Slashdot Mirror


Wi-Fi Shown To Interfere With Aircraft Systems

lukehopewell1 writes "It's official: using Wi-Fi on a plane can interfere with a pilot's navigational equipment, according to airline equipment manufacturers Honeywell Avionics and Boeing today. Boeing confirmed to ZDNet Australia that the issue does exist, but said it has not delivered any planes suffering the fault. 'Blanking of the Phase 3 Display Units has been reported during airline EMI (electromagnetic interference) certification testing of wireless broadband systems on various Next-Generation 737 aeroplanes,' Boeing said."

43 of 300 comments (clear)

  1. FAIL by diskofish · · Score: 3, Informative

    The navigational equipment should be designed so it is tolerant of this sort of interference.

    1. Re:FAIL by the_raptor · · Score: 5, Informative

      Go learn about RF. At the frequencies used by Wi-Fi a resonant antenna is only a few CMs long, ie about the length of common circuit traces on the PCB's. Even if you completely shield the control units RF can still leak inside through cabling. There is no magic way to design electronics that are RF immune*, it requires real world testing to discover such faults, as happened here.

      The only way to make extremely RF tolerant electronics is to use analog vacuum tube based designs (the Russians continued using tube designs into the 90's).

      * Making bug free software is significantly easier.

      --

      ========
      CINC, 4th Penguin Legion
    2. Re:FAIL by LWATCDR · · Score: 2

      My guess is that you are not an EE.
      But you don't have to be to understand it in simple terms. navigation systems work in large part by picking up relatively weak RF signals. It isn't easy to do that when you have a bunch of RF transmitters sitting next to it.
      Kind of like trying to listen to someone wispier in a rave.

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
    3. Re:FAIL by The+Grim+Reefer2 · · Score: 2

      The navigational equipment should be designed so it is tolerant of this sort of interference.

      Perhaps it will be going forward. However the average age of an aircraft you fly in today is probably in the neighborhood of 11 to 12 years old. Which means the designs for these planes are even older. Since WiFi wasn't very common (if it was at the consumer level in some cases)when the current planes were designed, it's a little silly to state the current fleet should be designed to be tolerant of it.

      Maybe it will be possible to retrofit active designs in the future, but I'd guess the cost involved will be extremely prohibitive. I'd also guess even if they could retrofit all current aircraft, the testing that would be required before doing so would take years.

    4. Re:FAIL by imgod2u · · Score: 5, Informative

      Most electronic designers are competent enough to put a choke at their power line and a bandpass filter at their cabling. It's not "easy" but it's done in just about any military grade electronics. I guess Boeing engineers didn't think it was necessary.

    5. Re:FAIL by crakbone · · Score: 4, Informative

      Some of these planes and designs are well over 30 years old. I doubt they thought back then that people would each have three or four mobile transmitters let alone the idea of putting in a big transmitter inside the cabin to coordinate a bunch of little ones.

    6. Re:FAIL by Pingmaster · · Score: 2

      A resonant antenna can be found in PCB traces that are the right length, yes. These traces are usually shielded to the nines, so that stray signal does not get in. Transmission cable is also shielded to prevent extra noise coming in (there's enough of it at the antenna already). Non-shielded cabling (i.e. power) is usually protected from the sensitive stuff by means of an inductor (often called an RF choke) to block off as much of that extra noise as possible. On top of that, Antennas can be designed with a small narrow bandwidth amplifier to give the signal a boost as it enters the system, and also reduces the incoming signal bandwidth to that of the preamp, cutting out more noise. The way I see it, if they're getting enough interference from a standard strength wi-fi signal to bork the system, they have some major design flaws to work out.

    7. Re:FAIL by digitig · · Score: 3, Informative

      I guess you're not an EE either, then, because no communication system uses pure, unmodulated frequencies. And anyway, if that extremely high-powered signal is lower in frequency than the other one there's every chance it will contain harmonics that are not necessarily orthogonal to the other signal.

      --
      Quidnam Latine loqui modo coepi?
    8. Re:FAIL by msauve · · Score: 2

      "Orthogonal frequencies...do not interfere at all even when one is extremely high-powered"

      Frequencies aren't orthogonal (they're scalars), signals are. If you don't control both signals, you can't control orthogonality. One must also consider the dynamic range of the front end - if overloaded with a high powered signal, the frequency relationship doesn't matter. That calls for good bandpass and roofing filter design.

      --
      "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
    9. Re:FAIL by ptbarnett · · Score: 2

      My guess is you're not an EE either. Interference doesn't quite work like that; orthogonal frequencies, for instance, do not interfere at all even when one is extremely high-powered.

      And I'm guessing that you aren't an RF engineer.

      It is extremely difficult (and nearly impossible, at a reasonable cost) to design and build a transmitter that only radiates RF on the fundamental frequency. It invariably radiates on harmonic frequencies (integer multiples of the fundamental). FCC regulations limit the acceptable power level for harmonics, but if the transmitter's primary power output is high enough, the harmonics can still interfere with a nearby receiver -- depending on the local strength of the intended signal.

      In addition, there is the potential of "intermodulation", or mixing of two transmitted signals to produce a third signal that is a different frequency than either of the originals.

      [Disclaimer: I'm not an RF engineer, either. But, this was basic knowledge required for an amateur radio license in the US, at least back when I got mine]

    10. Re:FAIL by Andy+Dodd · · Score: 2

      Yeah, but this isn't a navigation system itself, it's a display unit. I agree that nav systems such as VOR/ILS, TACAN, etc. are very interference-susceptible, which is the reason for "all electronic devices off during takeoff/landing" - but that's not actually the case here.

      --
      retrorocket.o not found, launch anyway?
    11. Re:FAIL by rrossman2 · · Score: 2

      My friend works for a company that makes video distribution systems for airlines (such as Lufthansa). The amount of testing that goes into it is crazy. He's one of the guys who runs all the tests in a Faraday cage and what not. The connectors they have to use to meet FAA regulations and all that are crazy.. the plugs have 16 mini-philips head screws in them to keep the plug from ever working its way loose among other things. They also use Cat 6 and 7 cables for the distribution.. he said no fiber optic lines since the installers/mechanics tend to zip tie or otherwise fasten the stuff too tight and snap the cables.

      With all of those regulations and testing they do just for a freaking video distribution system, it makes you wonder how the more critical components were designed that a WiFi signal can screw them up..

    12. Re:FAIL by kangsterizer · · Score: 2

      The new slashdot meme:
      IANAEE.

    13. Re:FAIL by mangu · · Score: 5, Informative

      Most electronic designers are competent enough to put a choke at their power line and a bandpass filter at their cabling. It's not "easy" but it's done in just about any military grade electronics

      And to play a violin all you need to do is to draw the bow across the strings. There's a lot more to this than theory.

      A choke is inductive at a limited range of frequencies, at other frequencies it acts as a capacitor. Likewise, put a high enough frequency across a capacitor and its behavior becomes inductive. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is a very complex subject, there are no easy solutions and it's nearly impossible to have a perfect solution that works at all frequencies.

      The 2.4 GHz band used in WiFi is one of the most difficult to shield. All the small metallic parts used in electronic equipment, like screws and button levers, are in the same size magnitude as the wave, so there are plenty of conductive parts to retransmit and conduct the radio frequency.

      I guess Boeing engineers didn't think it was necessary.

      You guessed wrong.

    14. Re:FAIL by the_raptor · · Score: 2

      They are more tolerant because they run at high voltage. A few mV can easily cause an IC gate to flip but is drowned out in the noise in a tube.

      --

      ========
      CINC, 4th Penguin Legion
    15. Re:FAIL by Wyatt+Earp · · Score: 2

      737-NG has been in operational since 1998, so no they aren't over 30 years old.

      767-600 came out in 1995 and was first operational in 1998
      737-700 came out in 1993 with first operational aircraft in 1998
      737-800 came out in 1994 with first operational aircraft in 1998
      737-900 came out in 1997 and was first operational in 2001
      737-900ER came out in 2006 and was first operational in 2007

    16. Re:FAIL by Wyatt+Earp · · Score: 2

      Except for the fact that the US has spend hundreds of millions of dollars over decades testing EMP effects on American weapons and hardening those weapons.

      As do the Europeans, Chinese, Japanese and the Soviets used too

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:E-4_advanced_airborne_command_post_EMP_sim.jpg - EMP generator at Kirkland AFB

      And here is a company that does corporate EMP testing - http://www.dtbtest.com/EMP-Testing.aspx

      Do you really think the US military is incapable of flying bombers and fighters in a nuclear environment?

    17. Re:FAIL by advocate_one · · Score: 2

      oh I've seen it alright... When taking photographs so I could write the removal and installation instructions for the fiber-optic databus on the Eurofighter, I got mad when I saw the assemblers were standing on the fiber-optic harnesses while fitting other items into the avionics bays...

      Also, the coaxial cable used to transmit RF signals from the detector heads on the top of the fins on Tornado aircraft have to pass right down the spine tunnel and the slightest over tightening of the cable ties used to secure them or dent in the cable from impact with tools and other equipment during servicing damages the cable such that the signal is massivley attenuated... they all had to be replaced in prep for gulf war one... it was a nightmare...

      --
      Donald 'Duck' Dunn: We had a band powerful enough to turn goat piss into gasoline.
    18. Re:FAIL by Obfuscant · · Score: 2

      Wait... so basically he's saying that they can't use fiber because the techs building and repairing the aircraft are incompetent?

      No, basically he's saying that the technicians who build and repair systems are technicians and not fully-trained RF and electrical engineers.

      How is "x fastener should only be y tight" any different from "the bolt holding this important piece of engine together should be torqued to y ft-lb?"

      Because there are torque wrenches designed to be used to tighten bolts and nuts, that are calibrated by the maintenance crew. While some cable tie guns have adjustments, they are uncalibrated and subject to many factors that make them unreliable -- at least to aircraft standards. I've had cable ties "cut" while still loose just because the tie bound up; I've had them not cut without a huge pull force. Same gun, same kind of tie.

      Also because there are literally thousands of ties keeping cable bundles together in modern systems, and making them all subject to torque specifications would require a four week maintenance cycle as every tie was removed and reinstalled during regular preventative maintenance. Unless you can come up with a way to test the tightness of a cable tie you can't reach without disassembling the wing...

      Putting enough jacket on a fiber optic cable to keep it from breaking under any circumstance would increase the weight to the point that it becomes heavier than copper.

    19. Re:FAIL by sycodon · · Score: 2

      According to TFA this was caught during testing.

      The problem I see is all the equipment flying around that was built and certified BEFORE this testing was mandated. And it's much more than you think.

      --
      When Fascism comes to America, it will call itself Anti-Fascism, and tell you to give up your guns.
  2. West Wing by Sonny+Yatsen · · Score: 2

    The West Wing had a quote from Toby Ziegler that essentially sums up how I feel about this:

    Toby Ziegler: "We're flying in a Lockheed Eagle series L1011. It came off the line 20 months ago. It carries a Sim-5 Transponder tracking system. Are you telling me I can still flummox this thing with something I bought at Radio Shack?"

    --
    My postings are informational and does not constitute legal advice. Act on it at your risk.
    1. Re:West Wing by Richard_at_work · · Score: 2

      That phrase has always bugged me, since the L1011 ended production in 1984 and The West Wing didn't start airing until 15 years later ... come on, get the time lines correct! Other than that, brilliant series and very sad to see it go :(

  3. Seriously? by Drakkenmensch · · Score: 2

    So they're saying that terrorists could bring down planes just by texting each other furiously?

  4. "Blanking" by quacking+duck · · Score: 2

    I can't imagine a wireless signal interfering with a hardwired display this badly, so is this more an issue with wifi interfering with various sensors that feed the display, causing the system to momentarily "blank" the screen rather than present spurious and inaccurate data?

    (Yes I did RTFA)

    1. Re:"Blanking" by dunezone · · Score: 2

      So basically they didn't shield the components properly? Or they didn't take into account that Wifi is now offered as a service on planes so older designs were not updated?

      I like the photo in the article of the plane crash from LOST. Nothing bad has happened so far because of this but lets show a crashed plane anyway.

  5. Radar about to be "jammed" by Mr.+Maestro · · Score: 2

    "Raspberry. There's only one man who would dare give me the raspberry: Lone Star!"

  6. This is a non-story by gad_zuki! · · Score: 5, Informative

    Not only is it for one specific module, its only at elevated power levels, not typical power levels. Lets watch the corporate media fuck this up and turn into a scare tactic to show more ads to morons.

    Boeing, meanwhile, says: "Current testing by Boeing and Honeywell has determined that blanking may occur when a DU is subjected to testing procedures specified by the FAA requirements (AC-20-164) during installations of Wi-Fi systems on the airplane. Based on testing that has been conducted, Boeing and Honeywell have concluded that actual EMI levels experienced during normal operation of typical passenger Wi-Fi systems would not cause any blanking of the Phase 3 DU. This issue does not exist with the Phase 1 or 2 DU's."
    Honeywell says that, during recent ground testing "at elevated power levels", the company observed a momentary blanking on the 'flat panel' liquid crystal displays that it developed and pioneered for Boeing.
    "The screens reappeared well within Boeing's specified recovery time frame. The screens have not blanked in flight and are not a safety of flight issue. Honeywell is working to ensure the problem is addressed and fixed and that our technology will continue to exceed specifications," says Honeywell.

    http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/03/10/354179/wi-fi-interference-with-honeywell-avionics-prompts-boeing.html

    1. Re:This is a non-story by vawwyakr · · Score: 5, Insightful

      This is just another example of how (inexplicably to me at least) companies want to continue fear based rules that just don't make sense. It's like the whole "don't use your cell phone near the gas pump" BS that they tried to spread for a long time. Even when tests and common sense says there's no way a cell phone would cause a spark that would ignite gas fumes unless some catastrophic (and extremely rare) occurred.

  7. Re:Ancient technology ignored... by jiteo · · Score: 2

    Grounded? It's on a goddamn airplane.

  8. the problem: an airplane is a metal aluminum tube by circletimessquare · · Score: 2

    they need to build airplanes out of brick, or concrete

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
  9. Re:Ancient technology ignored... by gstoddart · · Score: 2

    Grounded? It's on a goddamn airplane.

    So? Why should reality get in the way of Slashdotters claiming to have a "simple" fix so they can run their wi-fi and text people wherever they want?

    Because, obviously, the input of random geeks on Slashdot is far more informed than the people who actually make these things and have to build them.

    --
    Lost at C:>. Found at C.
  10. Time to go back to IR and Visible light. by LWATCDR · · Score: 2

    Hey didn't we see something about a network that works in the optical spectrum not to long ago. Seems like a good idea on an airliner.

    --
    See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
  11. What sort of equipment is this? by vawwyakr · · Score: 5, Informative

    So the company just admitted that their (likely expensive) aviation equipment (displays?) are more error prone from EMI than say....my desktop pc...phone...digital watch? What sort of equipment are these people working with? Consumer electronics are bombarded by this sort of EMI constantly and I don't see any displays blanking in my office. In an airplane I would have assumed they would have to have MORE shielding because at altitude they have less shield from solar radiation which is well known for being harmful to electronics where my wifi adapter hasn't fried a single piece of electronics...yet. This still sounds like total BS to me.

    1. Re:What sort of equipment is this? by Andy+Dodd · · Score: 2

      Actually if you look through details, it sounds like an EMI hole below that which is specified by the relevant standard was within the 2.4 GHz band.

      This hole was nowhere near deep enough for a WiFi device to actually exceed the threshold, but the FAA is VERY conservative when it comes to civilian airliners - Any hole in that band = eliminate all transmitters in that band just to be sure.

      --
      retrorocket.o not found, launch anyway?
  12. Tempest in a teapot... by jedidiah · · Score: 3, Funny

    I dunno. This seems like something with a terribly simple fix...

            JUST DON'T USE WIFI.

    If you want networking in an aircraft, do it with wired Ethernet.

    Of course this screws over all of the most hyped devices but that's life sometimes.

    [Nelson] Ha Ha! [/Nelson]

    --
    A Pirate and a Puritan look the same on a balance sheet.
  13. Re:So if I leave wifi on? by Richard_at_work · · Score: 2

    Flying from Heathrow to Johannesburg on British Airways, the stewardess explicitly said Flight Mode was not acceptable("turn the device off even if the device has a flight mode"), the device had to be off. Flying back from Johannesburg to Amsterdam on KLM, the stewardess explicitly said Flight Mode was acceptable ("turn the device off or put it into flight mode"). The outbound flight was on a 747-400 and the flight back was on a 777-200.

  14. Not something to be proud of by Quiet_Desperation · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I can make a Tesla coil out of $50 of junk surplus parts and destroy a roomful of the highest end electronic equipment in the world. Hell, a simple spark gap in the right place can cause a world of hurt.

    RF energy doesn't give a fuck where you bought something.

    You cannot fully shield a device that is specifically designed to receive external signals. In aerospace there's guys who do nothing but electromagnetic compatibility engineering, and not all the threats are external. Sometimes the third side lobe of your strike radar reflects off a rib in the fuselage and the seventh harmonic frequency takes out your very sensitive radar altimeter during initial power up tests.

  15. Re:So if I leave wifi on? by maxwell+demon · · Score: 2

    Actually my experience (in Europe) is that during start/landing, all electronic gadgets are disallowed, even MP3 players. Once in the sky, only active transmitters are disallowed.

    --
    The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  16. Re:Just an FYI by Buggz · · Score: 3, Funny

    There are no English words that contain "ww".

    Aww. :(

  17. Re:End result by cowboy76Spain · · Score: 2

    Some years ago I was in a plane ready to take off when the cabin informed of "technical difficulties"

    They went searching in a particular area of the seats and found someone who had forgot to turn off his phone before leaving his coat in the luggage compartment(*). It was more educational than a ton of posters asking me to turn off my cell phone.

    So... well, let's say that I am that moron that will ask you politely to stop talking when the plane is going to start the take off, even if that means interfering with your freedom to do whatever you want to do, whenever and wherever. And I will keep doing, thank you very much.

    Then, from my part, we are not going to use phone in planes. Never. If we are not going to use the phones while in the plane, the only caveat to giving it to an steward would be finding a good method that assures me that I will recover my phone without problems neither much delays when I arrive at my destination.

    (*): Yes, you sometime did leave your phone on and nothing happened. I did forget to turn it off sometime, too. And probably if the phone of that guy had been in his pocket it would not have been detected. Or maybe it was somewhat defective. But I do not like to increase any chance of an accident for anything as trivial as what you could say in your phone.
    If you want a car analogy, you can blame the government for limiting your freedom of getting drunk at a party and getting back home driving your car. And most of the times, if you do, nothing bad will happen. But that does not mean that it is not a stupid risk.

    --
    Why can't /. have a rich-text editor? Editing your own HTML is so XXth century.
  18. Re:Just an FYI by tomhuxley · · Score: 2

    flawwed isn't a word in English but there ARE English words that have the "ww" combo, that combination was fairly rare and you often tend to see them separated into word phrases but glowworm, powwow, and arrowwood are real words in English.

    But there is one word which is quite common -- if you consider acronyms to be "real" words (and only Scrabble seems to think they aren't) -- then WWW is probably the most common.

  19. Re:Just an FYI by MozeeToby · · Score: 3, Insightful

    By that logic half the words in the average English speaker's vocabulary aren't "English words".