Keeping Google's Consumer OS Options Straight
According to Engadget, among others, Google is expected to show off the state of the Chrome OS on Tuesday of this week, and perhaps even to show off a netbook running the cloud-centric system. Since many of the things that Chrome OS does are also within the scope of Google's other consumer OS, Android, Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols has written a guide to the differences, as he sees them, between Android and Chrome OS.
Single signon to google apps in thirty seconds from cold boot.
Put identity in the browser.
Isn't Windows XP licensed for netbooks at around $40? I doubt you will see much of a price decrease.
There could be other factors like reduced need for local storage, (maybe) running better on a lower spec. processor and with less memory.
Rather more than that. Android is largely Dalvik VM with some native access to the underlying stock-but-pretty-spartan-linux. ChromeOS offers sandboxed web pages as a sort of "VM" with as yet unknown levels of native access via NaCl, and likely support for certain other applications(PDF reader, Flash, etc.) running natively on what is likely to be the underlying stock-but-pretty-spartan-linux.
Substantially more architectural difference.