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Antibody Discovered To Boost HIV Vaccines

An anonymous reader sends this clip from Scienceblog.com. "Scientists have discovered two potent human antibodies that can stop more than 90 percent of known global HIV strains from infecting human cells in the laboratory, and have demonstrated how one of these disease-fighting proteins accomplishes this feat. ... Research efforts to find individual antibodies that can neutralize HIV strains have been difficult because the virus continuously changes its surface proteins to evade recognition by the immune system. As a consequence of these changes, an enormous number of HIV variants exist worldwide. However, there are a few surface areas that remain nearly constant across all variants of HIV and scientists have now discovered two potent human antibodies that attach to one of these sites and can stop more than 90 percent of known global HIV strains from infecting human cells in the laboratory. ... The researchers also confirmed that VRC01 does not bind to human cells — a characteristic that might otherwise lead to its elimination during immune development, a natural mechanism the body employs to prevent autoimmune disease."

36 of 144 comments (clear)

  1. Progress on this front is good by beschra · · Score: 5, Interesting

    But I have to wonder if the region that doesn't normally morph will start morphing if it starts being targetted. HIV is a tough little bugger. Very borg-like.

    --
    It is unwise to ascribe motive
    1. Re:Progress on this front is good by easterberry · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Some of it probably will eventually, but they can probably cure or prevent the spread of at least a decent percentage of people.

      So it's a win for the medical community and human race in general either way.

    2. Re:Progress on this front is good by Gotung · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The region that doesn't change is the binding site. If that changes the virus will likely be much less effective at binding onto immune cells. If it can't target immune cells anymore, it becomes much less scary.

    3. Re:Progress on this front is good by phantomfive · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Although I find what you suggest unlikely, one thing for sure, if 90% of the HIV population is eliminated, the other 10% will fill its niche. That is the nature of natural selection. Not even a creationist will deny that point.

      --
      Qxe4
    4. Re:Progress on this front is good by Jeng · · Score: 2, Interesting

      If you cure 90% of those with HIV you have also reduced the possible spread of infection by 90%.

      Eventually that 10% may swell to pre-vaccine ( if this pans out ) levels, but it would take decades for HIV to get back up to the level of infection it is at today ( if this pans out ).

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    5. Re:Progress on this front is good by Haffner · · Score: 3, Interesting

      What that really depends on is whether multiple strains infect the same individual. If, as you suggest, each individual is infected by 1 strain, then this solution indeed would cure 90% of the population (assuming it works). However, if each individual is infected by 500 strains, this solution will cure a tiny fraction of 1% of the population.

      --
      "Going to war without the French is like going deer hunting without your accordion." ~General Norman Schwarzkopf
    6. Re:Progress on this front is good by phantomfive · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Eh, as long as we're talking about infection rates and cure speeds, you should also note that they aren't going to cure 90% of those with HIV (or vaccinate everyone so those 90% of HIV strains stop spreading). The vaccination rate will be slow, not instantaneous, and it will give time for the other 10% of strains to fill the void. How many lives are saved depends on how quickly the vaccination moves out, how many people get it, and how quickly the other strains spread.

      Incidentally, condoms work so well at preventing HIV from spreading that if everyone used them, the propagation rate of HIV would likely be dropped below a sustainable level, and AIDS would disappear. In Nevada brothels that use condoms, HIV rates are quite low.

      --
      Qxe4
    7. Re:Progress on this front is good by Nadaka · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The thing about an antibody treatment is that it is theoretically possible to actually cure someone someone with HIV.

      If the antibodies are sufficiently effective they prevent the existing viruses from infecting new cells and eventually the body will run out of previously infected cells.

      At that point the person would be cured.

    8. Re:Progress on this front is good by Beardo+the+Bearded · · Score: 3, Informative

      Condoms are differentially permeable membranes.

      Think about that for a minute, or twenty, which is how often they recommend changing gloves if you work with blood.

      --

      ---
      ECHELON is a government program to find words like bomb, jihad, plutonium, assassinate, and anarchy.
    9. Re:Progress on this front is good by hitmark · · Score: 2, Informative

      not by a long shot.

      --
      comment first, facts later. http://chem.tufts.edu/AnswersInScience/RelativityofWrong.htm
    10. Re:Progress on this front is good by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      I am impressed by your knowledge of Nevada brothels and wish to subscribe to your newsletter.

    11. Re:Progress on this front is good by Drift3r · · Score: 2, Funny

      Incidentally, condoms work so well at preventing HIV from spreading that if everyone used them, the propagation rate of HIV would likely be dropped below a sustainable level, and AIDS would disappear. In Nevada brothels that use condoms, HIV rates are quite low.

      I would agree with this statement. If everybody used condoms, then I could say the same thing about the propagation of pregnancy rates. If everybody used them, humans would likely be dropped below a sustainable level, and would disappear!

      --
      "If at first you don't succeed... So much for skydiving." - Henry Youngman.
  2. Re:Techno Puzzle by MozeeToby · · Score: 3, Insightful

    and yet I wonder if the guy whose body they came from will get any piece of the profits.. Let's hope he does..

    Why?

    The only logically reason why he deserves anything would be to encourage others to get tested for similar things, and I don't see too many researchers looking desperately looking for random people to come forward and have their antibodies tested.

  3. Re:Pshhh by Tetsujin · · Score: 2, Funny

    Yet another vaccine and cure that is hidden so that pharmaceutical companies get more and more money..

    Well, it's actually the money, not the vaccines, that are suppressing the virus...

    --
    Bow-ties are cool.
  4. Not the mechanism by aepervius · · Score: 4, Interesting

    It won#t start suddenly morphing. What will happen, is that the strain which DO morph will be selected for, as they will more easily spread, than the one stopped by this antibody. But I would not put my hope too high. "In laboratory" means in-vitro. A lot of stuff works in vitro, but never pan out.

    --
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    1. Re:Not the mechanism by cpricejones · · Score: 3, Informative

      The in vitro / in vivo gap is definitely a worry. The next stages of trials will give an answer with regards to that. The current issue of Science has several articles about the spread of HIV, including a good review about why it is difficult to eradicate HIV in an infected individual. ( for those with access, http://www.sciencemag.org/content/current/ or http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/329/5988/174.pdf ) There are many great broadly neutralizing antibodies coming out right now, and even though HIV has an astonishing ability to escape our immune systems, there is hope that these will be successful for vaccines. ( http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101256 )

  5. Sounds good... by mea37 · · Score: 2, Informative

    ...at least in the short term. But while my understanding is limited, one question seems glaring to me:

    If you cook up a medicine that treats 90% of HIV strains, in the long run are you doing anything more than ensuring that the remaining 10% become the entire body of the disease?

    1. Re:Sounds good... by exasperation · · Score: 4, Insightful

      No. You're drastically reducing the number of possible infections. 90% of exposures would be immunized against.

    2. Re:Sounds good... by Hatta · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Vaccines and antibiotics have never been more than a temporary measure against disease. Resistant HIV strains will become more common, just as resistant strains of Staph have. But if we can save millions of lives in the mean time, that's a good thing.

      --
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  6. Re:Techno Puzzle by PerfectionLost · · Score: 4, Informative

    He won't. You opt out as part of your agreement to lab testing. There was an article about this on NPR a couple months ago, but I can't seem to find it.

  7. HIV off the radar? by Geeky · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I grew up in the 80s when HIV was big news and - here in the UK - TV ads warning of the dangers of unsafe sex were aired. A whole generation seemed to have grown up paranoid (perhaps rightly) about unprotected sex.

    That seems to have faded and it's now seen as largely a third world problem. It seems that teenagers and twenty somethings have drifted back into behaviour that predated the advent of AIDS - and more. It's like they've worked out that it's still unlikely to affect them as it hasn't really got a grip in their demographic.

    Sadly that's led to a massive increase in other, albeit treatable, STDs.

    --
    Sigs are so 1990s. No way would I be seen dead with one.
    1. Re:HIV off the radar? by smellsofbikes · · Score: 3, Insightful
      The rise in the use of methamphetamines seems to have driven a lot of this behavioral change: people don't do a great job of thinking long-term under those circumstances. Dan Savage of Savage Love fame has written and talked about this extensively, because meth is such a large factor in the rave/dance scene, particularly the gay dance scene.

      What I think is more depressing is a sense of the inevitability of AIDS, coupled with a sense that AIDS is at least manageable (IF you have good medical insurance) that leads a lot of young gay men to pretty much shrug and decide they'll deal with AIDS when they get it. My girlfriend's best friend is a wonderful guy and not particularly stupid, but he was all twitterpated over this boy in California who was HIV positive, and was ready to go out there and move in with the guy, and when we were like "WHY??!?" he shrugged and said "love's worth AIDS." Which makes me question my characterization of him as not particularly stupid, but I think twenty-three-year-olds sometimes have issues actually comprehending what 50 years of an expensive daily drug regimen would be like.

      --
      Nostalgia's not what it used to be.
  8. Re:Great... by Bill+Dimm · · Score: 5, Funny

    So now we can all start fucking again?

    If you want to pretend that HIV was the reason people on Slashdot weren't fucking, you go right ahead.

  9. Re:So... by butterflysrage · · Score: 2, Insightful

    yes, at 1/10th the rate... that is a good thing

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  10. Re:So... by spazdor · · Score: 4, Interesting

    That's a great outcome. Remember, the people who have a strain of HIV from the other 90%, aren't going to get re-infected with one from the 10%. They will just be rendered effectively uncontagious.

    It's a one-time thing, to be sure; the resistant strain will spread at the same rate of growth - but it will do so from a severely stunted starting point.

    Assuming this works, it means a one-time epidemiological "rewind" - suddenly we'll have the much lower HIV rates we had 30 or 40 years ago, but we'll have the knowledge and preparedness of today. Imagine if we could use 2010's pharmaceuticals to nip the epidemic in the bud back then!

    --
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  11. Re:Pshhh by phantomfive · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I'm pretty ok with people getting money for doing something valuable. I was happy when Linus became a millionaire, I'll be happy if the people who invent an AIDS vaccine become millionaires. Other people having money doesn't reduce my happiness one bit, and when they get it for doing something awesome, it increases my happiness.

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    Qxe4
  12. Re:Pshhh by geekoid · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Yes, that explains why AIDS treatments have been getting better and cheaper.

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  13. Not all it's cracked up to be by overshoot · · Score: 5, Informative

    An HIV researcher's take on the news.

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  14. 90 percent isn't good enough by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The 10 percent that that are immune to the antibodies will take over and become the new 90 percent.

  15. And the news is... ? by Mortiss · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I fail to see the hype. There are plenty of great anti-HIV antibodies which are well described. These have a great cross-reactivity to many HIV strains and are directed against very conserved regions of envelope proteins. The trouble lies that no one so far has been able to find a way to produce them in a patient's body in large amounts. In addition, it is well known that Ab response is not really the way to go. Current HIV vaccines designs are moving towards inducing a innate immunity responses and also focus on T-cell not B-cell mediated immunity.

  16. Note on reverse transcription by johnpc831 · · Score: 4, Informative

    If my memory of microbiology serves me correctly, the variance in HIV has more to do with the super error-prone reverse transcription process than it does with the virus actually trying to evade destruction. Transcribing DNA from RNA also requires elements of the host cell, which can vary from person to person, and there is no error checking done at all.

  17. Intelligent Design by Nom+du+Keyboard · · Score: 3, Funny

    have been difficult because the virus continuously changes its surface proteins to evade recognition by the immune system.

    Yeah, almost like it was intelligently designed to be as difficult to kill as possible.

    --
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    1. Re:Intelligent Design by linhares · · Score: 2, Insightful

      then your intelligent designer decided to bring to this world lots and lots of innocent infected babies

  18. Re:WTF dude by linhares · · Score: 2, Funny

    son, one day, with luck, you may be a troll of legendary proportions. for now, you're just trying too hard

  19. Re:Pshhh by PAH2 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I'm pretty ok with people getting money for doing something valuable. I was happy when Linus became a millionaire, I'll be happy if the people who invent an AIDS vaccine become millionaires. Other people having money doesn't reduce my happiness one bit, and when they get it for doing something awesome, it increases my happiness.

    That would be great if it were that simple. However, we are flush with companies that will do anything to suppress the 'cure' research while working full out on the 'maintenance' research. The old "take this for the rest of your life" is a cash cow forever. A 'cure' will not be found in the good ole USA. We are capitalists and if there is no big money involved, it won't happen. A cure stops the profit.

  20. Re:Pshhh by phantomfive · · Score: 2, Informative

    That's pretty much on par with conspiracy, there man. It's like saying Haliburton caused the BP well leak because they knew they would be called in to help clean it up, except worse.

    Either pull out your evidence that all companies are avoiding researching on promising AIDS cures, or put away the tin-foil hat.

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    Qxe4