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Ancient Cave Art May Depict Giant Bird Extinct For 40,000 Years

grrlscientist writes "Recently studied Australian Aboriginal rock art may depict a giant bird that is thought to have become extinct some 40,000 years ago, thereby making it the oldest rock painting on the island continent. The red ochre drawing was first discovered two years ago, but archaeologists were only able to confirm the finding two weeks ago, when they first visited the remote site on the Arnhem Land plateau in north Australia. 'Genyornis was a giant flightless bird that was taller and heavier than either the ostrich or emu. It had powerful legs and tiny wings, and probably closely resembled ducks and geese, its closest living relatives. ... Interestingly, Genyornis bones have been excavated in association with human artifacts in Cuddie Springs in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is likely that humans lived alongside these birds, and some scientists think that humans may have contributed to their extinction." Jamie recalled that in the essay "A Lesson from the Old Masters," in the volume Leonardo's Mountain of Clams and the Diet of Worms, Stephen Jay Gould thanks our ancestors who drew Irish Elk on cave walls for "providing the only possible evidence for a hump that would otherwise have disappeared into the maw of lost history."

41 of 137 comments (clear)

  1. humans may have contributed to their extinction by nurb432 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Do we always have to blame man?

    --
    ---- Booth was a patriot ----
    1. Re:humans may have contributed to their extinction by ZERO1ZERO · · Score: 2, Informative
      It's OK! Some scientists think that humans may NOT have contributed to their extinction.

      There tha's better.

    2. Re:humans may have contributed to their extinction by maugle · · Score: 4, Insightful

      OK, you're part of some primitive tribe living in the same area as a bunch of giant, flightless, and probably very tasty birds. Wouldn't you prefer hunting those huge birds instead of smaller animals that are more difficult to catch?

      Since they didn't have any concept of "sustainability", it's very easy to imagine those humans contributing to the birds' extinction.

    3. Re:humans may have contributed to their extinction by v1 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      and some scientists think that humans may have contributed to their extinction."

      Well for starters, imagine the omlets you could get from that thing! Eggs were a primary food source for almost every hunter-gatherer society back in those times. It certainly wouldn't be the only example of man hunting a species to extinction.

      Australia is an isolated continent, and as such it works almost like an island, with a very fragile, mutually-dependent ecosystem. If you want to get more abstract with this, one could even say that man was responsible for their extinction yet never hunted them or their eggs... maybe man for some reason hunted some specific lizard to extinction, which also happened to be their primary food source? Weird subtle interactions like that can occur on islands.

      Man is good at causing these sorts of problems because as a species he's very organized. If Grok figures out that those eggs are easy to find and good eating, it doesn't take 25 generations of evolution to breed "nest hunting" behavior into the village. It takes a few months locally, maybe a few years across the entire area. Other species just can't adapt to something that fast. I don't think it's proper to "blame man" for this, it's just the next advancement in evolution. But it is unfortunate. And I think it's something that we just need to understand and accept at some level. Particularly for our behavior in the past when these subtle yet potent interactions weren't understood or respected.

      --
      I work for the Department of Redundancy Department.
    4. Re:humans may have contributed to their extinction by zippthorne · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Why? Tuna and Lobster are pretty tasty.

      --
      Can you be Even More Awesome?!
    5. Re:humans may have contributed to their extinction by shermo · · Score: 2, Informative

      We know the Maoris did the same to the Moa in New Zealand, and there seem to be a lot of similarities here.

      --
      Insanity: voting in the same two parties over and over again and expecting different results
  2. Re:This just in! by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 4, Funny

    Hey, it's just the clueless archaeologists misinterpreting reality. What happened was that six thousand years ago, the cavemen found some faked fossils and tried to imagine how that animal might have looked like if it had actually existed.

    --
    Ezekiel 23:20
  3. Re:This just in! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    Indeed. 20k years from now people may believe an "Iron Man" or "Iron Men" lived among us.

  4. I knew they were real! by BlackBloq · · Score: 2, Informative

    There must most defiantly refer to the venerable Chocobo!I knew it wasn't just a game! Now where did they bury the huge swords?

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocobo

  5. Crayola by Codename+Dutchess · · Score: 2, Funny

    I like how they claim they can use the crayon scribbles to tell the difference between an emu and this Genyomis.

    From TFA:

    "Initially, we thought it was another big emu," said consulting archaeologist Ben Gunn, a founding member of the Australian Rock Art Research Association who was documenting the Niwarla Gabarnmung site for the Jawoyn Association.

    But then we figured, nah, its probably this big giant extinct bird instead...

    1. Re:Crayola by osu-neko · · Score: 5, Insightful

      But then we figured, nah, its probably this big giant extinct bird instead...

      Well, yes. When you find a picture that looks like a bird, but not quite like the emus you knew were around, you might think it's a badly drawn emu. But when you discover that the features that made you think it was badly drawn turn out to exactly match the features of some other species, you can (a) continue to assume it's a badly drawn emu that happens to, by remarkable coincidence, be badly drawn in just the right way to make it looks rather like some other species, or (b) you can now assume it's that other species.

      Occam's razor is better satisfied by assume it is what it most resembles, not a badly drawn something else, with the coincidence that the badly drawn features happen to match the features of something else.

      --
      "Convictions are more dangerous enemies of truth than lies."
    2. Re:Crayola by Shadow+Wrought · · Score: 2, Funny

      But what if the artist was the first Picasso?

      Then it was probably a self-portait.

      --
      If brevity is the soul of wit, then how does one explain Twitter?
  6. Re:This just in! by Forge · · Score: 3, Informative

    So dose This mean Dinosaurs walked with man, or that Dinosaurs could draw?

    --
    --= Isn't it surprising how badly I spell ?
  7. Using the extinction to date the painting? by Dragoniz3r · · Score: 3, Insightful

    So, we think the bird went extinct 40k years ago, so we're using that to date the painting as being that old? Does that seem backwards to anyone else? How about we date the painting, then maybe we can get a better estimate of exactly when these birds went extinct?

    1. Re:Using the extinction to date the painting? by PopeRatzo · · Score: 3, Interesting

      So, we think the bird went extinct 40k years ago, so we're using that to date the painting as being that old?

      Of course not. There could have been a 35000 year-old member of the tribe who painted the picture.

      There has been a steady stream of evidence for human civilization much much earlier than is currently accepted. If I were a betting man, I'd bet that in my lifetime, there's going to be a revision of just how old humanity really is. Since anthropologists went way out on a limb 100 years ago and tied their estimates for the beginnings of human civilization to some notion of biblical "history" they have been working very hard to protect themselves from any challenge. Any evidence for civilization going back 25,000 or 55,000 or 150,000 years is simply ignored as being an "outlier". It must be spurious, they say, because it does not fit with our current theories. If those theories were to fall, so would the doctoral dissertations and published manuscripts of hundreds and hundreds of highly respected members of their fraternity.

      Every so often, someone like, say, Michael Tellinger, or Robert Bauval, who is a member in good standing of the club, dares to present evidence suggesting that the current estimates of human origins are way off. Those people are quickly and efficiently made to not exist in the collective consciousness of anthropology. When it comes to dealing with people who challenge conventional wisdom, anthropologists can be practically Stalinist in the ruthless way they can forget formerly prestigious fellows ever existed.

      --
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    2. Re:Using the extinction to date the painting? by Josef+Meixner · · Score: 2, Interesting

      How about we date the painting

      I don't think it is easy, if even possible. Don't forget it was scribbled on a sheet of rock. The sheet was created by natural processes, so no use to date it. The ocher also is a mixture of natural material (clay and iron oxide) and I don't think there is a way to date its use either. So only some kind of adhesive to get the paint to stick to the rock might contain carbon which could be dated. But the amount is probably very small and can be contaminated (the paintings were exposed to the surrounding for an very long time). So it seems useful to use any clue you can get to help in dating the drawings.

    3. Re:Using the extinction to date the painting? by zerro · · Score: 5, Informative

      of course, if we RTFA, we note that they plan on doing just that "Further studies, such as radiocarbon dating of the paint, are planned."

    4. Re:Using the extinction to date the painting? by Darkman,+Walkin+Dude · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I find your assertions interesting, and would be gratified if you could supply a few links to support both the earlier origin hypothesis and the closed ranks of anthropologists. Not criticising, I'm genuinely interested.

    5. Re:Using the extinction to date the painting? by Dragoniz3r · · Score: 2, Funny

      You must be new here :)

    6. Re:Using the extinction to date the painting? by jd · · Score: 2, Informative

      Usually, in such circumstances, there's a charcoal source that is connected to the art. But there are many forms of dating and I wouldn't trust the article to have been written with an exceptionally technical audience in mind. Creswell Crags' cave art was dated via the limestone deposited over the figures. Clay, under specific circumstances as I've listed elsewhere in the replies, can be dated. Anything exposed to cosmic rays can (in theory) be dated by the ratio of the isotopes. (Cosmic rays alter the nuclei at a deterministic rate.)

      --
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    7. Re:Using the extinction to date the painting? by bwilli123 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      What is really interesting about this is the age of the rock art, which would seem to be as old as any human art anywhere and make the case for the Jawoyn Aborigines having one of the oldest cultures in the world. .

      from the original article

      The Jawoyn people say they are excited the painting could be Australia's oldest dated rock art. The Jawoyn are a group of Indigenous peoples who are the traditional owners of the land in Australia's Northern Territory...

      What leads you to believe that as successive waves of humans entered Australia that the current occupants are in any way related to the painting's creators? Were the original inhabitants pushed further south,overrun,wiped out,walked to Tasmania? http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070509161829.htm

      "At the time of the migration, 50,000 years ago, Australia and New Guinea were joined by a land bridge and the region was also only separated from the main Eurasian land mass by narrow straits such as Wallace's Line in Indonesia. The land bridge was submerged about 8,000 years ago...

      Given 30,000 years plus at the front door entrance to Australia I think the Jarwoyn are the least likely descendants of the original artists.

    8. Re:Using the extinction to date the painting? by dbIII · · Score: 2, Informative

      Carbon dating on the implements used to mix the paint was used to get the age according to the news reports on the radio yesterday.

    9. Re:Using the extinction to date the painting? by PopeRatzo · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Well, unfortunately, if anthropologists closed ranks on someone, it's unlikely that they're still in the field. Usually the early origins model are killed in the crib, at the point of dissertation.

      When I did computer work for the Oriental Institute at the Univ of Chicago some years back, I encountered a professor who very quietly and very discreetly believed that human origins went back a lot further. He'd seen grad students do some amazing work in South West China with artifacts that just should not have been where they were found. And it wasn't just a few items. The kid was denied a PhD, which is quite rare in academia and left school completely. The prof told me that this happened more than once. He told me that Egyptology especially is rife with examples of much older origins for the monuments near Giza, but they are dismissed out of hand without analysis for the most part.

      Maybe he was a crank, but he had a named chair with the dept and the institute and didn't seem looney.

      I'm not an anthropologist, so I prefer believing really sketchy theories like those of Graham Hancock and Michael Tellinger and Mr Cremo. Be careful of the link that the AC below has included however. It set one of my spyware blockers into spasms, so it might not be what it seems. Maybe google "Forbidden Archaeology" for some interesting reading.

      Beyond that, affiant sayeth not.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    10. Re:Using the extinction to date the painting? by wkcole · · Score: 2, Informative

      What is really interesting about this is the age of the rock art, which would seem to be as old as any human art anywhere and make the case for the Jawoyn Aborigines having one of the oldest cultures in the world. .

      from the original article

      The Jawoyn people say they are excited the painting could be Australia's oldest dated rock art. The Jawoyn are a group of Indigenous peoples who are the traditional owners of the land in Australia's Northern Territory...

      What leads you to believe that as successive waves of humans entered Australia that the current occupants are in any way related to the painting's creators? Were the original inhabitants pushed further south,overrun,wiped out,walked to Tasmania? http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070509161829.htm

      "At the time of the migration, 50,000 years ago, Australia and New Guinea were joined by a land bridge and the region was also only separated from the main Eurasian land mass by narrow straits such as Wallace's Line in Indonesia. The land bridge was submerged about 8,000 years ago...

      Given 30,000 years plus at the front door entrance to Australia I think the Jarwoyn are the least likely descendants of the original artists.

      You seem to have stopped reading that article a paragraph ahead of the answer to your question. One of the key findings from that genetic tracing work is that unlike many other places, Australia had only one genetically significant wave of immigration. Geographically, I believe it is also not quite right that Arnhem Land was the 'front door' into Australia, since Cape York was the most persistent part of the connection to New Guinea.

      In addition, there is some continuity between essentially modern Jawoyn rock art and the older drawings. When Europeans arrived, they were making red ochre rock drawings in the same places that have similar red ochre rock drawings going back thousands of years. Between that and the genetic evidence that all Australian Aborigines and Melanesians are descendants of a single group of immigrants from ~50kya, it would take significant hypothesizing away from the evidence to not credit their ancestors with the oldest of the drawings.

  8. A distant cousin of the Moa? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

    Perhaps it's worth considering that Australia's neighbour, New Zealand, has had pretty much the largest flightless bird, at 12ft (~4m) high the Moa, hunted to extinction by the Maori. It's considered to be a cousin of the Australian Emu. Little need for wings with no mammals around for all those thousands of years..

    Relatedly NZ has had by far the world's largest eagle, often depicted in indigenous culture carrying away small humans (think "children").

  9. Not a very good way to date a painting... by Spykk · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Who is to say that the descriptions of the bird were not passed down in legends? It seems entirely possible to me that the bird was painted after they had become extinct.

    1. Re:Not a very good way to date a painting... by wkcole · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Who is to say that the descriptions of the bird were not passed down in legends? It seems entirely possible to me that the bird was painted after they had become extinct.

      The answer to precisely that question is in the article, lifted directly from one of its source articles.

      More generally, the surprise about the age of this rock art isn't a matter of a century or two, or even really a millennium or five. The paleontologists and archaeologists are saying 40kya, the rock art expert is saying 5-10kya. There are very few cultures in the world which are known to have postulated anything older than 10kya as the beginning of humankind, and those which have done so tell stories of old times that are far from accuracy or precision. Getting the beak, leg, and claw shapes of an extinct bird passed down correctly through 30ky+ would be an unrivaled feat of trivial fact preservation.

  10. Re:This just in! by WrongSizeGlass · · Score: 2, Funny

    Ancient art represents ancient reality, news at 11!

    Actually this provides proof of prior art for Big Bird and should invalidate all of Sesame Street's copyrights :-)

  11. Re:This just in! by MyLongNickName · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I have mod points but thought I would comment instead.

    To you and the clueless fucks who modded you up to +5 Insightful: Yes, you must think you are brilliant. Of course the archeologists have no idea that cave drawings represent reality. This is an absolutely new concept to them.

    It could have nothing to do with verifying that, yes indeed, this animal did go extinct in the time period they thing it did. It has nothing to do with showing the relationships the people had with the bird (was it food? was it considered to be good luck?) or how accurately the drawings represented the actual bird (based on fossilized remains). Or probably a dozen other insights that I would never think of.

    But yes, you oh brilliant 13 year old on Slashdot because Mom won't let you go out and play in the rain have skewered their efforts completely.

    Frankly, it is the +5 Insightful that set me off. How stupid can you be?

    --
    See my journal for slashdot ID's by year. Mine created in 2005. http://slashdot.org/journal/289875/slashdot-ids-by-year
  12. Midwest by DrugCheese · · Score: 3, Informative

    I've read stories of American Indian culture talking about the giant birds in the midwest states. South of me here along the Mississippi near Alton Illinois there apparently used to be a giant painting of a bird on the side of a bluff near a cave. Unfortunately the bluff was destroyed by the nearby state prison for gravel.

    --
    *DrugCheese rants*
  13. A cousin of the Moa? by delire · · Score: 5, Informative

    Last post disappeared to /dev/null. Trying again.

    It's perhaps worth considering that Australia's neighbour New Zealand had what's probably the world's largest flightless bird at 4m tall (12ft) , the Moa. Much like the Kiwi, it simply didn't need to keep wings as their were no mammals with which to compete. It was soon hunted to extinction by Maori settlers some 500 years ago. Of note it's considered to be a relative of the Australian Emu..

    While the rest of the bird kingdom in NZ devolved their wings, the world's biggest eagle, The Haast Eagle enjoyed the easy life, often making short work of the Moa from time to time.

    1. Re:A cousin of the Moa? by bar-agent · · Score: 2, Informative

      The terror bird predated the Moa and Haast's Eagle by eras (or epochs, not sure). It was around during the Cenozoic and wide-spread. Although moas were bigger, the terror birds were a tougher customer. Instead of wings, they apparently had short arms tipped with a claw that they used to spear and hold on to their prey, and a meat-cleaver of a beak.

      --
      i'd hit it so hard, if you pulled me out you'd be the king of britain [bash.org]
  14. Maybe I am too skeptic by aBaldrich · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Now my question is, was this bird really extinct 40k years ago? Or is it an estimation? Because, maybe, they could have lived on longer than they thought.

    --
    In soviet russia the government regulates the companies.
    1. Re:Maybe I am too skeptic by jfengel · · Score: 4, Informative

      It's an estimation. All data points that old are estimates, and thinner on the ground than you'd like. So each new data point is potentially very handy in establishing the chronology of what happened when on the continent.

      Either the people were there earlier, or the bird there later, than previously thought. They have reason to believe it's the former (20,000 year old fossils should be easier to find than 40,000 year old ones), and it fits well into a picture that humans came and helped wipe the bird out. They've found skeletons of this bird in the same caves as evidence of human habitation, but the timing is hard to sort out. This data point helps make the picture more clear, if still not perfectly clear.

    2. Re:Maybe I am too skeptic by DarkEmpath · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I was actually just watching a YouTube video on the extinctions on mega-fauna yesterday. Apparently carbon dating is particularly difficult in Australia as we have an unusually high percentage of carbonate rocks. It causes a lot of environmental contamination. I can't believe I've lived here all my life and didn't know that.

      Growing up, I've heard figures about aboriginal arrival in Australia ranging from 40,000 years up to 80,000 ago. Since modern humans hadn't been human all that long 80,000 years ago, I'm leaning towards the lower end of that scale. All the evidence, however, points to mega fauna extinction within a short time after human arrival. A documentary I saw a couple of years ago indicated humans didn't hunt mega fauna to extinction, but the aboriginal practice of periodic burning of the landscape changed the flora, and the larger fauna (marsupial lions, giant goannas, giant kangaroos, and the subject of the article, the "demon duck of doom") weren't able to adapt in time.

      I'm guessing, in a place like this, 40,000 years back is all you can accurately carbon date, even under ideal conditions. I don't think anyone (in the scientific community) doubted humans and demon ducks of doom co-existed, we just didn't really know how long that coexistence was.

  15. Oh Crap! by zerospeaks · · Score: 2, Funny

    The young earth creationist are going to claim this one as "evidence" for a young earth.

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    http://wwww.zerospeaks.com
  16. Sounds to me like circular reasoning... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    First off, the scientists *somehow* come up with the magic number of 40,000 and say that is how many years ago the birds died out. Then they find a painting on a wall that *could* be one of those birds, and they assume the painting must then be 40,000 years old. Usually, the rock gets it's age from what's in it, and the fossil gets it's age from the rock. This leaves me wondering why in all the world we're still stupid enough to treat our theories like they are proven fact, when most of us don't even know where those theories (a.k.a. the dates) came from in the first place?

  17. It looks like a bunyip by Psychotria · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Interestingly the drawing shown in the article looks remarkably like some drawings and descriptions of bunyips that I've seen and read about that the indigenous Australians described to colonial settlers (When I say some drawings I mean some of the earlier drawings post-colonisation. As time progressed after European settlement the drawings and descriptions seem to have diverged from the earlier descriptions). To me it does not seem too far fetched that remnants of this creature have been passed down through the generations eventually becoming myth or legend. So, have we found the bunyip?

  18. Re:Island or Continent. by pipedwho · · Score: 2, Funny

    Australia, an island off the coast of New Zealand.

  19. Gamey, what a loaded word. by zippthorne · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I've heard "gamey" used to describe all manner of meats (including Bison, of all things) which, once I've tried them, have turned out to be flavorful and delicious. I've come to the conclusion that "gamey" means "doesn't taste like bland chicken" thus putting it outside of the comfort zone of the McDonald's generation of "connoisseurs."

    Also, one of those animals, the pig, is certainly *not* an herbivore, and coincidentally is the second most delicious of the bunch. Undomesticated pigs, who are both not Herbivores, and actually have the diet to prove it, are even more delicious than the domesticated variety in this writer's opinion.

    Therefore I'm hard pressed to conclude, having never tried other predators, mammalian or fowl, that they would necessarily be less delicious than the animals I have heretofore consumed.

    --
    Can you be Even More Awesome?!
    1. Re:Gamey, what a loaded word. by bogjobber · · Score: 4, Informative

      Bear and cougar are appropriately described as gamey. Edible and not disgusting by any means, but very stringy and certainly not something you would eat outside of necessity or novelty.

      But when bison, venison, elk, etc. are described as gamey it's for one of two reasons. Reason #1 is because it was taken from a less-than ideal animal. Aged females and adult males are less tasty than their younger, relatively hormone-free relatives. That's why in domesticated animals, males destined for slaughter and sale are neutered before they start to mature sexually. Animals taken in the wild obviously are not raised in the same controlled environments. Climate or disease might lead the animals to be much leaner and wirey in some years than they normally are. And very generally speaking the older the animal is, the less tender the meat.

      Reason #2 is that people don't understand how to cut or cook lean meat. People treat it same way they would beef, when that potentially could ruin the flavor. Many game processors will cut deer or elk it into thick steaks, but you really want thinner strips that can be cooked on lower heats and for shorter times to preserve the flavor. The meat is leaner and displays a lower amount of marbling than beef, and if you cook it past medium the gamey taste will become more pronounced. But if you get it from a restaurant or educate yourself on how to cook it properly, you should be able to enjoy the experience fully.

      I grew up in a family that hunted and ate pretty much everything and it's amazing how badly people can ruin some of the most delicious, healthy meat in the world.