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Sonic Skydive's Real Aim Is To Help Astronauts Survive

mattnyc99 writes "Earlier this year came reports that Felix Baumgartner (the daredevil who flew across the English Channel) would be attempting to jump from a balloon at least 120,000 feet altitude, break the sound barrier, and live. Now comes a big investigative story from Esquire's issue on achieving the impossible, which details the former NASA team dedicated to making sure Baumgartner's Stratos project will instruct the future safety of manned space flight (including Jonathan Clark, the husband of an astronaut who died in the Columbia disaster). From the article (which also includes pics and video shot by the amateur space photographer we've discussed here before): 'that's also precisely what makes Stratos great. It's more like Mercury than the shuttle: They're taking risks, making things up as they go along. But they're also doing important work, potentially groundbreaking work. They're doing what NASA no longer has the balls to do. Hell, he'd do it for free. He is doing it for free. Stratos only picks up his travel expenses. Clark looks at his friend, shrugs. "This is new space."'"

36 of 140 comments (clear)

  1. Project Excelsior by elrous0 · · Score: 4, Informative

    For those who like this sort of thing, you might want to read up on Project Excelsior. Men have been doing those edge-of-space dives since the 60's. As part of that project, Joseph Kittinger jumped from 102,800 ft. Pretty amazing accomplishment for 1960 to even get up that high, much less jump from there.

    --
    SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
    1. Re:Project Excelsior by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      RTFA. First off, the guy who did the 100k ft jump is alive and consulting on the new jump. Second, they don't know this jump is possible, because jumping from 150,000 feet involved breaking the sound barrier, which no one's ever done before.

    2. Re:Project Excelsior by Jurily · · Score: 4, Funny

      It's rude to spoil a good argument with facts.

    3. Re:Project Excelsior by SleazyRidr · · Score: 5, Funny

      Yeah, they just make the other person believe what they already said more anyway.

  2. Re:Mrs. Jonathan Clark? by __aagctu1952 · · Score: 4, Informative

    (including Jonathan Clark, the husband of an astronaut who died in the Columbia disaster)

    So wait. Was this 'Jonathan Clark' a woman? Or was the 'astronaut' gay? Is this a weird typo?

    Are you for real? You do know that women can be astronauts too, right?
    The crew of STS-107 consisted of 5 men and 2 women. One of those was Laurel Clark.

  3. unclear how mangled astronauts were in accidents by peter303 · · Score: 2, Informative

    Due to privacy rights we wont know that for 75 years. But Columbia was a Science Mission and some of experiment trays survived re-entry. Some computer disks could even be read. I heard from talks by the P.I.s in my area there was about 75% experiment success rate and special publication of results. But most of that was due to telemetried data before the accident.

  4. Red Bull, anyone? by VTI9600 · · Score: 4, Informative

    I find it odd that the summary neither links to nor mentions the official project page. Perhaps the author has something against Red Bull (or that it uses MS Silverlight). In any case, this is the Red Bull Stratos project, not the Baumgartner Stratos Project. This is some pretty exciting stuff...Besides being totally bad-ass, Kittinger's original jump paved the way for manned space exploration. It may seem tacky to some, but credit should be given where credit is due, and as Red Bull is the primary sponsor of the project, they deserve to be mentioned.

    1. Re:Red Bull, anyone? by VTI9600 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      For another great moment in skydiving/Red Bull history check out this video of Travis Pastrana. I heard he got banned for life by the USPA for this stunt. Apparently its illegal in the US to exit an airplane without a parachute.

    2. Re:Red Bull, anyone? by Burger-Eater · · Score: 4, Informative

      That jump wasn't done in the U.S. Also, the USPA can't ban anyone from doing anything, the FAA however can pull a pilots license for allowing divers to pull bandit jumps like this. That jump has been done many many times since the 80's but most people only know about Pastrana's.

  5. Video of Kittinger Jumping by catchblue22 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Here is a music video by Boards of Canada, in which they show the original footage of Joseph Kittinger jumping from 102,800 ft. Much of the last part of the video is from something else, but the first part is real. It really is haunting to see him push off of the balloon platform.

    --
    This and no other is the root from which a tyrant springs; when first he appears as a protector - Plato (423 to 327 BC)
    1. Re:Video of Kittinger Jumping by gandhi_2 · · Score: 3, Informative

      The real trip is, with the rarefied atmosphere there was no sound. When he jumped, he wasn't even sure he was falling to the earth or just floating around. Only when he managed to see the balloon getting smaller and smaller "above" him did he feel better.

  6. Not quite... by Angst+Badger · · Score: 4, Informative

    Jumping from a nearly stationary start at 100,000 feet is a very different proposition than reentering the atmosphere at orbital speed. Objects don't burn up just because they're falling through the atmosphere; they burn up because they're entering the atmosphere at very high speeds. I forget the exact value -- LEO isn't my specialty -- but objects in low Earth orbit are traveling somewhere north of 14,000 mph. (Meteors coming in from interplanetary space have even faster velocities measured in km/sec.) A high altitude jump like this may give us some useful data, but it does very little to pave the way for an individual descent from orbit.

    --
    Proud member of the Weirdo-American community.
    1. Re:Not quite... by 0123456 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      A high altitude jump like this may give us some useful data, but it does very little to pave the way for an individual descent from orbit.

      However, re-entry is largely a solved problem, whereas high-altitude parachuting isn't. If we had a need for an emergency system to bring astronauts down to 100,000 feet we could probably build a suitable heat-shield and reaction jet control system in a few months, but it won't help if their parachute fails after that.

    2. Re:Not quite... by DerekLyons · · Score: 2, Insightful

      However, re-entry is largely a solved problem, whereas high-altitude parachuting isn't.

      However, as pointed out by the grandparent, high altitude parachuting is a solution in search of a problem.
       

      If we had a need for an emergency system to bring astronauts down to 100,000 feet

      We'd slap ourselves on the forehead and design the emergency system to bring them down to 30,000 feet, or more likely all the way to the ground. 100,00 feet is a stupid altitude to leave an emergency capsule since you're too high and will still be going too fast. (In terms of that perennial Slashdot favorite the automobile analogy: this is like equipping a car with airbags - that only function when the car is going 100MPH or faster.)
       
      By the time you've built the complex parachute system required to slow down enough to safely exit that capsule at 100,000 feet, you haven't saved any weight or volume over the lighter and simpler (because you can design the capsule to slow down via drag, taking away work from the parachute system.) system to slow down the capsule enough to exit at 30,000 feet, in fact it will be heavier and bulkier. (Look at all the fancy tricks NASA has to employ for landing on Mars - a much simpler task than getting out at 100,000 feet.) All you need to add to get from 100,000 to 30,000 feet, once you've got a capsule that can descend to 100,000 feet, is a few ounces of compressed O2 for the few extra minutes the astronaut will be breathing in the capsule - O2 he'll need in his suit anyway if he's parachuting independently.
       
      And you've gotten to 30,000 feet - there's no particular reason to leave the safety of the capsule for the complexity and risk of ejecting or otherwise departing the capsule for a parachute jump. Might as well come all the way to the surface.

    3. Re:Not quite... by Shadow+Wrought · · Score: 3, Funny

      objects in low Earth orbit are traveling somewhere north of 14,000 mph

      That's why they jump backwards.

      --
      If brevity is the soul of wit, then how does one explain Twitter?
    4. Re:Not quite... by suomynonAyletamitlU · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I was going to post something similar if I didn't find a comment like this.

      The problem--well, not the only problem, but a big one--is horizontal velocity (as in across the map and not downwards). Imagine how much propellant--even in space--it would take to accelerate you to 14,000 mph (or whatever the actual orbital velocity is--wikipedia puts the ISS at 17,000 mph). If you want to get back down to zero velocity relative to the ground, you have to have that same amount of propellant, along with steering thrusters of some kind and enough computers to make sure you're pointed in directly the right way to cancel out your existing momentum without adding new vectors. Since you probably can't fit that all on a suit of any kind, you are now looking at a capsule, and if you are looking at a capsule, there aren't a whole lot of good reasons not to simply have a normal re-entry capsule, which instead of wasting space on tons of reaction mass or fuel, simply has room for the people, radio, shielding, parachutes, etc.

      And weight is ALWAYS a big issue. It has always been. More weight means more fuel use on the launchpad, plus more fuel for EVERY maneuver you do, and extra fuel itself means more weight. More fuel needed than what your rocket can handle means either a second launch or a bigger class of rocket, or you scrap the project.

      So I'm pretty sure that you can't get from orbital to stationary jumps feasibly. And if you want to reenter at orbital speeds... well... again we come back to how much propellant you'd need to slow down to a stop, or even to a controllable 60-100mph; you have to absorb that same amount of energy with whatever suit or capsule you put the dude in. And you have to worry about other things, like trajectory. I bet you're a lot more likely to skip off the atmosphere at those speeds in a suit than in a heavy object like a space shuttle.

    5. Re:Not quite... by 0123456 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Other than the fact that the type of casualty which would lead to the need for this kind of escape system is such a far fetched edge case that you might as well stock holy water, garlic, and a gun with silver bullets as well...

      Wihch would you rather have: a big hole in your shuttle heat shield and no chance of surviving, or a big hole in your shuttle heat shield and seven MOOSE packs in a locker that give you some chance of surviving?

      Because while you can probably spare a few hundred kilos for emergency survival, you sure aren't going to carry an escape capsule which can bring your whole crew back to Earth in comfort, just in case it's needed.

    6. Re:Not quite... by harlows_monkeys · · Score: 4, Informative

      If humans can survive at, say, 1000 mph entering the atmosphere, that still implies you have only 100 something miles (or maybe less) to decelerate around 13000 mph. I don't know whether or not this would cause problems, but I'm guessing in order for that to happen, organs are going to get squished

      14000 mph to 1000 mph over a distance of 100 miles would be 12.3 g deceleration for 48 seconds.

      This is survivable with no damage and no loss of consciousness by untrained individuals if they are facing the direction of travel (or, as wikipedia puts it, "eyeballs-in"). The limit for eyeballs-in with no damage or LOC experimentally is about 17g. Eyeball-out is only 12g.

      If the force is parallel to the spine, rather than perpendicular, the numbers are much lower. Around 9g for a trained person in a g suit.

      So, as long as this was done in a controlled fashion, so as to keep the people aligned properly, it would be survivable and not too harmful, at least for healthy people. Probably not too pleasant.

      However, your 100 miles is way to low. It's 100 miles if they are traveling straight down, but they would not be. They are starting with a velocity of 14000 mph perpendicular to straight down. The goal is to end up 100 miles lower with a velocity of 1000 mph or less, so you can enter the atmosphere. You'd do this over much longer than 48 seconds, and travel much farther than 100 miles while doing it. Depending on how much fuel you've got, you could make it arbitrarily gentle.

  7. Doing what NASA won't - don't make me laugh by DerekLyons · · Score: 4, Interesting

    "They're doing what NASA no longer has the balls to do."

    It's not like an astronaut will be stepping out of a spacecraft at 100kft, he'll be burnt to a crisp and mangled by the air blast as his craft will still have considerable speed at that altitude.

    If he's doing a personal (individual) recovery as suggested by another poster, then the astronaut will be riding in a small capsule and parachutes for slowing down small capsules are a long solved problem.

    In short, with regards to space safety, this is pretty much a meaningless stunt as it has nothing in common with any but the most far fetched of scenarios.

  8. Re:cool by abigor · · Score: 2, Informative

    1. Mt. Everest is 29,028 feet.

    2. People climb it without supplementary oxygen all the time - it's considered the "real" way to climb Everest. Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler first did it way back in 1980 or so.

    What can cause issues is the lower pressure, which may lead to edemas. That's why you need to hang around at higher altitudes for a while first to acclimatise.

  9. Two Separate Problems by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Informative

    There is the problem of descending from 120,000 feet with a parachute, which is solvable with space suits, multi-stage parachutes, etc.

    Then there is the problem that this project would not address at all, which is how to decelerate from orbital speed of Mach 12 or so. The space shuttle that broke up on re-entry did so while it was going fast enough that the atmospheric friction would melt metal.

    1. Re:Two Separate Problems by MichaelSmith · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Orbital speed is ~mach 21. Heat shields are pretty well established technology. Early spy satellites dropped film containers which were collected on Earth. Then there was Mercury up to Apollo. The Galileo entry probe hit Jupiter at 50 km/s (~mach 150).

      So you can pretty much dial your own heat shield now. The problem is that it is going to be bulky. For a two metre human I expect you will need a conical structure ~3 metres in diameter and about a metre deep. Rockets and guidance will be needed if you need to deorbit. If the aerobraking is unguided then you will pull serious gees, but not enough to be fatal.

      I don't think the parachute system is much of an issue. You are gong to be down to terminal velocity close to the ground anyway. Just fire the chute at 10km altitude.

    2. Re:Two Separate Problems by joh · · Score: 3, Insightful

      There might be other options like using some large and light drag device (like a large balloon) to already brake high up in the atmosphere with much less heating. If you can manage to have a large surface area to weight ratio heating can be quite gentle.

      There have been calculations that a simple table-tennis ball could survive reentry with no further protection for exactly this reason.

      There even have been (russian) tests with inflatable heatshields working in this way. The dense reentry-vehicles with ablating heat shields are mostly a heritage from ICBM technology which depend on going in as fast and straight as possible (they're weapons after all).

    3. Re:Two Separate Problems by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Given a large surface area device, you have to carry a lot more oxygen for the passenger, because the re-entry will take much longer. And you might want to get an ill or injured passenger down quickly.

      Isn't this potentially a good experiment for a microsat payload? Inflate something and wait for the drag to decay the orbit, then re-enter. It seems to me it might be in the range of a college or amateur team, or AMSAT.

      It sounds like the Russians haven't had a fully successful recovery in three tries. But I may be citing a different sort of project.

    4. Re:Two Separate Problems by jd · · Score: 2, Interesting

      True, but we know that there were survivors from the initial explosion of the fuel tank on Challenger. If they had been in a position to bail out, there is still no guarantee they would have survived any internal injuries received at that point, or debris impacts after bailing out, but it is within the bounds of possibility that the death toll on that specific tragedy would not have been quite so great.

      The other possibility to consider is what happens if any future manned mission is stranded in space, with damage too great for repairs and no possibility of rescue within the time the capsule or whatever can remain in orbit. I seem to remember a case of a Russian astronaut being (temporarily) stranded in space after a malfunction, with NASA being incapable of offering help due to the time it would take to launch a rescue. The ability to descend safely would only require that the vehicle decelerate sufficiently. Even if that meant dropping like a stone immediately after, so long as the astronaut could get out in time, that would be no big deal.

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    5. Re:Two Separate Problems by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Informative

      Kittinger used a multiple-stage parachute. He did most of the descent in 4 and a half minutes, with a drogue which kept him from tumbling. At 17K he opened his main chute and took 13 more minutes to descend.

    6. Re:Two Separate Problems by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Hi JD, They were past MaxQ at T+73 seconds. The aerodynamic forces, not the explosion, broke up the orbiter. So, maybe not that time. But sure this is nice equipment to have.

    7. Re:Two Separate Problems by MichaelSmith · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Yeah thats the fluffy reentry vehicle. Cometary dust grains get into our atmosphere that way because their surface area is large compared to their volume and mass. Unfortunately they also decelerate at hundreds of gravities, which is not going to be good for your passengers.

      I do think, however, that large devices which generate drag could be used to passively deorbit rescue craft. You could use this if your retro rockets fail. If you had a very light canopy (say a few molecules thick) you could grab on to the thin atmosphere at 300 km altitude and drop your orbital altitude in a day or two.

    8. Re:Two Separate Problems by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      I just had the honor of witnessing a conversation between Bruce friggin Perens and a guy with a lower uid than Bruce friggin Perens.

      Words fail. Thank you.

    9. Re:Two Separate Problems by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Anonymous Coward wrote:

      I just had the honor of witnessing a conversation between Bruce friggin Perens and a guy with a lower uid than Bruce friggin Perens.

      Yes, JD is an old-timer. But the funny thing is that I knew about Slashdot for months, Debian guys were talking about it, etc., and I refrained from showing up there. Finally something made me do it. If I hadn't done that, I'd probably be in the three digit UID club.

      Well, I did get credit for some other stuff :-)

    10. Re:Two Separate Problems by jd · · Score: 2, Informative

      Yes, I remember watching. I'd only recently got the Space Shuttle handbook NASA had published and was comparing the sequence of steps the book gave versus the actual launch. MaxQ was with engines at 102%, whereas the handbook stated this should be 100%. Up until they identified the actual cause, I remember wondering if the extra stress had caused something to break.

      Not long after, when they'd recovered the front section, I recall reading that they had found that the environmental controls had been altered after the break-up and before colliding with the ocean (hence the conclusion by NASA that the explosion had been survived by at least one of the crew). I do not know if they ever determined when those adjustments were made, or whether they were able to confirm they'd been made consciously versus being struck by an unconscious/dead crew member.

      The theory that someone could have potentially bailed out rests on the premise that NASA's assessment at the time had indeed been correct and that the adjustment was made subsequent to the section the crew were in reaching apogee and that this section of the shuttle remained both high enough and at a low enough velocity for this new technique to have been useful. That is a LOT of assumptions and only one of them has to be incorrect for the whole idea to fall over for that specific case.

      Regardless, you are absolutely correct in saying that this is a great piece of equipment to have. That and the experience/information obtained may very well have all kinds of influences, ranging from what we consider to be survivable through to what we consider to be hobbyist freefall. (To me, the ideal would be to pack the guy with motion and pressure sensors along with a device that can record the information at decent resolution for the entire descent provided it was not done to the point where it would increase the risk unduly. They probably will have some monitoring, or it wouldn't help NASA much, but the one thing you absolutely do not want is for the engineers to come back and say that too few parameters were being tracked for them to do anything with the results.)

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    11. Re:Two Separate Problems by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 3, Informative

      Yes, the EVA suits and vehicle environments rebreathe, so it would be expected as a weight-saving measure if nothing else. You need 7 lbs of oxygen per hour in a rebreather. But there's more: the suit has to remove carbon dioxide to avoid a toxic atmosphere. So, you need the chemical load to leach 7 lbs of C02 out of air per hour. If you recycle your CO2 leach chemical, you need energy to heat and cool it. And then, you need temperature management.

      When you're finished, it looks like a Mercury capsule :-)

  10. Re:cool by MichaelSmith · · Score: 2, Informative

    1. Mt. Everest is 29,028 feet.

    2. People climb it without supplementary oxygen all the time - it's considered the "real" way to climb Everest. Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler first did it way back in 1980 or so.

    Yes but you need to work up to it. You can die at 20000 feet (for example if pressurization fails in an aircraft) even though people live at that altitude in Nepal.

  11. Re:Mrs. Jonathan Clark? by geekoid · · Score: 2, Funny

    That's right. They need people to cook and clean in space to~

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
  12. Not the greatest choice of words by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    "But they're also doing important work, potentially groundbreaking work."

    Only if the parachute fails...

  13. Re:cool by gandhi_2 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler

    I guess Sherpas don't count?