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China Embargos Rare Earth Exports To Japan
Hugh Pickens writes "The NY Times reports that the Chinese government has placed a trade embargo on all exports to Japan of a crucial category of minerals used in products like hybrid cars, wind turbines and guided missiles. China mines 93 percent of the world's rare earth minerals, and more than 99 percent of the world's supply of some of the most prized rare earths, which sell for several hundred dollars a pound. The embargo comes after a dispute over Japan's detention of a Chinese fishing trawler captain whose ship collided with two Japanese coast guard vessels as he tried to fish in waters controlled by Japan but long claimed by China. The Chinese embargo is likely to have immediate repercussions in Washington. The House Committee on Science and Technology is scheduled to review a detailed bill to subsidize the revival of the American rare earths industry and the House Armed Services Committee is scheduled to review the American military dependence on Chinese rare earth elements."
We should probably note here that the Wall Street Journal printed all kinds of denials from the Chinese. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704062804575509640345070222.html Me, I'm just annoyed that we can't get a real industrial policy together to support a rare earth metals industry in the US. Got annoyed enough to write a piece for The Atlantic about it: http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/09/worried-about-chinas-monopoly-on-rare-elements-restart-american-production/63444/ One thing to watch out for on the rare earth metal tip is that the Department of Defense is releasing a report on their use for military purposes in the beginning of October. Will be interesting to see what they say.
You'd be shocked over the amount of wars fought over 'special dirt', or shiny but worthless metal, or salt. In any case, if China and Japan duke it out, it won't be about dirt, it will be about a century long conflict (which incidentally has had Japan framed up as the villains more often than China) that was never properly resolved after the end of WWII. Kind of how WWII itself was caused by the never properly resolved conflict known as WWI.
Dirt, spice, poppies, slaves. We'll pretty much go to war over anything.
"And then World War 3 was fought over dirt."
When the U.S. embargoed oil to Japan in July, 1941 it was almost a certainty that war would soon follow.
The magnets extend life. The magnets expand consciousness. The magnets are vital to space travel.
The fisherman story is a big piece of this story, but not all or even half of it. The real issue at stake has to do with some little tiny rock in the East China Sea. It was recognized as an island and part of Japan's soveriegn land by treaties with the US in WW2, but historically has been used by both China and Japan. The fact is, it doesn't really qualify as an island by the international legal definition; it's just a dead volcano with no active life or anything. Just a big rock.
However, if the Japanese can claim it as their territorial grounds, then what comes along with that is the 200 mile exclusive economic zone, and apparently that area has some of the best commercial fishing in East Asia as well as being suspected of having substantial undiscovered mineral and gas deposits. So while the talk about a fisherman is noteworthy, he's just a pawn, like this rare earth metals embargo is also a pawn, in this game over access to exploit those resources.
"Japan doesn't have much of a military,"
That's because it's constitutionally prevented from having more than a "defensive force" of small scale. Treaties signed with the U.S. post-WWII require the U.S. to assist in the defense of Japan if it is attacked. See Defense policy of Japan
If you think this is really just about a fishing boat, you haven't studied enough history or global politics.
Despite there name rare earth metals are necessarily rare. It's just that China's cheap labour and environmental laws makes mining them cheaper.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elemental_abundances.svg
According to this chart Nd (neodymium) is about as abundant as Pb (lead) and Zinc (Zn).
When you consider the $'s and effort in northern Canada to mine natural diamonds even though you can create superior diamonds in a lab for cheaper, it puts things in perspective.
To be fair, the fishing boat rammed the Japanese military boat (there is speculation that elements within China have been putting fishing boat captains up to this in the hope of provoking Japan), so the crime isn't really that the guy was fishing in disputed waters.
"When the U.S. embargoed oil to Japan in July, 1941 it was almost a certainty that war would soon follow."
Only because of Japanese expansionist imperial policy and the invasion of Manchuria made it clear what Japanese goals were in the pacific. And their attack on Pearl Harbor later that year didnt help.
Python: 'And then suddenly you have a language which says "we're all stuck with whatever the whiniest coder wants".'
You forgot the part where the captain of the fishing boat rammed a pair of Japanese coast guard vessels during the altercation which is what led to his arrest. Note that the boat itself and the crew were released promptly. The Japanese currently have the boat captain held while they determine whether or not to formerly charge him in the ramming. IIRC Japanese law gives them ten days to hold him while charges are pending and if they charge him he will be put on trial and run through their justice system just like anyone charged with a crime pretty much anywhere.
China wants Japan to ignore their laws and release the captain. Not so much I think because they care about the captain though. Japan is holding the captain for violating their domestic laws for an act committed in their territorial waters. China is throwing a hissy fit because they also claim the islands near where this occurred and if they concede to Japan's right to try the captain in their courts they are assenting to Japan's claims of sovereignty over the islands in question. Of course it would really be a lot easier to just file an official protest with Japan, the UN and I don't know maybe the ICC protesting blah blah blah Japan's actions and then just carrying on as usual. They can still maintain their claim over the islands and instead of looking childish and irresponsible to the international community they look like a responsible grown up nation.
Personally I'm glad to see China playing their hand so early in the game with this and other recent outbursts as it really gives lie to their whole Peaceful Rise message they try to sell to the rest of the world. Their neighbors and west are finally getting the message that China needs to be taken seriously as a rising power and a rising threat to our interests and not just a cheap place to order walmart crap from.
Cheers,
Josh
"Listen: We are here on Earth to fart around. Don't let anybody tell you any different!" - Kurt Vonnegut
You're correct that rare earth elements aren't rare in the cosmic abundance sense. The original name came about because they were first isolated from a mineral only found in a particular mine in Ytterby, Sweden (hence the names of many of them: scandium (from scandanavia), yttrium, terbium, ytterbium, erbium).
The modern "rarity" issue comes in because they all have very similar chemical properties (mostly lanthanides, plus the rest of Group 3 (III-B oldstyle) of the periodic table). They tend to occur together, and because of the similar chemical properties, are difficult to separate. Not quite as difficult as, say, uranium isotopes, but not as trivial as separating lead or zinc from mixed sulfide ores.
-- Alastair
Japan also has the second largest navy in Asia; China's is larger. There are some signs of Japan building up, including the not exactly constitutional Hyuga class "destroyers" which are in reality small (currently VTOL-only) aircraft carriers capable of carrying up to 11 aircraft. Larger ships capable of carrying more aircraft and 4,000 troops are supposed to start construction in 2011. They sound more like an amphibious assault ship half the size of a Tarawa class ship of the US Navy than a destroyer.
Japan isn't self-sufficient in the food area either. I hear they get most of their food, especially rice, from China. I've heard some estimates that if the food they get from China were to disappear and weren't replaced, they'd be facing starvations in about a month (though I don't have a citation on that, so that may be wildly inaccurate). Not to mention that Japan is militarily defenseless against China, and even if China didn't feel like getting their hands dirty, they could always tell North Korea to start acting up at Japan. In other words, Japan doesn't really have a strong foothold to be poking China like this. I guess they have a lot of faith that China will agree to a diplomatic solution.
More likely though, the bureaucratic head of the Japanese coast guard was pissed off at another part of the bureaucracy and wanted them to lose face. Or maybe he just decided that the last decade-long recession to hit Japan was pretty nice, so he should do his best to make sure the current one lasts that long too by sabotaging manufacturing dependent on those rare earth exports.
Japan grows about 10% more rice than it consumes. Read http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice#Production_and_export.
"I zero-index my hamsters" - Willtor (147206)
They're called "rare" for a reason."
You would think so but despite the name they are not rare.
And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
...
China is one of the oldest civilizations on Earth, and at one time had perhaps the most powerful. And yet, after their golden age, they withered and spent the rest of history being what we would call a Third World Country.
Only now are they finally ready for world power status again.
Contrast them against Japan, who only a little more than a century ago, was a dirt poor, backwards country that had to be literally forced at the barrel of a gun to open their doors to the world.
Not quite. China was as advanced an wealthy a country as any in the world up to about 1800 (and far more advanced than most) - that is until the start of the Industrial Revolution. China did not "wither" until well into the 1800s when direct competition with - an invasion by - the industrializing west destroyed its economy and governmental effectiveness.
Similarly Japan was a wealthy pre-industrial society, and successfully adapted to forced trade with the West (unlike China), shifting to become a successful industrial nation in one generation. Never were they "dirt poor".
Starships were meant to fly, Hands up and touch the sky - Nicky Minaj
For the Chinese the magic words are not "SS and Auschwitz" but "Unit 371 and Harbin". However, today the Chinese are being the aggressors - but only in an economic sense and it's not like they are the first to use the economic leverage they have. What is interesting is that fact that they're using those levers very early on in their ascendancy - which is making everyone else very nervous.
Yes. China has recently claimed a large part of the South China Sea right up to the Exclusive Economic Zones of many of its neighbours (Taiwan, Japan, Vietnam, Philipines). Such claims are contra to the established territories and make those countries very nervous. The fishing boat was considered to be in Japanese territory (at least according to international rulings on the area). The Chinese may feel they have had a bad deal hstorically when the rulings were made, but unilaterally claiming territory currently internationally belonging to others doesn't make you many friends (eg. witness Russia annexing Abkhazia, which made sense to them but was massively counter-productive in the global scheme of things).
I'm afraid the analogy you gave is wrong. The territory is "claimed by China" but "internationally recognized as belong to Japan". This is not the same situation you attempted to outline (seizing citizens on their sovereign territory is not the same as seizing someone else's citizens that are on your sovereign territory). That is why the Japanese had the legal power to do what they did. "Claiming" something is meaningless and doesn't make it yours until all the countries in the world agree with you.
Ohhhh, they minded their own business for thousands of years before WWII? Really?
You might want to inform the Koreans that they weren't really invaded by Japan in 1592 and part of their country wasn't under Japanese control for years subsequently.
As of now, the Chinese government is denying that there is an embargo over Rare Earth exports.
http://english.cri.cn/6826/2010/09/24/1821s596078.htm
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTKB00705420100924
There might still be some element of truth to it, but all the reports are getting confusing.
Don't quote me on this.