to skeptics who already suspected that the body does release pain killers when poked full of multiple small holes.

      When it comes to alternative medicine, pretty much any skeptic knows that there are three main ones which may have some merit (even if not enough to justify mainstream usage): chiropractic, because it actively affects the spine, naturopathy/herbal, because plants contain active ingredients, and acupuncture, because it actively affects the skin. What skeptics want is robust evidence indicating that these things work better that other traditional techniques, and those have simply not materialized, and until they do, color me skeptical about acupuncture as a whole, even if there is some method to the madness.

    4. Re:An apt reminder... by The+Leather+Duke · · Score: 3, Informative

      Only, this is not acupuncture. This is just piercing the skin with needles and then twisting them to see if you get a response. There are plenty of known methods through which that could operate.

      Acupuncture on the other hand supposes that the body has "meridians" and "acupuncture points" which you put needles into to manipulate the health of the body or parts of the body.

      To this notion I will still say that "there aren't any known methods through which it could operate."

    5. Re:An apt reminder... by Joce640k · · Score: 3, Informative

      Water divining has been debunked many, many times. In randomized tests nobody can do it.

      http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=7461912885649996034#
      http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOsCnX-TKIY

      Fast: You can dig almost anywhere on Earth and find water, it's just a question of depth (keep on digging there until it appears).

      --
      No sig today...
  3. Why is the placebo effect a bad thing? by sugapablo · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I'd much rather have a positive effect from a placebo than from a drug that usually has nasty side-effects.

    1. Re:Why is the placebo effect a bad thing? by Takichi · · Score: 4, Informative

      Except that you can not only get benefits, but also nasty side-effects from placebos.

    2. Re:Why is the placebo effect a bad thing? by xlation · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It's bad when Jenny McCarthy and Oprah use "success" from the placebo effect to cast doubt on science-based medicine. This doubt helps other scam artists sell expensive water to a patient who could be cured by real medicine.

    3. Re:Why is the placebo effect a bad thing? by Ellie+K · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Hmm, you mean even ones like Tylenol that do basically nothing and run the risk of damaging the liver?

      Uhh sorry, but NO, Tylenol is effective for fever and mild analgesia. It will wreak havoc on your liver if taken in excess, granted. But aspirin, ibuprofen (motrin and advil) will tear up your stomach lining if taken in excess. And analgesics like opiates have their own set of obvious drawbacks. Tradeoffs to all of them. Don't knock Tylenol. It's a bit wimpy, but with occasional usage tempered by common sense, it is effective. And it is NOT a placebo drug. WRONG.

      --
      tempus fugit
  4. Paw discomfort! by seyyah · · Score: 4, Funny

    Dr. Maiken Nedergaard of the University of Rochester Medical Center and her colleagues administered half-hour acupuncture treatments to a group of mice with paw discomfort.

    Family-friendly euphemism for "with their paws hacked off by the grad students".

  5. Re:My Brain Pain Increased by Two-Thirds ... by elewton · · Score: 3, Funny

    Tiny, mousey emoticons.

  6. It's not a bug it's a feature! by Xenna · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Hah, but that's the paradox!

    You can't have a placebo-effect unless you claim that the therapy actually works in itself.
    You can't claim that a non-working therapy works unless you a a liar.
    The placebo effect works better if the treatment is costly (in terms of money or discomfort - pain from needles)

    So the placebo industry can only exist if they mislead and overcharge.
    It's not a bug it's a feature!

    X.

  7. Re:Where's your pseudoscience now! by ascari · · Score: 3, Insightful

    And it's one thing to say "adenosine is released locally by needle pricks". And another to say that there are mysterious "meridians" that run through the body and connects your pinky toe to your heart, and your left butt cheek to your kidney or whatever, and that you can cure all kinds of diseases in those "connected" organs by poking the exactly right spots with needles.

    Yep, that's what at the root of accupuncture theory in TCM, not random pin poking. And this experiments doesn't even attempt to explain what's going on there. So while I'm absolutely not saying that TCM is wrong, I am saying that this experiment says very little if anything about traditional accupuncture the way it's been practiced for 4000 years. It's just a feeble attempt at quickly saying "this is NOT BS".

    So we still don't know how this works or indeed if it works, we only knows some mice produce adenosine locally under certain conditions. Accupuncture if it works as claimed would have to be much deeper, this hardly penetrates the surface. (Pardon the pun.)

  8. Re:Where's your pseudoscience now! by ChromeAeonium · · Score: 5, Insightful

    There are skeptics and there are "skeptics". "skeptics" make their first reaction to everything "this is BS"

    That's a load of crap. Skeptics make their first reaction to anything for which there is not sufficient evidence present "this is BS." That's a critical difference. As far as I know, acupuncture has not been exceptionally good at proving itself. It is based on the flow of some qi or whatever and claims to have all sorts of healing properties, neither of which have been proven in the least, and that is something to be rightfully skeptical about. If you make an extraordinary claim, I require extraordinary evidence. Plenty of new theories and ideas are accepted by skeptical types (for example, this was new, but there was no skeptic backlash, because it was a reasonable claim with reasonable evidence); just because some old time quackery is rejected doesn't mean skeptics are closed minded, that's just a way to distract form a lack of evidence. Medical skeptics have long admitted that minor injuries like sticking needles into yourself may trigger some pain-killer response, and this new thing, if indeed true, confirms that, not the validity of acupuncture. In fact, another study once showed that fake acupuncture outperformed 'real' acupuncture. It's not about simply denying everything, it is about denying everything until a reasonable amount of evidence exists to support it.

    You know, homeopathy used to 'work' too, back when mercury was a medicine, because it didn't do anything whereas medicine killed you, which may be why it is still around. Chiropractic, originally claimed to cure all sorts of things, has the same affects as a good massage. Do they get vindicated too now? Sometimes things get lucky, or traditions are held for some reason, and maybe acupuncture is one of them due to this effect, but there is still no reason to not be skeptical about redirecting your qi or whatnot, or its ability to outperform any modern science based pain killing methods (I'd go with a good hit o' weed myself, but that's a different debate). It's good to have an open mind, but not so open your brains fall out.

  9. Re:Where's your pseudoscience now! by grumbel · · Score: 4, Insightful

    There are many things that like acupuncture that have been used medicinally for centuries.

    Just because something is old, doesn't mean it works. There are plenty of old treatments that are either useless or even harmful. Which is why testing is the important part, you can't trust anecdotes, even if they have a long tradition.

    Just because we may not, at the time, understand any underlying mechanisms doesn't mean that they don't work;

    The issue isn't so much that we don't understand the underlying mechanism, but that we don't even have a clear indication that it works in the first place and you don't need to understand the workings of something to do the testing for its effectiveness.

  10. People should be less arrogant and more interest by stein.dagostini · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I was too a very skeptical person, until I got a hormonal production disorder (I really don know its name in english, maybe later i can find a translation) that Western medicine said was impossible to cure and had to be countered with massive doses of neutralization of hormone medicines that would basically cripple me completely forever. I gave a shot and tried acupuncture since even death was better than those side effects. In 2 months the disorder was completely under control without any changes in my life but acupunture. The exams shown a reduction on the hormone production of more than 70%. I tough, ok that must be coincidence... stoped the treatment. Few months later the issue was back. Restarted the treatment and 1 month later was all under control again.... Even the doctors said to me, forget western medicie and stick to what is working. Since then I tried acupuncture for a lot of things, including issues that western medicine never was able to cure me like allergic reactions etc. I am still quite skeptical about almost everything, but I was faced with undeniable evidence that it has some VERY interesting results. People should spend less time trying to proof its or its not BS and more time trying to understand how to make people life better! And I pity the poor should that had the same diagnostics as me and went for the western "fully scientific" treatment. Medicine should be about saving people and making them feel better! Not about having reason about anything! Fool is the one that speaks without having real experience about it. Fool is the one that condems others to suffering just because the better path doe snot match his own beliefs. That is basically the same thing as religious fundamentalist.

  11. Re:Acupuncture cult pseudo-science by Abcd1234 · · Score: 3, Informative

    Chiropractic care for asthma when your asthma is caused by pressure and irritation to the lungs based on your crooked ass posture: Fact.

    No, it's not. It's bullshit. Show me a single study that proves chiropractic care treats asthma, and I'll show you a flawed study.

    And as an aside, anyone who believes "asthma is caused by pressure and irritation to the lungs based on your crooked ass posture" has no fucking clue what asthma actually is.

    Not that I ever had asthma officially

    Ah. I see. So you feel you can make concrete statements about asthma treatment when you've never actually been diagnosed with it. Well, I'll definitely take your opinions seriously...

  12. Re:Water Divining by nullchar · · Score: 3, Informative

    Uh, that's because most water tables are large, so if you are above one, you can pretty much poke a well anywhere and find water. Of course the depth of each well may vary depending on substrate and which water table you actually hit. Also, the rate of available water (to pump or even if naturally pressurized) depends on the water table you strike.

    Sorry man, you fell for the scam. (He may have "witched" past wells in the larger area and has studied the underlying aquifers. Every well drilled to depth and through various substrate will inform him. Shit, he may be a Geology drop-out.)

  13. Re:Induced Pain by Sir_Lewk · · Score: 3, Insightful

    We should have let nature go it's way, since the beginning. Maybe we would be extinct by now.

    If that is really your goal, feel free to lead by example.

    --
    "linux is just DOS with a UNIX like syntax" -- Galactic Dominator (944134)
  14. Re:People should be less arrogant and more interes by TubeSteak · · Score: 5, Insightful

    In 2 months the disorder was completely under control without any changes in my life but acupunture.

    Your anecdotal evidence is fantastic.
    Now lets find 100 other people with the same positive outcome and figure out why acupuncture is working for all of you.

    People should spend less time trying to proof its or its not BS and more time trying to understand how to make people life better!

    ::facepalm::
    I'm glad your life is better, but many of us are not happy having gaps in our knowledge and filling in the blank with "magic" or "it works".
    If acupuncture works so well, understanding why/how is critical for having it turned into a mainstream treatment.

    --
    [Fuck Beta]
    o0t!