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Black Holes May Mature Early In Galaxy Evolution

masterwit writes "From Scientific American: 'An accidental find in a star-forming dwarf galaxy shows that black holes may mature early in galaxy evolution.' Also, 'if giant black holes in star-forming dwarf galaxies prove to be common — that is, if Henize 2-10 is not an outlier but a representative of a larger population — they may have much to tell about the formation of primordial black holes and galaxies in the early universe.'"

18 of 63 comments (clear)

  1. Common Knowledge by Seumas · · Score: 5, Funny

    I think any red-blooded male can confirm that this is obvious common knowledge. They keep maturing earlier and earlier. Hell, have you seen them lately? You think they're all 18 or even 22 millennia until that awkward moment when you make your move and find out they're really only 15 millenia. I say it's the chemicals they're subjected to in the modern cosmos.

    1. Re:Common Knowledge by Fluffeh · · Score: 2, Funny

      I always caught myself wondering if I was looking at the edge of a primordial black hole or whether it had already gobbled up a few galaxies worth of matter...

      Wait, what are we talking about?

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  2. what do you mean "if?" by wizardforce · · Score: 5, Interesting

    if giant black holes in star-forming dwarf galaxies prove to be common

    The first time astronomers found a supermassive blackhole at the center of a galaxy they decided to check the results against a typical quiet galaxy and found the same thing. The observations continued and it became clear pretty quickly that blackholes in galaxies were common. So common in fact, that I am unaware of a galaxy that didn't have one. The mass of the supermassive blackhole strongly correlates with the mass of the galaxy. A typical galaxy is about 200 times the mass of its supermassive blackhole which suggests a link between supermassive blackhole formation and the creation of galaxies. Whether they act as seeds for a galaxy to form in the first place or are the inevitable result isn't yet clear.

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    1. Re:what do you mean "if?" by cosm · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Exactly, its a chicken and egg problem, and this finding just provides further evidence that the order of Star/Galaxy/Black Hole creation is still up in the air, seeing as they are finding younger/smaller galaxies with black holes, which pushes the lower boundary for black hole formation even further. It is still a chicken and egg problem, though (from what I gather).

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    2. Re:what do you mean "if?" by Rich0 · · Score: 2

      Also - there could be a common cause for both galaxy and black hole - one need not cause the other.

      Perhaps for some reason dark matter is not evenly distributed in space, and that causes normal matter to coalesce in some regions. At the very center of the coalescence this is sufficient to form a black hole, and everywhere else a galaxy forms. So, then both the black hole and the galaxy are just the effects of a prior cause.

      Some of the string theory scenarios suggest that gravity could traverse between universes, and then dark matter is just the presence of normal matter in some other universe near to this region of our universe. So, galaxies might form in our universe near to where galaxies formed in other universes - of course that does raise its own chicken/egg question.

      I was thinking that the bullet cluster example of non-interacting dark matter could be the result of there being four galaxies involved in the collision. Two in our universe, each of which is paired with one galaxy in two different universes. The galaxies in our universe would interact strongly, but the two in different universes would not, since they are not in the same universe as each other. That still raises lots of questions, like why would a galaxy in universe A cause formation of a galaxy in universe B, but not one in universe C, when universe B interacts with both A and C, or why didn't the formation in B cause a later formation in C? Issues like this probably cause problems with the multi-universe models.

  3. Re:I have heard about black holes and their threat by masterwit · · Score: 3, Interesting

    This likely will not affect us in any immediate fashion outside our continued pursuit of knowledge of the universe... but on another note:

    Barbie dress up games

    Looks like you need to clean up your computer and online browsing settings! (Unless you meant to post that link following your comment)

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  4. thanks for the heads up by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    Something to keep in mind next time the Intergalactic Real Estate agent tweets about "PRISTINE oceanfront property in young galaxy, fun neighborhood!"

  5. dark matter gets murkier? by tkprit · · Score: 2

    big black holes = gravitational mass? = maybe account for missing mass we thought of as 'dark matter'? Just curious... this is awesome [if it's not outlier of course].

    1. Re:dark matter gets murkier? by amRadioHed · · Score: 4, Informative

      Black holes are not nearly enough to account for the missing mass from dark matter. Remember dark matter isn't a missing small percentage of what we can see, it makes up 4 times more matter then what can be observed.

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    2. Re:dark matter gets murkier? by Vekseid · · Score: 2

      The black hole at the center of our galaxy is four million solar masses. In comparison, the dark matter halo of our galaxy is on the order of a trillion solar masses.

    3. Re:dark matter gets murkier? by Rich0 · · Score: 2

      Yes, and every one of those 2E11 galaxies has 1E6 too little mass even allowing for a big black hole in each one.

      Based on other posts here the black hole in a galaxy is about 0.5% of its mass. The discrepancy with dark matter is something like 200% or some crazy figure like that.

      Maybe if there are thousands of supermassive black holes floating around in the halos of every galaxy that haven't been discovered yet this would explain the paradox, but there is no evidence for this, and I'd think that something like a supermassive black hole floating around in clear space near our galaxy would be detectable due to lensing. The only reason they remained obscure for so long is that the nearest one is in a difficult area to observe, and the rest are so far away you can't easily resolve individual stars in their vicinity. A huge black hole in the halo would not be obscured, and it wouldn't be all that far away either (relatively speaking). But, perhaps they do exist. The bottom line, however, is that the central black holes discovered so far don't resolve the dark matter problem.

  6. Re:So are galaxies just black hole accretion disks by syousef · · Score: 5, Funny

    No. Galaxies aren't just black hole accretion disks.

    The influence of the black hole is strong only at the very center tiny fraction of a percent (by either volume or mass) of the galaxy. So much so that we only found them a few decades ago.

    You may as well ask if the solar system were just your own personal accretion disk.

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  7. Re:black holes don't exist by cosm · · Score: 4, Interesting

    You're either trolling or deluded. There is plenty of observational evidence for black holes. See the center of our galaxy. While it is true that relativity and QCD/QED have not been reconciled, and the Standard Model is incomplete at best, they are the best models we have to date.

    Science is about forming a testable hypothesis, testing it, and looking at the data. If your hypothesis was wrong, admit it and move on to the next thing. Infinite densities are only forbidden in the sense that they don't fit nicely in the models framework, but that doesn't necessarily mean that the model should be shelved. What you are suggesting is throwing away the experimentalists evidence for black holes because it doesn't fit perfectly with our contrived explanations. You're doing it wrong.

    Since relativity and bending of light due to space-time curvature has been experimentally confirmed, meaning light's path can be 'changed' in the sense that we view it (it turns out that the light never really 'curves', but instead it follows a straight line in a curved space, but its all relative, right?), what would you call an area of mass so dense in which light could not escape?

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  8. Re:black holes don't exist by MightyMartian · · Score: 4, Interesting

    And I recommend you actually deal with what the majority of cosmologists and physicists actually talk about. I know you probably think yourself quite hip by accepting a contrary view, and doubtless contrary views are important, but being contrary just so you can feel yourself superior is the sign of stupidity.

    We have a theory that predicts what we ought to detect from a black hole. We have multiple cosmological sources that match that description. Alternative explanations have other serious issues, so, the weight of the evidence is towards the existence of black hole. Beyond that, Einsteinian physics, being classical in nature, will naturally have a number of singularities, which is why we seek to unite classical physics with quantum mechanics, and not simply declare that at every point that classical physics fails that that amounts to "that's impossible!"

    This idea of yours that physics is proscriptive, as opposed to descriptive, suggests to me that you are pretty much a scientific illiterate.

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  9. [OT] Spam factories by achurch · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Barbie dress up games

    Looks like you need to clean up your computer and online browsing settings! (Unless you meant to post that link following your comment)

    That was probably one of the manual-labor spam factories that seem to be sprouting like weeds recently -- they pay people to register on a forum, read the forum, and post comments (with spam links, of course) that make just enough sense to attract real readers' attention.

    On the one hand, I guess it means that spam-detecting tech has advanced far enough that it's no longer very profitable to send out machine-generated spam. On the other hand, this makes it harder for us humans to tell the difference. (But then again, xkcd has a point too.)

  10. Re:black holes don't exist by gtall · · Score: 4, Interesting

    "Infinite densities are only forbidden in the sense that they don't fit nicely in the models framework, but that doesn't necessarily mean that the model should be shelved."

    More to the point, one shouldn't mistake the mathematics for the physics. Just because a mathematical model indicates infinite density does in no way imply it need exist physically. For that to happen, the mathematics would have to completely describe the physical situation. It might, but we cannot ever know that. All we can do is claim consistency up to a certain epsilon of measurement.

  11. Re:black holes don't exist by delt0r · · Score: 2

    you don't need infinite densities for black holes. In fact as the mass goes up, the density goes down. A Finite density object with a radius smaller than the event horizon radius is a black hole and is indistinguishable from a more dense object since the event horizon radius will be the same if the mass is the same.

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  12. Re:black holes don't exist by Rich0 · · Score: 2

    Agreed. There is no known mechanism for supporting a mass of finite density that is so high from collapsing into a singularity, but that doesn't mean that such a mechanism doesn't exist. Clearly the central areas of a black hole fall into masses and volumes that are not adequately explained by our current theories - we probably need quantum gravity for this. For all we know space/mass/etc are quantized and a black hole just turns into some kind of crystal with as much packed into the smallest volume physically possible, just as electrons in an atom settle into well-described wavefunctions/etc.

    All we know about black holes is that our laws of physics break down beyond the event horizon, and that we are unable to make observations beyond this region as well. Chances are that any explanation of what happens inside will come from studying other things as a result. The whole holographic distribution of information business suggests that even watching a black hole fully decay over time won't really reveal any information about what happened inside - the interior of a black hole might as well be another universe entirely. Indeed, if you define the universe as the set of all things that can be observed, then the event horizon marks of the border of a new universe by definition.