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State Senator Admits Cable Industry Helped Write Pro-Industry Legislation

jamie sends in news of comments by David Hoyle, a State Senator in North Carolina, about recently defeated legislation he sponsored that would have limited the ability of government to develop municipal broadband. Hoyle readily admitted that the cable industry had a hand in writing the bill. We discussed the cable industry's extensive lobbying efforts in that region last year. From the article: "The veteran state senator says cities should leave broadband to the cable companies. 'It's not fair for any government unit to compete with private enterprise,' he says. In the last legislative session Sen. Hoyle tried to put a moratorium on any more local governments expanding into municipal broadband. When the I-Team asked him if the cable industry drew up the bill, Senator Hoyle responded, 'Yes, along with my help.' When asked about criticism that he was 'carrying water' for the cable companies, Hoyle replied, 'I've carried more water than Gunga Din for the business community — the people who pay the taxes.'"

44 of 426 comments (clear)

  1. Govt. competing with private enterprise by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The veteran state senator says cities should leave broadband to the cable companies. 'It's not fair for any government unit to compete with private enterprise,' he says.

    Yeah, just look at how the Post Office drove UPS and FedEx out of business.

    1. Re:Govt. competing with private enterprise by clarkkent09 · · Score: 3, Informative

      It certainly drove them out of letter delivery business which is illegal for anybody other than the Post Office to do: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service#Universal_Service_Obligation_and_monopoly_status

      --
      Negative moral value of force outweighs the positive value of good intentions.
    2. Re:Govt. competing with private enterprise by TheFlamingoKing · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It's "self-sufficient" in the sense that they do not get direct taxpayer dollars to pay for operation like other departments. It is not "self-sufficient" in the sense that it runs at a massive deficit and has to borrow money from the US Treasury like crazy to stay afloat. For the last 3 years, the post office has borrowed the maximum $3B from the Treasury, and is expected to lose $238B in the next 10 years.

    3. Re:Govt. competing with private enterprise by shentino · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That's a valid quid pro quo to compensate for the fact that mail service in the US is done for everyone, no matter how unprofitable a particular place might be.

      If it were left up to the free market, they'd welch out on the boonies and stay in the cities where it's profitable.

      Which would leave the USPS with nothing but losses as they get stuck with all the sucky spots.

    4. Re:Govt. competing with private enterprise by anglico · · Score: 3, Informative

      Other than the first class mail monopoly, the USPS also enjoys government 'protection' from having to pay gasoline taxes, parking tickets, vehicle registrations. and any other tax or fine that is imposed on a private sector business.

      When the USPS decided to push into the package business around 1995 IIRC, UPS and FedEx started letter writing campaigns to alert Congress to the unfair advantage they would have with the ability to subsidize their losses with their first class mail monopoly. I haven't worked for UPS for a while now, but I do remember that was something management talked to us about, a lot!

    5. Re:Govt. competing with private enterprise by cgenman · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The original point seems to be that the Post Office has been a model for actual successful government programs (broke even, cheaper than anyone expected, and worked) for many years. The post was relied upon by most businesses in some form or another since 1775.

      Recently, it has been evolved out. But the point still stands that successful government run programs do exist.

    6. Re:Govt. competing with private enterprise by Ichijo · · Score: 3, Insightful

      If it were left up to the free market, they'd welch out on the boonies and stay in the cities where it's profitable.

      Then people who live out in the boonies would just pick up their mail at the nearest post office. That doesn't sound unreasonable. Consider it part of the cost of living far away from civilization.

      --
      Any sufficiently unpopular but cohesive argument is indistinguishable from trolling.
  2. Who pays taxes? by Jah-Wren+Ryel · · Score: 3, Insightful

    'I've carried more water than Gunga Din for the business community -- the people who pay the taxes.'"

    So much for the idea, hugely popular with the 'business community,' that taxes are always just passed through to the consumer.
    I guess he must be a democrat, right?

    PS - it isn't this David Hoyle in case anyone else was wondering...

    --
    When information is power, privacy is freedom.
    1. Re:Who pays taxes? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      'I've carried more water than Gunga Din for the business community -- the people who pay the taxes.'"

      So much for the idea, hugely popular with the 'business community,' that taxes are always just passed through to the consumer.
      I guess he must be a democrat, right?

      PS - it isn't this David Hoyle in case anyone else was wondering...

      Translation: I am bought and paid for so screw you.

    2. Re:Who pays taxes? by SpaceLifeForm · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Does not matter if Republican or Democrat, he is an
      idiot. A corrupted brain, he needs to be removed from office.

      --
      You are being MICROattacked, from various angles, in a SOFT manner.
    3. Re:Who pays taxes? by icebike · · Score: 3, Insightful

      He quite possibly believes that businesses actually do pay taxes.

      But more likely he probably understands he would get no bribes or campaign contributions from cities.

      As to the issue at hand

      I'm not convinced that community broadband wouldn't turn into an unmaintainable wasteland of governmental mismanagement, but I'd be willing to give it a try.

      It would be great to have it around as a price anchor, to keep the big providers honest, but with no monopoly mandate.

      If nothing else we would have worst case pricing data of how much it really costs to run such a system on a city wide scale, something we never get from the big boys.

      In much of the US, you have very little choice in broadband providers. Who ever wired your neighborhood pretty much owns you.

      --
      Sig Battery depleted. Reverting to safe mode.
    4. Re:Who pays taxes? by tthomas48 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I like the fact that you're making this into a partisan issue, rather than pointing out that he's completely out of touch with who pays taxes in his state. According to this website (http://www.taxfoundation.org/research/topic/47.html) while corporations may pay a lot in North Carolina, individuals are taxed at some of the highest rates in the US.

  3. Wohoo! by DoofusOfDeath · · Score: 4, Funny

    It's not fair for any government unit to compete with private enterprise.

    I'm going to start my own mercenary company, and the U.S. Army won't be allowed to compete for national defense!

    1. Re:Wohoo! by timeOday · · Score: 4, Insightful
      Just don't fall behind on your protection money!

      Stories like this remind us that representative democracy (a form of government), isn't particularly tied to capitalism (an economic system). In fact, the pairing is counter-intuitive and occurred only relatively recently in history. Honestly, what self-respecting captain of industry believes they should share political power equally with the underclass! Even the authors of the Constitution lacked this vision; "in the eighteenth century, the right to cast a vote belonged largely to white, male property holders. Even John Adams, in 1776, opposed broadening the franchise." So, it is only something that has come about over time.

      The type of government most similar to capitalism is not democracy but plutocracy, since that's what private companies are. It turns out that democracy and capitalism, though conflicted in some ways, are a very powerful combination. But if we neglect to uphold the separations between them, democracy will be lost.

  4. This is great news! by Weaselmancer · · Score: 5, Funny

    When the I-Team asked him if the cable industry drew up the bill, Senator Hoyle responded, 'Yes, along with my help.' When asked about criticism that he was 'carrying water' for the cable companies, Hoyle replied, 'I've carried more water than Gunga Din for the business community — the people who pay the taxes.'"

    Apparently it's business that pays all the taxes in this country and not the citizens!

    Wooohoo! All that tax I've been paying every year around April 15 is an error! There has been some huge oversight and I've been being billed incorrectly.

    I'll take a check for the balance Senator. Pay me when you can.

    --
    Weaselmancer
    rediculous.
    1. Re:This is great news! by Red+Flayer · · Score: 3, Informative

      And since most businesses have their central office (usually totaling a coke machine and a janitor) located in States with no corporate State tax

      They still pay state tax where they do business. The reason corporations headquarter in Delaware is because (1) the franchise tax is low and (2) Delaware has really [strong privacy protections|lax reporting standards].

      or have even off-shored said office to tax havens and pay no Federal taxes either (ie: virtually all the top 10% of companies that are nominally American*), these "tax" things the Senator collects aren't taxes the IRS knows anything about.

      This is a problem. But not as big as you'd make it out to be; we could institute mandatory withholding on transfers out of the country (like Argentina does). This would be a good way to fix the problem -- file an auditable return, and you can get any overpayment refunded to you. A problem is that it would required a central bank processing system, which is not gonna happen. And off course, the people who really have the influence are those who prefer the status quo. And then there's the tax treaties we have that would prevent this, although we could make withholding mandatory only for countries that operate as tax havens.

      --
      "Trolls they were, but filled with the evil will of their master: a fell race..." -- J.R.R. Tolkien on Olog-hai
  5. US citizens pay more taxes than corporations by RichMan · · Score: 4, Informative

    It is a great US myth that corporations fund the government. The actual facts are that the people pay more.
    Also the citizens vote. So why are the politicals doing the behest of the corporations ?

    http://www.usgovernmentrevenue.com/yearrev2009_0.html

    2009 Income Taxes
    Individual: $915.3B
    Corporate: $138.2B

    1. Re:US citizens pay more taxes than corporations by GungaDan · · Score: 5, Insightful

      This is not a mystery: the corporations fund the election ads for the parasite class that makes our laws. Problem is that the modern Democratic party has now shown us quite convincingly that even when campaigns are funded mostly by small individual citizen donations, they still rule for the benefit of corporations once they get into office (I'm looking squarely at you, Mr. Obama - you fucking disgrace). It's a win/win for business and a no-win for citizens. The only solution is to take money out of elections entirely by mandating public financing for all elections and forbidding any private money at all to be used in campaigning.

      --
      Eloi are stupid, throw morlocks at them!
    2. Re:US citizens pay more taxes than corporations by MrHyd3 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      As a business owner, I can say, in the end, companies don't "pay" taxes, we just raise our rates and make the consumer pay it. That's how it works. So every time, the GOV passes a stupid law or regulation, a company has to raise their rates to compensate the hiring of someone to manage the new law, equipment, new rules to abide, paperwork, etc for the hike.

      In the end, consumer is always the one that's screwed. So to you people who FEEL good when you hear politicians talking about taxing, regulating businesses - YOU pay more. How does taxing a business help any individual? It doesn't....typical class warfare tactic and ignorant emotional people who put politicians there.

      This applies to all political parties...

      --
      -------- Of all the things I've lost, I miss my mind the most. --Ozzy
    3. Re:US citizens pay more taxes than corporations by magus_melchior · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The soundbite "corporations fund the government" is probably better expressed as "corporations contribute more than individuals to political campaigns"-- and with the Citizens United decision, corporations are poised to dump millions of dollars into campaigns this year, such as the recent $1 million donation by NewsCorp to the Republican gubernatorial fund. This gets the politicians' interests, not tax money-- taxes are what they use to piss off voters and get themselves re-elected, so they can cut more off the top rates. Democrats are especially clumsy at handling this because (1) they're just as complicit as Republicans in accepting corporate money-- though the corps are starting to abandon them; (2) Democrats, unlike Republicans, have never had a cohesive tax message (it is hard to beat "NO MOAR TAXES!"), and can get themselves in very hot water if they screw up planning or communication (case in point: Japanese PM Kan talking about raising the VAT in the fortnight before the Councilors' election; yes, he's Japanese, but the DPJ is largely cut from the same ideological cloth as the Third Way Democrats in the USA).

      Furthermore, the idea that individuals pay more than corporations can be a bit misleading, as there are many more individuals than corporations, and corporations pay a larger amount per return (at least, those who are honest). Still, the question of why government does the bidding of corporations when ordinary Joes pay more into the system is a valid one. This isn't a refutation of this part of your argument, by the way-- this is essentially what a pro-business conservative/libertarian would bring up.

      --
      "We are Microsoft. You shall be assimilated. Competition is futile."
    4. Re:US citizens pay more taxes than corporations by rjstanford · · Score: 3, Interesting

      And as a small business owner myself, I'd say that if corporations really weren't taxed at all that the number of not-really-a-company private-contractor corporations would balloon like crazy... and they're already pretty crazy. Of course, those aren't generally accessible to those at the lower end of the food chain (so to speak), so the rate at which the top few percent left the bottom 50% of the country behind would just grow even faster.

      --
      You're special forces then? That's great! I just love your olympics!
    5. Re:US citizens pay more taxes than corporations by dkleinsc · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Problem is that the modern Democratic party has now shown us quite convincingly that even when campaigns are funded mostly by small individual citizen donations, they still rule for the benefit of corporations once they get into office (I'm looking squarely at you, Mr. Obama - you fucking disgrace).

      Yes and no. Obama's campaign started out funded significantly by small individual citizen donations, and more funded by smaller donations than either the Clinton or McCain campaigns, but as soon as it became clear he was going to win a lot of the big corporate donor types jumped in to fund him as well and effectively bought him off somewhere between the NH primary and the Democratic convention.

      Howard Dean's 2004 campaign, by contrast, was mostly funded by small individual citizen donations, but as soon as it became clear he was actually going to try to implement his policy proposals (like health care reform not written by insurance companies) his campaign was derailed by carefully applying sound editing to a campaign speech he made in Iowa to make it look like he was some sort of wild crazy man.

      --
      I am officially gone from /. Long live http://www.soylentnews.com/
  6. Business pays the taxes? by tomhudson · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Hoyle replied, 'I've carried more water than Gunga Din for the business community -- the people who pay the taxes.'"

    Business can only pay tax on income from spending. Consumer spending is direct from citizens. Government spending is indirectly from citizens.

    This guy needs to be reminded as to who pays his pay-check - especially since business pays proportionately a lot LESS tax than they did a generation ago, and the soon-to-disappear middle class a lot more!

  7. At least he's consistent by DoofusOfDeath · · Score: 4, Funny

    It's not fair for any government unit to compete with private enterprise.

    At least he's puting his money where his mouth is, by handing the legislative process over to the private sector.

  8. So is he against municip run power and gas too ? by SirGeek · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Where I live in Western Mass, I live in a city with municipal run power and our bill is always cheaper than the cities around us with the "business" run power.

    I'm very tempted to write up a proposal to have:

    1. City run cable business instead of Charter.
    2. City run municipal broadband.

    Wouldn't it be tons cheaper and better for the people of my town if the city could provide the sorta service this would require ? And new jobs would be created IN THE CITY...

    What a concept, huh ?

  9. What's new? by elrous0 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Hardly a secret that industry basically writes policy and law at both the state and federal level. As expensive as Congressional campaigns are, and with free reign to donate to (aka "bribe") any politician they choose, is it any real surprise that they're calling all the shots? Hell, Dick Cheney even gave the oil companies their own secret task force to write U.S. energy policy.

    --
    SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
  10. Re:I'm not sure..... by boristdog · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I'll give him +1 for honesty, but -10 for jackassery.

  11. Contradiction by Ukab+the+Great · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Whenever there's a discussion about privatizing municipal services, private industry's selling point is always that they can do a far better job than government because government is so inept and inefficient.

    If this is indeed the case, then shouldn't a municipal broadband should be no threat at all to private industry, and therefore there should be nothing at all for them to worry about.

    1. Re:Contradiction by cowscows · · Score: 4, Informative

      Most local and state governments cannot just decide to run deficits in the way that the federal government does. That's one of the reasons why state and local governments are having to severely cut services and get rid of employees over the course of this economic turmoil.

      --

      One time I threw a brick at a duck.

  12. Only one problem with his position by Todd+Knarr · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Only one problem: most municipalities contemplating running their own broadband Internet service are doing it precisely because the cable and phone companies aren't providing the service. It's time to stop thinking about Internet access as a service and start thinking about it as a utility, with the changes in mindset that implies (eg. you don't want parts of your city to be without water or electricity just because the utility companies think it won't be cost-effective to serve them).

  13. Businesses Pay Taxes? by tekrat · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Apparently this guy has never heard of Exxon!

    Once any business gets large enough, they do creative accounting or move all their "official" offices offshore (do you kow how many businesses are incorporated in Bermuda as a tax haven?) to avoid taxes.

    http://blogs.forbes.com/energysource/2010/04/07/exxon-says-it-does-pay-u-s-income-taxes/

    If the USA could actually collect what it is owed by big business, we wouldn't *have* a national debt!

    --
    If telephones are outlawed, then only outlaws will have telephones.
    1. Re:Businesses Pay Taxes? by Red+Flayer · · Score: 4, Informative

      Because the respective prices those corporations would charge to maintain the same profit margin would go up, multiplied countless times as their products get used and reused in creating final end consumer products.

      No. Pricing is not done to maintain a fixed profit, it is done to maximize profit. If they have room to move prices higher to maintain net profit in the face of higher taxes, then they are not pricing correctly.

      In theory, raising the tax on gross profit will have no impact on pricing, since their product is already priced to maximize gross profit.

      How many jobs would be returned to the US if we made the US a corporate tax haven and instituted some sane liability laws?

      Very few. The location of the headquarters has little to do with where the bulk of the jobs are. Instead, we'd have a higher direct tax burden on everyone, and no recourse if a company fucks people over.

      --
      "Trolls they were, but filled with the evil will of their master: a fell race..." -- J.R.R. Tolkien on Olog-hai
  14. For those who are interested... by moeluv · · Score: 4, Informative

    in letting Senator hoyle know exactly what they think of his ideas. Office: 300-A Legislative Office Building Phone: (919) 733-5734 Email: David.Hoyle@ncleg.net Legislative Mailing Address: NC Senate 300 N. Salisbury Street, Room 300-A Raleigh, NC 27603-5925 Terms in Senate: 9 (0 in House) District: 43 Counties Represented: Gaston Occupation: Real Estate Developer/Investor Address: P.O. Box 2567, Gastonia, NC 28053 Phone: (704) 867-0822

    1. Re:For those who are interested... by PacketShaper · · Score: 3, Informative

      Line breaks are your friend...

      Office: 300-A Legislative Office Building
      Phone: (919) 733-5734
      Email: David.Hoyle@ncleg.net

      Legislative Mailing Address:
      NC Senate 300 N. Salisbury Street, Room 300-A
      Raleigh, NC 27603-5925

      Terms in Senate: 9 (0 in House) District: 43
      Counties Represented: Gaston
      Occupation: Real Estate Developer/Investor

      Address:
      P.O. Box 2567, Gastonia, NC 28053
      Phone: (704) 867-0822

  15. Re:For those playing "Guess the Party" by Mongoose+Disciple · · Score: 5, Informative

    The source article doesn't mention his party, which is odd, but that's a perfectly non-conspiracy-theory explanation for why it's not in the summary if you'd like one.

  16. The lesser of two evils by Kristian+T. · · Score: 3, Insightful

    This senator for some reason seems to have forgotten that the sole reason privately owned services are often preferable to public ones is competition. In every instance that I've seen, a private monopoly is always a disaster. Given that private telco's stop at nothing to avoid competing - a public monopoly is the lesser evil. Free market fans like this guy should spend their energy ensuring that private industry keeps competing rather that trying to raise legal fences around markets that are no longer free because they have degenerated into monopolies. Granted there are many telco's - but if it's anything like here (in Denmark), their broadband cable networks are meticulously dug into the ground without any overlap at all, efectively leaving each customer without any choice. And when a municipal broadband appears - the previous local monopoly is always suddenly able to sell a much better product.

    --
    Run with the lemmings, and you'll get your feet wet.
  17. Re:For those playing "Guess the Party" by rbrander · · Score: 4, Insightful

    As Kurt Vonnegut once put it, the real two parties in the USA are "Winners" and "Losers".

    Ralph Nader would be your classic Loser. Stands always for a set of principles, never wins a thing. Ron Paul also very principled, despite having won at one level, despite having a crowd of fanatics that love his every utterance ("Nader's Raiders" could probably exchange some notes with them) has no better chance at a presidential run than Nader, and so is another Loser.

    The "rightward shift" of recent decades has basically been both parties wanting to be Winners, because corporate lobbying, corporate personnel going through revolving-doors into government and vice-versa, and regulatory capture of government agencies like the FCC and the MMS, and other forms of influence, have clarified for them all that anti-corporate laws and regulations will make you a Loser.

    Why nobody ever seems to do a kamikaze political career, a one-term deal where he does all the damage to the system he can and goes back to his law practice, mystifies me. Unless that's what Alan Grayson's plan is. (No plan is actually visible at present.)

    So both parties now claim to champion the Regular Little Guy while emphatically not doing so. The only difference I can spot is that Republicans openly claim that What's Good For Business IS Good For Everybody, and Democrats claim to be restraining business while putting only the most superficial and ineffective limits and controls on them, for show.

    Please, I'm not taking sides on that. It's possible that letting telecoms do anything they want with the airwaves and internet is a good thing, letting Wall Street make any deals is wants is a good thing, letting oil companies drill and frac anywhere they want (not "frack", that would be obscene) is a good thing. I'm just saying that one party says that and does it, the other ALSO does it while saying something different.

    It's getting ever-harder to stand for Party rather than principles, and much of Mr. Paul's appeal is he actually does so, breaking with is party, diametrically, and often. I happen to think his principles are frequently batshit crazy, but hey, I'm Canadian and can safely be dismissed from Serious Discussion.

  18. Yes, slashdot is biased by DarthBender · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Where is the 'Democrats' tag? Where is the party affiliation in the summary? And where is the donkey icon? If he was a Republican can anyone here seriously say that there would not be a 'Republicans' tag, the word 'republican' in the summary and the elephant icon?

  19. Re:O RLY? by MickyTheIdiot · · Score: 3, Insightful

    anyone that calls anything about our government "socialist" is simply a troll whose opinion means nuts.

    We live in the most pro-corporate state in world history. It doesn't matter which "side" is in control of the U.S. government... whoever is in charge is on some lever a corporatist right now. Socialism is a buzzword to whip shallow thinking people into and uproar.

  20. Re:I'm not sure..... by spun · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I don't think it actually works that way. In reality, businesses have many different expenses, payroll, taxes, inventory, and so on. The prices of the products and services they sell will certainly not be any less than the costs they incur. But how meaningful is it to say, "No business ever paid a single dime in taxes that wasn't paid for by a consumer?" You could say that about absolutely any expense a business had, "No business ever paid a single dime in payroll that wasn't paid for by a consumer," or "No business ever paid a single dime in inventory that wasn't paid for by a consumer," are all equally accurate statements.

    In fact, by your logic we could easily say that only businesses pay taxes, as individuals pass on the expense of taxes to their employer. No individual ever paid a single dime in taxes that wasn't paid for by a business, because said individual would be broke if they didn't have an income form some sort of business. And that is why your statements are meaningless.

    The real question comes when we raise taxes. Is the entirety of that increase always passed on to the consumer, or does some of it occasionally come out of corporate profits? I would hazard a guess that if corporations could just raise prices willy-nilly, they would. Competition keeps them from raising prices to arbitrarily high levels. If a corporation is hit with new taxes while making high profits, they may have to accept a reduction in profits in order to stay competitive.

    --
    - None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license. -- John Milton
  21. An educated senator? by VojakSvejk · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I just can't get over the fact that a state senator (or a US one, really) knows that Gunga Din was a water bearer. Maybe US education is better than I thought.

  22. There are only two parties by ISoldat53 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The bought and the for sale.

  23. Re:O RLY? by jonathansdt · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Most utilities are not run by the government but by private companies....make any case at all for privatizing them in your view?

    Most utilities are regulated. Those that are regulated provider cheaper power than their unregulated counterparts because their prices are based on average cost rather than marginal cost. The states that deregulated their power generation now have higher electric rates. This American belief that unchecked competition automatically produces cheaper products simply isn't true, especially with infrastructure.

  24. ATT has been doing this for years by jfoust2 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Here in Wisconsin, two years ago ATT came to the Capitol with more than a dozen lobbyists and started handing out campaign contributions. They picked a conservative Democrat and a Republican from the Senate and Assembly who would play ball. They handed them a "bill mill" draft of how they'd like to revamp Wisconsin's cable television laws. They did not invite anyone else to the meetings. They didn't invite the over-the-air broadcasters, they didn't invite the cable industry, they didn't invite the community television stations. They listened to ATT. They removed local city control and oversight of cable franchises and replaced it with a state-level franchise system with little to no oversight. They assigned minimal regulatory powers to the department of financial institutions - not the existing Public Service Commission that handles all other telecom. The only powers they assigned were to accept the annual $5,000 franchise application. They were not given any powers to reject any applications. They sunset the ability of cities to assign a surcharge on bills to fund their community television operations. All this, in the name of allowing ATT to be able to cherry-pick which neighborhoods would get U-Verse, without having to offer it to entire communities.

    --
    Curator of the Jefferson Computer Museum http://www.threedee.com/jcm