Astronomers Find Planets Around Weird Binary Star

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Astronomers Find Planets Around Weird Binary Star

Posted by kdawson on Friday October 22, 2010 @07:43AM from the eclipsing-actinic-pinprick dept.

The Bad Astronomer writes "Exoplanets orbiting binary stars have been discovered before, but NN Serpentis is a weird system even in that category. One star is a red dwarf in an incredibly tight orbit around a white dwarf. The white dwarf used to be a star like the Sun but became a red giant as it died, engulfing the red dwarf. Now the two orbit each other almost as closely as the Moon orbits the Earth. Explaining how the two newly detected exoplanets survived such an event is very difficult, and astronomers think they may have actually formed from the material expelled by the star as it died."

69 comments

The view must be nice by JoshuaZ · 2010-10-22 07:51 · Score: 3, Insightful

The view from that planet must be nice. Unfortunately, given the orbit and the fact that the other star is a red giant, the planet isn't likely to be very habitable. But it isn't that far away, only about 1500 light years. I still find it really amazing that we're actually living in a time where we can map the planets in other star systems. And that we're able to do so from the comfort of Earth orbit is nothing short of amazing. And of course, all of this means that we are getting better estimates for the Drake equation as well. Everything used to be a complete unknown. But now the major room for variation are the biological variables not the astronomical ones.
1. Re:The view must be nice by lostmongoose · 2010-10-22 08:19 · Score: 1
  
  they're both dwarf stars.
2. Re:The view must be nice by JoshuaZ · 2010-10-22 08:21 · Score: 1
  
  Oops, you are correct. For some reason I thought the red one was a red giant not a red dwarf.
3. Re:The view must be nice by Anonymous Coward · 2010-10-22 08:32 · Score: 0
  
  Mapping = Hmm, this spot of light has an interesting oscillation, if we guess that there is a piece of rock in orbit around it it would explain the oscillation.
  There aren't many images of extrasolar planets that are more than a pixel wide and both of them are quite uninteresting.
4. Re:The view must be nice by Kilrah_il · 2010-10-22 08:34 · Score: 3, Insightful
  
  And of course, all of this means that we are getting better estimates for the Drake equation as well. Everything used to be a complete unknown. But now the major room for variation are the biological variables not the astronomical ones.
  OTOH, since the biological variables are such unknowns, the equation is still largely useless for any real-life calculation. I mean, Fi (the fraction that develop intelligent life) can range anywhere from almost 0 to almost 100% and L (the length of time such a civilization releases a signal to space) could be very long, but could also be extremely short, since we now see that on Earth most signals are not lost to space because the signals are focused to satellites and back to Earth.The time that we release signals to space was actually quite short and is almost over.
  
  --
  Whenever in an argument, remember this.
5. Re:The view must be nice by Fulcrum+of+Evil · 2010-10-22 08:36 · Score: 4, Informative
  
  It's not an analytical tool, it's there to allow you to reflect on reasons why there could be intelligent life that we haven't seen.
  
  --
  "We returned the General to El Salvador, or maybe Guatemala, it's difficult to tell from 10,000 feet"
6. Re:The view must be nice by Sulphur · 2010-10-22 08:52 · Score: 4, Funny
  
  they're both dwarf stars.
  Vertically challenged celebrities.
7. Re:The view must be nice by suomynonAyletamitlU · 2010-10-22 08:54 · Score: 4, Interesting
  
  Completely disregarding how it's (presumably) not possible in this case, etc, it makes me wonder--if intelligent life developed with stars like that, what sort of mythologies would they have to explain their suns' eternal duel?
  I mean, hell, we romanticize dawn and dusk, and the moon, and fear the nighttime and eclipses, and we're paranoid about the tiny pinpricks of light that are the stars, thinking they hold great sway over us. They probably wouldn't know that if those two stars actually collided, their lives would all be over--or if they guessed, they wouldn't know why or how--but would they be given personas? What sort of stories would they make up? What would they think the two eclipses symbolized?
  I guess as a writer and daydreamer it's just a fascinating idea to toy with.
8. Re:The view must be nice by Kilrah_il · 2010-10-22 08:59 · Score: 1
  
  For reflection purposes you don't need an equation. I can just tell you that there are many, many stars and planets, but the chance that a planet will have life on it is low. Given the large distances involved the chance to contact said life forms is low. See? All clear. We have an equation to try and quantify the variables - Is the number of stars is larger than the chance to develop intelligent life is small? Since we don't have any useful estimates, the equation is just a fancy way to write down what can be summarized in a sentence or two. As geeks we like equations but here it's just razzle-dazzle,
  
  --
  Whenever in an argument, remember this.
9. Re:The view must be nice by linear+a · 2010-10-22 09:28 · Score: 2, Insightful
  
  I think that any civilization on that planet would logically deduce that life and intelligence can only exist in solar systems with closely-orbiting binaries.
10. Re:The view must be nice by Xtifr · 2010-10-22 10:12 · Score: 1
  
  I can just tell you that there are many, many stars and planets
  Hypothetical, at least in the case of planets, although every bit of new evidence that comes in does seem to support the hypothesis.
  
  but the chance that a planet will have life on it is low.
  Even more hypothetical, and much less supported by the evidence. In fact, we have at least one other place in this system alone where the existence of life is considered reasonably plausible (Europa), and several more (Mars before the freeze, Venus before the meltdown, several other outer system moons) where it's considered plausible that life may have once existed, and a couple where it's totally up in the air (the gas giants themselves).
  And, of course, you left out all the stuff about the development of intelligence, and the life-span of technical civilizations; details which are far too important to omit.
  You're right that the Drake Equation could probably be summarized in a couple of sentences--if those sentences were long enough to mention all the factors described in the equation and how they relate to each other. But then, what you've got is some very long sentences that can be more efficiently summed up with the use of a simple equation, and... we're back where we started! :)
11. Re:The view must be nice by dominious · 2010-10-22 10:49 · Score: 1
  
  at 10 on earth you are constantly travelling with 1021.7837 mph (1644.4 km/h). For an alien living on a much slower planet this could be insane! Also, the speed of our solar system within the galaxy is about 220 km/s. Point is, life could be anywhere. It adapts.
12. Re:The view must be nice by Kilrah_il · 2010-10-22 10:59 · Score: 1
  
  First of all I'll just say that I was giving general examples and that is why I left out most of the components of the equation and didn't refer to each one in particular.
  Second, I have to say that you also strengthened my point: All the information we have about the probability of life in other planets is hypothetical. Putting it into an equation doesn't make that information more concrete.
  And no, the equation doesn't make things more efficient. Every time Drake's equation comes up people write the equation and then write the definition of each part and only then we get to the actual discussion of what is the value of each part.
  Drake could just as easily written a theorem where a couple of sentences could have conveyed all the factors that go into finding life in other planets and it would be shorter than equation + definition of terms.
  But, hey, an equation is cool!
  
  --
  Whenever in an argument, remember this.
13. Re:The view must be nice by Nialin · 2010-10-22 21:50 · Score: 1
  
  'Nightfall' was a great book.
Reference-O-matic by countSudoku() · 2010-10-22 07:53 · Score: 1

I got a Tatooine reference, a report that the Red Dwarf is quite fine it was only nanobots that disassembled it, a ham on rye, hold teh mayo, and quit calling me Shirley.

--
This is the NSA, we're gonna geet U h@x0r5! Also, what is a h@x0r5?
1. Re:Reference-O-matic by Ukab+the+Great · 2010-10-22 08:50 · Score: 2, Funny
  
  Given that Red Dwarf is a TV show, and given that a red dwarf is a member of this weird binary system...would you like a piece of toast?
2. Re:Reference-O-matic by JDeane · 2010-10-22 08:57 · Score: 1
  
  Rimmer is that you?
3. Re:Reference-O-matic by Merls+the+Sneaky · 2010-10-22 13:28 · Score: 1
  
  It can't be Rimmer he always posts as anonymous coward.
Cue The Carbon-Based Life by Anonymous Coward · 2010-10-22 07:54 · Score: 1, Interesting

statements. Have the extraterrestial biologists ever considered the possibility that "life" forms may not be based on carbon but some weird alternative
such as silicon, metal, EMF, etc.?
Yours In Novosibirsk,
K. Trout.
1. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by JoshuaZ · 2010-10-22 08:02 · Score: 5, Insightful
  
  Yes, those ideas have been considered. The idea of having life based on other elements was proposed by chemists and biologists in the first place. Silicon is the only one of the ideas that is that plausible simply because it acts chemically similar to carbon. However, it doesn't have nearly as much flexibility in the sort of compounds it can form which makes it unlikely. Most metals don't have anything resembling the necessary chemistry (in general you want something that is on the staircase between metals and non-metals. Otherwise you can't get a large variety of chemistry). EMF is just stupid and seems to be the sort of thing that comes out simply from people thinking of "energy based lifeforms" in Star Trek and other scifi. This idea makes so little sense that it isn't clear where to start explaining what is wrong with it. There might be weird exotic forms of life that we haven't considered but there's not much we can do about it until we have a lot more ideas what is out there, so that doesn't amount to anything scientifically useful. But by all means, continue convincing yourself that your comments somehow buck some scientific establishment that hasn't thought about any of these issues.
2. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by veganboyjosh · 2010-10-22 08:30 · Score: 3, Interesting
  
  I recently came across this video:
  
  http://www.wimp.com/antcolony/
  
  it's about 10 minutes long, and pretty fascinating. They poured 10 tons of concrete into an ant colony, let the concrete die, and then excavated around it. The resulting concrete form is pretty amazing. It's pretty spooky how efficient and awesome it is. I would imagine that if we saw something that looked like this little mini-city on another planet, that we'd assume that it was designed and built by some pretty intelligent lifeforms with some higher level of intellect. Why don't we think of ants this way? What kinds of alien life are all around us that we don't even know?
3. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by osu-neko · 2010-10-22 08:45 · Score: 2, Funny
  
  Why don't we think of ants this way?
  It would make it hard to justify not sharing your picnic...
  
  --
  "Convictions are more dangerous enemies of truth than lies."
4. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by Gilmoure · 2010-10-22 09:09 · Score: 2, Informative
  
  Can always check for life on neutron stars.
  
  --
  I drank what? -- Socrates
5. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by element-o.p. · 2010-10-22 09:24 · Score: 4, Insightful
  
  I'm certain they have. However, considering that life forms based upon "weird alternatives" might be sufficiently exotic that we wouldn't even recognize them as life at first, it seems to make sense to *start* by looking for combinations that we already know work and for which we have established minimum requirements.
  
  Requisite /. car (keys) analogy: Think of it this way...when you lose your car keys, do start by looking in likely places you may have left them, or do you start by looking in weird, alternative locations? Likewise, if we have established that life is most likely to occur in conjunction with liquid water, it makes the most sense to took for extra-terrestrial life in areas where liquid water exists.
  
  --
  MCSE? No, sir...I don't do Windows. Yes, I am an idealist. What's your point?
6. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by cynyr · 2010-10-22 09:34 · Score: 2, Informative
  
  ahh "ants! Natures secret power" Youtube has a 6 minute version rather than the 2 minute version the parent linked. It's also much better quality.
  As for why we think of ants this way is that while they are "highly ordered" they have none of the things we regard as "intelligence" markers; memory, sense of time, art, etc.
  
  --
  All of the above was encrypted with a Quad ROT-13 method. Unauthorized decryption is in violation of the DMCA.
7. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by rubycodez · 2010-10-22 09:45 · Score: 1
  
  nope, that's just more carbon chauvinism talk, because silicon is so similar to carbon. Actually sulfur, arsenic and phosphorus (with nitrogen) can also form long complex chains and rings and can have protein analogs.
8. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by Anonymous Coward · 2010-10-22 10:49 · Score: 0
  
  No, complexity is the hallmark of Nature. You want to see a sign of technology, look for a perfectly staright line...
9. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by Anonymous Coward · 2010-10-22 12:52 · Score: 0
  
  Bless you, ants. Blants.
10. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by Steneub · 2010-10-22 12:53 · Score: 1, Informative
  
  Searching for that yields a 6 part documentary that is absolutely fascinating! A worthy presentation to be sure.
11. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by Patch86 · 2010-10-23 00:39 · Score: 2, Insightful
  
  I think from an "extraterrestrial life" point of view, there wouldn't be a lot of difference between finding something like ants and finding something like us.
  I've always felt the "will it develop intelligence" thing is overstated. Most scientists expect that if we find life on Mars or wherever, it will be in the form of some simple single-celled bacteria-like creature, perhaps simple multi-celled plant slime at best. If we discover large, complex eukaryotic life, with limbs, internal organs, hunting, mating, building nests- that's massive.
  The leap from bacteria to ant is so unbelievably colossal as to be mind boggling, even in the context of life here on Earth. The leap from nests made of mud to nests made of brick, or tools made of twig scraps to tools powered by batteries, seems almost a trivial baby-step by comparison.
12. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by TheTurtlesMoves · 2010-10-23 01:24 · Score: 1
  
  Not with any kind of long term stability. And you need some kind of solvent that works pretty university. This cuts the number of usefully compounds down drastically --to the point where you don't have anything left.
  
  There is a reason even our man made synthetic materials are based on carbon.
  
  Then there is a another thing to consider. If you have phosphorus etc around, you have *more* carbon around. Carbon is produced in quite large amounts in stellar processes and is quite common in the galaxy.
  
  Real scientists do in fact work on this stuff.
  
  --
  The Grey Goo disaster happened 3 billion years ago. This rock is covered in self replicating machines!
13. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by rubycodez · 2010-10-23 05:22 · Score: 1
  
  yes, can have long term stability in right environment, the biochemists who posited the possibilities actually put some thought into their suggestions.
  no, don't need "solvent that acts universally", that's just supposition. our own earth life may have started in clay, a proper supporting matrix (might even be gaseous) doesn't have to be a universal anything.
14. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by veganboyjosh · 2010-10-23 06:16 · Score: 1
  
  I hadn't ever thought about it like that. Kind of puts it into perspective. Thanks!
15. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by Grishnakh · 2010-10-23 06:52 · Score: 1
  
  Yes, but since there's zero evidence of life based on things other than carbon, and there's tons of carbon-based life here on Earth, and carbon is such a versatile element for creating compounds, the ET biologists are focusing on lifeforms we would recognize as life.
  When we start seeing Horta creatures, then we'll start thinking more about silicon-based lifeforms.
16. Re:Cue The Carbon-Based Life by TheTurtlesMoves · 2010-10-23 19:56 · Score: 1
  
  no, don't need "solvent that acts universally"
  If you want things to happen you do. Without mobility you don't get any interesting chemistry without geological timescales. Its needs to be somewhat "universal" so that you can have more than one/few compounds/"proteins" with mobility.
  
  There is a some literature on this. And you also left out the part where, if you have these other elements, you also have carbon.
  
  Oh and clay is only clay when there is a lot of water in it.... guess what makes things "soluble" in a clay matrix, and permit transport.
  
  --
  The Grey Goo disaster happened 3 billion years ago. This rock is covered in self replicating machines!
Tatooine? by lintmint · 2010-10-22 07:55 · Score: 1

A binary system with planets? That gives me A New Hope for my sci-fi fantasies.
1. Re:Tatooine? by skine · 2010-10-22 08:53 · Score: 1
  
  Yes, but until we find better means of interstellar travel, it's really quite a Trek to get out there.
2. Re:Tatooine? by rubycodez · 2010-10-22 09:46 · Score: 1
  
  and then we'd have to be careful not to get Lost In Space
Lose mass by following this 1 weird tip by RobertB-DC · 2010-10-22 08:01 · Score: 1, Offtopic

I guess I've seen too many of those stupid banner ads for whatever scam it is that always uses some variation of the same thing. You know:
$UNREALISTIC_RESULT by $OBEYING_VERB this $NUMBER_1 $WHIMSICAL_ADJECTIVE $INSTRUCTION_SYNONYM
And then I keep reading, and sure enough, it has something to do with losing mass. F@(%!#% Internet, get out of my damned head!

--
Stressed? Me? Of course not. Stress is what a rubber band feels before it breaks, silly.
(base stars) by JustFisher · 2010-10-22 08:08 · Score: 1

Is there any planets orbiting hexadecimal stars?
1. Re:(base stars) by geekoid · 2010-10-22 08:23 · Score: 1
  
  Yes. It's called BEEFFEED
  
  --
  The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
2. Re:(base stars) by osu-neko · 2010-10-22 08:47 · Score: 1
  
  You are 1BADD00D.
  
  --
  "Convictions are more dangerous enemies of truth than lies."
3. Re:(base stars) by rubycodez · 2010-10-22 09:50 · Score: 1
  
  get your snoo-snoo at the planet B00B1E5
Re:bizarre choice of words. by Anonymous Coward · 2010-10-22 08:17 · Score: 0

I would have said "Helliconian"
who defines death? by Chapter80 · 2010-10-22 08:27 · Score: 1

The white dwarf used to be a star like the Sun but became a red giant as it died
Perhaps that's when it just began living! Who's to say that this is when death begins. Maybe this is when life begins.
Or if it truly died, then it's existence proves that there is life after death. Hmm....
1. Re:who defines death? by Lanteran · 2010-10-22 11:33 · Score: 1
  
  no, a white dwarf is the burning cinder of a star. It is, for all intents and purposes, death.
  
  --
  "People don't want to learn linux" hasn't been a valid excuse since '03.
Re:bizarre choice of words. by osu-neko · 2010-10-22 08:42 · Score: 3, Funny

Most of our users are computer generated. I was replaced by a small shell script years ago...

--
"Convictions are more dangerous enemies of truth than lies."
Re:bizarre choice of words. by mcgrew · 2010-10-22 08:43 · Score: 1

It was called kuro5hin back then... ;)

--
Free Martian Whores!
Re:bizarre choice of words. by JDeane · 2010-10-22 08:52 · Score: 1

That would explain all those posts about Viagra and Canadian Pharmacies... damn hackers!!!
Re:bizarre choice of words. by Talderas · 2010-10-22 08:58 · Score: 1

Bizarre behavior like this can only be explained by the installation of Windows on the planets.

--
"Lack of speed can be overcome. In the worst case by patience." --Znork
Re:bizarre choice of words. by Gilmoure · 2010-10-22 09:02 · Score: 0, Offtopic

More like stale cheese and hot dryer lint. The late '90's all kinda' smelled like that.

--
I drank what? -- Socrates
Re:bizarre choice of words. by cynyr · 2010-10-22 09:09 · Score: 1

ahh I'm too young to be a shell script, I was replaced by a python program.

--
All of the above was encrypted with a Quad ROT-13 method. Unauthorized decryption is in violation of the DMCA.
Freespace! by Anonymous Coward · 2010-10-22 09:25 · Score: 0

Obviously, this article is just a sneaky press release for freespace 3!!!
In an Infinite Universe Everything Is Possible by gpronger · 2010-10-22 09:44 · Score: 3, Insightful

What strikes me is that as we gain a better understanding space, the more bizarre we discover it to be. In this case, we have proposed theories on how what we are now seeing may have come into existence, but the author is clear that we are only choosing which is less implausible. With the same consideration, I've wondered if we will recognize life if we found it.
Solaris would have been better name by Anonymous Coward · 2010-10-22 10:27 · Score: 0

There is a book and movie about a conscious planet that controls it's orbit round a binary star system.
About that red dwarf being engulfed etc by shoor · 2010-10-22 11:00 · Score: 1

I am neither astronomer, astrophysicist, nor celestial mechanic. But, when the white dwarf was in it's red giant phase, engulfing the red dwarf, it seems to me the red dwarf would have just been vacuuming up whatever red giant material was near it as it sailed along on its path. Would that have caused friction that would make it spiral in closer? Also, if part of the mass of the other star in its red giant phase was beyond the orbit of the red dwarf, then it would have had less gravitational pull on the red dwarf wouldn't it? Which would tend to make the red dwarf move away from its companion. Assuming though that I'm wrong about all this, (probably a safe assumption since the author of the article is much more knowledgeable than me) and that the red giant phase of the one star did cause the red dwarf to gradually move closer, it seems like it was kind of a close call for the red dwarf. If the red giant phase had lasted just a little longer, the red dwarf might have fallen into the giant. The heat of the giant and its super nova would have raised the temperature of the red dwarf too. Wouldn't that have made the red dwarf burn its own fuel faster, at least for awhile, and maybe disturb its convection currents.

--
In theory, theory and practice are the same; in practice they're different. (Yogi Berra & A. Einstein)
1. Re:About that red dwarf being engulfed etc by Maritz · 2010-10-23 10:07 · Score: 1
  
  A star like this that leaves behind a white dwarf is not one that underwent a supernova. I think most of what you're saying is quite reasonable. The red dwarf would still be attracted to the red giant's centre of mass, but if it was completely engulfed in the red giant you'd expect it to migrate closer to the red giant's core very quickly. The accreted material would probably be predominantly helium I think, which would add to the red dwarf's mass but possibly not make it hotter/more luminous (I don't know without checking, but I don't think red dwarfs are hot enough in their core to fuse elements heavier than hydrogen). With regard to the possibility of life in a system like this, I think it's interesting to think about planets that form around non-main sequence stars (for example, the first extra-solar planets confirmed were around a neutron star). If they were in close enough to a white dwarf they might be in good shape, as I believe white dwarfs stay hot for a very long time indeed (even though there are no nuclear reactions occurring in them) - possibly longer than the length of time a solar-mass star would be on the main sequence (depending on how massive the remnant core is).
  
  --
  I do not want your cheap brainburning drugs. They are useless for work. And I am a working man today.