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A Lego Replica of the Antikythera Mechanism

vbraga writes "The Antikythera Mechanism is the oldest known scientific computer, built in Greece at around 100 BCE. Lost for 2000 years, it was recovered from a shipwreck in 1901. But not until a century later was its purpose understood: an astronomical clock that determines the positions of celestial bodies with extraordinary precision. In 2010, a fully-functional replica out of Lego (YouTube video) was built."

74 comments

  1. I must have this!! by erroneus · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I need a parts list and build instructions. Anyone know if they did this? All we got was a Youtube video...

    1. Re:I must have this!! by Fallen+Kell · · Score: 1

      That was the first thing I thought as well.... Want to build one myself!

      --
      We were all warned a long time ago that MS products sucked, remember the Magic 8 Ball said, "Outlook not so good"
    2. Re:I must have this!! by zonker · · Score: 0

      Sorry, the Spartans DRMd the design. You'll have to file a formal request for those plans.

    3. Re:I must have this!! by JaZz0r · · Score: 5, Informative

      Andrew Carol is the designer. His website has more information - http://acarol.woz.org/antikythera_mechanism.html If the site is down, try the Google cache

      --
      "Careful! We don't want to learn from this!" -Calvin & Hobbes
    4. Re:I must have this!! by TheMidget · · Score: 5, Informative
      .... which also shows that it is not a replica of the Antikhera mechanism. It achieves the same purpose (predicting eclipses), but using a different mechanism, because they needed to work with gear ratios achievable with available Lego pieces, and thus needed to add differentials, whereas the Greeks had no such needs (making their own gears, so being able to directly use whatever ratio was needed). Moreover, display differences (4-wind spirals versus 5) introduced more differences in the multiplicative constants, and thus the mechanism:

      Because it would be difficult to fit the information for 223 lunar months in a single rotation of a dial, the original machine used a 5 wind spiral to encode the information. This made more space available for the markings required for the eclipse information.

      My version of the machine uses a 4 wind spiral. This provides the same benefit as a 5 wind spiral but matches the Full Moon Cycle which may permit future enhancements to accuracy.

      This change results in the formula:

      Saros4 = Y * 4 * 235 / (223 * 19)

      I decided to not use the Corinthian calendar and instead use the standard Gregorian civil calendar in a four wind spiral representing the four year leap year cycle.

      Noting that 235 is 5 * 47 and 254 is 2 * 127, the important constants for the construction are:

      4, 5, 19, 47, 127, and 223.

      The readily available high quality LEGO gear ratios are combinations of 1, 3, and 5. With some challenge 4 is available. With these combinations we can get to gear ratios which are multiplicative combinations of these values. The easy ratios we can get to include: 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 15, 20, 25, 27, etc.

      Ratios of 19, 47, 127, and 223 are impossible to achieve with simple gear ratios because they are prime numbers. We have to look beyond simple gears to differentials.

    5. Re:I must have this!! by AmberBlackCat · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It would be nice if I walked into a toy store and saw a Lego set with this on the front of the box instead of a Star Wars ship.

    6. Re:I must have this!! by Tablizer · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It would be nice if I walked into a toy store and saw a Lego set with this on the front of the box instead of a Star Wars ship.

      It doesn't have to be mutually-exclusive: A Millenium Falcon can be made to predict eclipses. Of course you need a Wookiee to bang on it when it jams.

    7. Re:I must have this!! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Contact Apple, it was an engineer at Apple.

  2. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  3. See "The Making of" too by wiredlogic · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Not to be missed is the time lapse video of the process of creating the video which was as fascinating as the model itself.

    --
    I am becoming gerund, destroyer of verbs.
    1. Re:See "The Making of" too by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      awesome plumber's crack at 1:10, by the way

  4. Next step... by fezick · · Score: 0

    Now I just need to hack this into my aurdino and my wrt54g.

  5. As opposed to by Aerynvala · · Score: 1

    non-scientific computers? So is there an even earlier computer that was in some way un-scientific?

    --
    http://transformativeworks.org/
    1. Re:As opposed to by Tumbleweed · · Score: 1

      non-scientific computers? So is there an even earlier computer that was in some way un-scientific?

      Sure. The one in the human head.

    2. Re:As opposed to by noidentity · · Score: 1

      The computers they built to play Farmville were probably unscientific.

    3. Re:As opposed to by AHuxley · · Score: 3, Interesting

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Gold_Hat ~ bronze age pda (personal duration assistant?) meets lunisolar calendar meets bling sun cult headdress?

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    4. Re:As opposed to by Aerynvala · · Score: 1

      that's quite neat!

      --
      http://transformativeworks.org/
  6. 2 Months old by gstrickler · · Score: 0

    The article was published over 2 months ago and it was well publicized then. Why is it showing up on /. now?

    --
    make imaginary.friends COUNT=100 VISIBLE=false
    1. Re:2 Months old by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The pony lost a shoe

    2. Re:2 Months old by noidentity · · Score: 1

      This is the second run in case you missed it the first time two months ago.

    3. Re:2 Months old by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The article was published over 2 months ago and it was well publicized then. Why is it showing up on /. now?

      I asked the same - how is this new? Because /. is becoming "just another ordinary blog". I've read it for years. Now I don't even think I want to register to make a post here.

    4. Re:2 Months old by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      timothy just read about it on digg.

    5. Re:2 Months old by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The article was published over 2 months ago and it was well publicized then. Why is it showing up on /. now?

      Whatever. This stuff is most interesting and inspiring. Apart from this thread the comments are interesting and/or funny. Thats what I look for in /..

      I, Anonymous Coward, prefer that over knowing which CEO farted in whatever fishtank or sandbox half an hour ago.

    6. Re:2 Months old by gstrickler · · Score: 1

      To the idiot who moderated this offtopic, try again. The comment is exactly on topic.

      --
      make imaginary.friends COUNT=100 VISIBLE=false
  7. my scientific observation by Tumbleweed · · Score: 4, Interesting

    "A device is not truly understood until its function can be duplicated by Legos."
    - Tumbleweed's Observation

    1. Re:my scientific observation by jcr · · Score: 2, Funny

      I think I understand how an oxy-acetylene torch works, but I don't think I could duplicate its function with legos...

      -jcr

      --
      The only title of honor that a tyrant can grant is "Enemy of the State."
    2. Re:my scientific observation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Challenge accepted!

    3. Re:my scientific observation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      I think I understand how an oxy-acetylene torch works, but I don't think I could duplicate its function with legos...

      Well, you can duplicate its function with bacon. That also counts.

    4. Re:my scientific observation by jbeaupre · · Score: 1

      There is a pneumatic set. I don't recommend it, but you could build an oxy-acetylene torch using the pressure vessel, tubes, connectors, and valves.

      --
      The world is made by those who show up for the job.
    5. Re:my scientific observation by Xyrus · · Score: 1

      "A device that cannot be replicated by legos is not worth understanding."

      --
      ~X~
    6. Re:my scientific observation by Tumbleweed · · Score: 1

      "A device that cannot be replicated by legos is not worth understanding."

      Excellent. And now I think we can get a nice research grant.

  8. Re:So... by neokushan · · Score: 4, Funny

    No, you idiot, that's obviously not how it works. If you find a bug in this, you cause the entire celestial system to collapse in on itself, killing us all!

    --
    +1 IDisagreeSoHeMustBeATrollOrAnAstroturferOrAShill
  9. More Information by breser · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Built by Andrew Carol who is an engineer for Apple.
    He had a website about his building complex lego machines at: http://acarol.woz.org/
    And specifically information about this one at: http://acarol.woz.org/antikythera_mechanism.html

    Unfortunately, the site seems to be down but Google still has a good cache:
    http://google.com/search?q=cache:acarol.woz.org/antikythera_mechanism.html
    http://google.com/search?q=cache:acarol.woz.org/acarol.woz.org

    1. Re:More Information by intellitech · · Score: 1

      Unfortunately, the site seems to be down but Google still has a good cache

      Ahh, yes. The slashdot front page effect. Funny how that works.

      --
      vos nescitis quicquam, nec cogitatis quia expedit nobis ut unus moriatur homo pro populo et non tota gens pereat.
    2. Re:More Information by madmayr · · Score: 2

      Ahh, yes. The slashdot front page effect. Funny how that works.

      maybe we should build a slashdot-effect-machine out of LEGO

    3. Re:More Information by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      Built by Andrew Carol who is an engineer for Apple.

      Steve Jobs is going to purchase Lego Inc. and shorten the name to Ego.

    4. Re:More Information by AngryDill · · Score: 1

      No, he'll probably replace the "L" with an "i"... giving the world the iEgo.

      -a.d.-

      --


      I'm Erwin Schrodinger and I approve of this message, and I do not approve of this message!
  10. Obvious next step by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    1,000,000 points go to the first person to replicate it in Minecraft.

    1. Re:Obvious next step by Coren22 · · Score: 1

      Are there gears in Minecraft now?

      --
      APK likes to ask for responses to the same things over and over. Maybe he just likes the responses?
  11. Old News by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That particular video is from last year and it was actually made about 6 years ago.

  12. 2012 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Funny

    Maybe the original device was built by ancient aliens. Does the lego model tell us anything interesting about 2012?

    1. Re:2012 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The ancient Maya solution its nice also (i just founded here reading previous news of this artifact) no aliens required ;-p

      http://hardware.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=208132&cid=16971732

      Its amazing how ancient civilizations, had the creativity to develop custom numerical systems, that aproximated complex natural systems, with an accuracy that was surpassed only in the last centuries by our occidental culture

      For example the predictive maya table of Solar and Lunar Eclipses (http://tzolkinhaab.googlepages.com/Tabla_Eclipses _Mayas.pdf) that its totally integrated with his numerical astronomical time system...

      Even more wonderfull, its the simplicity how were defined the time units from the visible planets trought (in equivalent modern concepts) sampling from a (clock signal) basic serie derived of the combination of two counting numeric systems (base 13 and base 20)

      From the pdf, it looks like the theory i first saw in a book called "Los libros del tiempo" (buyed in the Monte Albán, Oaxaca bookstore) wich proposes that the mesoamerican calendar was based in numerical relations, derived from the observation of the visible planets and through the analisis of their astronomic periods

      The mayas to designate a day used 20 names, counted with a numeric system base 13 (from 1 to 13), grouped in 5 days "weeks", and 20 days "months", to form 260 unique combinations like designations for days (number:name) in a repetitive calendar we call "tzolkin" divided in 65 days "seasons" (of course i am making a simil, werent called like that) Examples of the names are: Imix, Ik, Akbal, Kan, Chicchan, Cimi, Manik, Lamat, Muluc, Oc, Chuen, Eb, Ben, Ix, Men, Cib, Caban, Etznab, Cauac, Ahau. An example of a tzolkin date could be "1 Imix"

      The list of names had intercalated orientation (orient, nort, ponient, sout) so every "week" (5 days) started and ended with the same orientation... and every of the 260 designations of days informs elapsed days and orientation. They also divided the calendar in periods of 52 days (unique combinations of 13 numbers with 4 orientations)

      This system its then based on the relation of two sets: the base 13 numbers and the 20 names. The consecutive asociation was done trought simple counting, making pairs... there were not needed any operations with positional notation.

      All this counts (asociations) are cyclic... repetitive, but not identical because every repetition starts at a diferent point in the cycle. I think of them, like time units (for example [day:orientation] to name a "week") The name of the repetition its given by is starting day (for example "week" 1-nort) The relation of two sets with a difference in cardinality of 1 its very common in the maya "time units" (for example 5 days:4 orientations) and its called "movement efect" because the maya didnt have a word for "time", to talk about the elapsing of time they used words related to movement

      The maya also used a calendar of 365 days we call haab (divided in 73 "weeks" of 5 days or 18 "months" of 20 days plus 1 week... of bad luck) The haab is an alternate form of the tzolkin that relates (trought consecutive asociation) the number of day (from 0 to 19) and name of the month. Examples of the names of the month are: Pop, Uo, Zip, Zotz, Tzec, Xul, Yaxkin, Mol, Chen, Yax, Zac, Ceb, Mac, Kankin, Muan... An example of a haab date could be "4 Ahau - 18 Pop". Therefore, the day 0 Pop was the maya new year, and the haab date (for example "1 Imix - 0 Pop") designed the name of the year. The tzolkin-haab dates gave the mayas 94,900 unique combinations (of 260 tzolkin dates with 365 days of haab months) to name his days.

      Here comes the really interesting part... To measure longer periods of time, the maya keeped lists of dates "sampled" from the tzolkin-haab succession of days at some fixed interval. Doing a mathematical analysis of the numeric properties of this calendaric system, was found that some astronomical intervals produced lists of "sampled" dates sorted (as

    2. Re:2012 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      have that book (the 2d edition, buyed in Chiapas 3 years hago) "The books of time - Astronomic relations of the mesoamerican calendars". After seeing your post i did a more detailed recount of the points you mentioned

      The Tzolkin its ciclic, after the last combination (260 = 13:Ahau) the count continues with the first one (1 = 1:Imix) In the Aztek calendar this ciclic nature is related to the circular movement, on it the circle of the days divide the 360 in 20 arcs of 18 giving potitional meaning to the names (its not the observer who rotates, but what its observed like consecutive names for a fixed point (or points) of view of a perimetral part of a
      rotational movement).

      The Tzolking was divided in 13 "uinal"s or groups of 20 days (one group by every repetition of the names of the days) Every uinal whas divided in 4 "qintana"s or groups of 5 days. Every day of the qintana was dedicated to one of the 4 cardinal points (orient, nort, ponient, sout) to honor the "Bacab"s (Canzienal, Zaczini, Hozanek, Hobnil). This way, every of the 20 names of the days also designated one cardinal point and one number of day in the qintana (for example Lamat/rabbit = 3rt day of the qintana, 8th name of the uinal, its dedicated to the sout) This part i am not quite sure to understand the qintana was named by her 5th day?

      The Tzolkin was also divided in 4 "pitaos" of 65 days each one, and every 65 days were divided in 5 "cocij" of 13 days; the periods of both where named by his first date (for the pitaos 1:Imix, 1:Cimi, 1:Chuen, 1:Ahau in other words orient, nort, ponient, sout all in the 1st day of the qintana)

      The Tzolkin was also divided in 5 groups of 52 days each one named by his first date (1:Imix, 1:Ben, 1:Chicchan, 1:Ollin, 1:Muluc in other words 1st, 2th, 3th, 4ht, 5th days of the qintana all to the orient), and every group of 52 days were divided in 4 groups of 13 days, each one dedicated to one of the 4 cardinal points. In some Zapotec calendar (from Lachixila) betwen each of the 4 groups of 13 days were anotated 3 "flags" (Yoolleo, Yooyebaa, Yoolleo -again-, Yoocabila -in the same position that the markers that are in the aztek calendar-) In this Zapotec calendars also were another 4 "flags" that group 52 days (like alternate start/end points of the 52 cicle) anotated in the 6th day of each consecutive group of 13 days (Birogtiyoleoceagcayebaa, Bererogtiyooyebacedaleo, Birogtiyooleoceacabila, Berojtiyoocabilacedaleo)

      If one writes down series of days (from the tzolking) every fixed number of days "ciclicly", would form a list of dates that would not be composed by the consecutive asociation of the elements of two ordered sets (like the tzolking) but by "sampling" from a generator list (the table of the 260 dates composed by asociation that form the Tzolkin)

      One would quickly notice that when used for "ciclic sampling" some periods of days would generate a list with the prefix number or the name of the day ordered in ascending or descending order. (more on this after talking of the Haab)

      The Haab its not another unrelated calendar, but a numerated (from 0 to 19) day of uinal, postfixed with a name (uinal names: Pop, Uo, Zip, Zotz, Tzec, Xul, Yaxkin, Mol, Chen, Yax, Zac, Ceh, Mac, Kankin, Muan, Pax, Kayab, Cumhu; plus 1 named qintana: Uayeb). 1 Haab = 365 days = 73 qintana (of 5 days) = 1 qintana + 18 uinal (of 20 days) Remember qintana and uinal were Tzolkin "units" in other words the days of the Haab were "computated" by the Tzolking

      An asociation of the Tzolking date with the Haab date could be called Tzolkin-Haab (for example 4 Ahau:18 Pop) this its done by composing the elements trought the consecutive asociation of the ordered elements of the two sets. This count will repeat itsef after 52 years (18,980 days or variations of the combination of the 260 Tzolking dates with the 365 Haab dates, that form all the 949 unique names of 20 days (uinal) in other words its a "weel of uinal")

      When something worth to remember happens, one could write down the date

  13. Antikythera Reconstruction ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

    This has as much to do with the Antikythera mechanism as a software simulation. The mechanism has no differential gears, which are used on this lego construct because its creator played with them during his experiments with Babbage's Difference Engine. The beauty of the Antikythera machine lies in its pin-and-slot mechanism for modelling epicyclic trajectories which are of course nowhere to be found in this "reconstruction".

    1. Re:Antikythera Reconstruction ? by TheMidget · · Score: 1

      This has as much to do with the Antikythera mechanism as a software simulation. The mechanism has no differential gears, which are used on this lego construct because its creator played with them during his experiments with Babbage's Difference Engine.

      Nope, the main reason for using differential gears is that with normal Lego gear pieces only certain ratios are achievable... which unfortunately do not include those needed by the Antikythera mechanism. So they had to obtain those by averaging two obtainable rations. And, in order to perform this "averaging" you need differential gears.

      So this is a mechanism achieving the same purpose as Antikythera, but implemented using a completely different way due to different constraints.

      See Building complex machines using lego pieces, and then scroll to "The Practical Considerations" (hey, never heard of an <a name=""> tag?)

  14. NOT a replica by Gravis+Zero · · Score: 2, Informative

    it's an implementation of the same math that that the Antikythera mechanism does but it's done in a completely different fashion.

    Woz explains the device on his own page as well as the math behind it: http://acarol.woz.org/antikythera_mechanism.html
    There is also an article about his LEGO device: http://www.fastcodesign.com/1662831/how-one-engineer-redesigned-an-ancient-greek-mechanical-computer-out-of-legos

    more information about the Antikythera mechanism can be found here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikythera_mechanism

    --
    Anons need not reply. Questions end with a question mark.
    1. Re:NOT a replica by thestuckmud · · Score: 1
      It implements some of the same math, but misses some features of the original. For example, I don't see the pin and slot drive used to approximate the varying angular velocity of the moon due to its elliptic orbit. Nor the spherical phase of the moon display on the front dial.

      More importantly, we can only speculate about features that have been lost to history. Estimates of the gear count range from 30 to 70. No one today known for sure.

      Still, it is an impressive bit of lego work!

    2. Re:NOT a replica by mikael · · Score: 1

      HP Labs managed to recover the instruction manual that was written on the side of the machine, so the archaeologists are more or
      less certain they know the purpose of each internal gear, as well as the dials and indicators.

      High resolution image

      Fascinating to know that someone was designing interactive user interface 2000 years ago...

      --
      Vintage computer adverts: http://www.vintageadbrowser.com/computers-and-software-ads
    3. Re:NOT a replica by thestuckmud · · Score: 1

      See the most recent Antikythera mechanism paper [Nature V468 P496, 25 Nov 2010] for proof that our knowledge of the mechanism is incomplete. For example: "Evans’s hypothesis forces a rethink of other parts of the mechanism, too. Previously, scholars assumed that the positions of the Sun, Moon and planets were all displayed around the same zodiac scale. But if the zodiac scale had been tweaked to accommodate the varying speed of the Sun, it would no longer be accurate for showing the positions of the other bodies."

      Note that the gearing for any planet display is missing from the fragments of the mechanism. Even if we had instructions about these presumed dials (which we do not), the actual gearing is still a matter of speculation, not certainty.

    4. Re:NOT a replica by loshwomp · · Score: 1

      HP Labs managed to recover the instruction manual that was written on the side of the machine

      I didn't see a translation anywhere, but I'm pretty sure it says "replace toner cartridge now".

  15. Ahh LEGO... by MrQuacker · · Score: 0

    ...is there anything you can't build?

    1. Re:Ahh LEGO... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You may have problems recreating things which runs...

      • hot
      • under high pressure
      • under low pressure
      • in radioactive conditions (like nuclear reactors)
      • with high wing load (no flying airplanes for You)

      Anything else may be done, I've seen a full working WC build out of Lego.

    2. Re:Ahh LEGO... by rossdee · · Score: 1

      I think high loads in general would be out. I don't think it would be possible for instance to have a full size model of the golden gate bridge and expect it to stay up.

      If you tried to make a solid sphere a light year across out of legos I think it would collapse into a black hole. (And the galaxies financial system would collapse trying to pay for it.)

    3. Re:Ahh LEGO... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A Sybian? No, wait. That's been done.

  16. As opposed to abacus by mangu · · Score: 2

    is there an even earlier computer that was in some way un-scientific?

    Certainly, the abacus is much older and was used for business, as opposed to scientific, calculations.

    1. Re:As opposed to abacus by Aerynvala · · Score: 1

      I didn't realize the abacus could be defined as a computer. A calculator, sure.

      --
      http://transformativeworks.org/
    2. Re:As opposed to abacus by hitmark · · Score: 1

      The distinction between the two is artificial at best.

      --
      comment first, facts later. http://chem.tufts.edu/AnswersInScience/RelativityofWrong.htm
    3. Re:As opposed to abacus by coolmadsi · · Score: 1

      The distinction between the two is artificial at best.

      Indeed. I think the term 'computer' originally meant "someone who computes" and there were rooms of people doing mathmatical calculations.

    4. Re:As opposed to abacus by hitmark · · Score: 1

      Yep, some of the ww2 code cracking was done that way. Office after office with ladies doing sheet after sheet of calculations by hand (or aided by mechanical calculators).

      --
      comment first, facts later. http://chem.tufts.edu/AnswersInScience/RelativityofWrong.htm
  17. That can't be. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I've always been told that Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage invented the first scientific computer, about 150 years ago?

    1. Re:That can't be. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If you define "computer" as programmable, Ada & Charles were first. The mechanism discussed here is not programmable, everything is hard-coded. The Analytical Mechanism is the first general-purpose computer, Antikythera is a single-purpose computer, more like a scientific calculator if you want an analogy.

  18. Anti-kythera? by Chemisor · · Score: 1

    So what's this "kythera" that they were so afraid of? Is it coming?

    1. Re:Anti-kythera? by Pyrus.mg · · Score: 1

      C'thulu's ex-wife.

    2. Re:Anti-kythera? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So what's this "kythera" that they were so afraid of? Is it coming?

      It's Cthulhu's mom.

  19. Really impressive by RNLockwood · · Score: 1

    It's really an accomplishment to have been able to piece out the internal structure of the badly corroded artifact and deduce its function and how it worked. It's also remarkable to have built one out of Legos. What a coincidence that the dimensions of the Lego parts were very close to the same dimensions of the parts in the artifact; if not the Lego machine would be a working model, not a replica.

    --
    Nate
  20. Re:So... by The+Grim+Reefer2 · · Score: 1

    If I find a bug in this, I can hack any computer ever released in History?

    No, it means you need to use these in your parents basement.

  21. Double the gears? by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    A quick blurb says it uses twice as many gears as the original, perhaps because they had to use off-the-shelf teeth counts. I'd like to see a reconstruction of the original, not a reconstruction of the function.

  22. Re:BCE? by jfengel · · Score: 1

    The term BCE has been used since the 19th century. It predates everybody here, and it also predates the term "politically correct".

  23. Re:BCE? by RightSaidFred99 · · Score: 1

    It's also laughably silly. I'm atheist, but seriously - giving a date based on some event a new name does not change the significance of the date. It's childishness.

  24. Re:BCE? by gnapster · · Score: 1

    And yet BCE, in turn, is predated by "BC," by at least a thousand years.

  25. Arthur C. Clarke said about the Antikythera by purplemecha · · Score: 1

    Arthur C. Clarke on the TV show "Mysterious World" said if the Antikythera Mechanism had not been lost, we might have populated all the stars visible to the naked eye. What he meant was that the lost of the Antikythera Mechanism set back computing by 2000 years. He reasoned that if it had not been lost, that we might have been 2000 years farther along in computing. It really does boggle my mind to think what could have been if this had become widely known and used, would we have really gone to the stars by this time.

    1. Re:Arthur C. Clarke said about the Antikythera by jarlsberg71 · · Score: 1

      Steampunk would have really rocked the industrial age a few hundred years earlier.

      --
      E8B8B