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Appeals Court Affirms Warrantless Computer Searches

suraj.sun writes with this excerpt from ComputerWorld: "Laptop computers and other digital devices carried into the US may be seized from travelers without a warrant and sent to a secondary site for forensic inspection, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled last week. The ruling is the second in less than a year that allows the US government to conduct warrantless, offsite searches of digital devices seized at the country's borders. A federal court in Michigan last May issued a similar ruling in a case challenging the constitutionality of the warrantless seizure of a computer at the Detroit Metropolitan Airport. Several other courts, including the Ninth Circuit itself, have ruled that warrantless, suspicion-less searches of laptops and other digital devices can take place at US border locations."

32 of 390 comments (clear)

  1. "Suspicion-less searches" comes in handy by ls671 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    "Suspicion-less searches" comes in handy

    "We had your laptop searched for no reason, we never suspected you of doing anything wrong..."

    This way, nobody could ever complain of discriminatory treatment based on race, nationality, religion, etc.

    --
    Everything I write is lies, read between the lines.
    1. Re:"Suspicion-less searches" comes in handy by lgw · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Detroit is in the Constitution-Free Zone, so this isn't much of a surprise. It's sad what we threw away in the War on Drugs, and will of course perpetuate in the Wars on Whatever's Handy.

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    2. Re:"Suspicion-less searches" comes in handy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

      It gives no information.

      This does:

      http://www.aclu.org/technology-and-liberty/fact-sheet-us-constitution-free-zone

      Basically, 99% of Californians are considered to be living "on the border", which is crazy.

    3. Re:"Suspicion-less searches" comes in handy by zeroshade · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Encrypted files should not be a red flag of anything.

    4. Re:"Suspicion-less searches" comes in handy by MartinSchou · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Am I the only one who wants the ACLU to publish a map of the revised US map, if you remove the parts that aren't covered by the US Constitution

    5. Re:"Suspicion-less searches" comes in handy by Spatial · · Score: 4, Insightful

      It's sad what we threw away in the War on Drugs

      Yeah, such as a snowball's chance in hell of solving any drug problems.

      Imprisoning a million people for non-violent offences and turning them into hardened criminals isn't exactly the greatest crime-fighting strategy ever devised. Especially when it costs 55,000 USD per person per year. But then why bother trying to improve recividism rates when, with privatised prisons, you have a financial incentive to keep as many people in prison as possible?

    6. Re:"Suspicion-less searches" comes in handy by gstoddart · · Score: 5, Informative

      If you read TFA, the guy was a REGISTERED SEX OFFENDER in California according to TSA records. That gave them reason to believe he may have had contraband files on his PC, especially after they found many files were encrypted (another red flag). This wasn't some joe-blow they picked at random.

      I believe TFA makes it pretty clear that "the border search doctrine allows such actions even without reasonable suspicion or cause".

      So, the ruling says that despite the fact that "this wasn't some joe-blow they picked at random", it could be ... and it would be equally valid.

      Don't try to kid yourself that only when they have some suspicion or information ... it upholds the notion of suspicion-less searches. Meaning, anyone, any time, for no reason and without justification.

      Look past the fact that this particular guy was a sex offender ... the ruling does. The scope of this is far broader than just that.

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    7. Re:"Suspicion-less searches" comes in handy by Spatial · · Score: 5, Insightful

      REGISTERED SEX OFFENDER

      What kind I wonder? The term has been diluted to meaninglessness by systematic abuse.

      - Guy who sent nude pictures to their girlfriend before they were 18?
      - Guy who called a coworker a stupid cunt?
      - Guy who downloaded bad drawings from the Internet?
      - Guy who downloaded bad pictures from the Internet?
      - Guy who flashed children?
      - Guy who raped children?

    8. Re:"Suspicion-less searches" comes in handy by Chris+Burke · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It's crazy on several levels.

      First, the actual border between the U.S. and international waters is several miles out. The place where water meets shore is not actually the border.

      Second, people living "on the coast" aren't literally on the coast, they are unambiguously on the U.S. side of the border, but "on" in that context means "adjacent to". So it's basically a pun on two different uses of the word "on".

      Third and most ridiculously, the definition of border they are using includes being 50 miles from the border!

      So even if we took the actual land/water line to be the border, and accepted the metaphorical usage of "on" in the phrase "I live on the coast in California".... If you were living 50 miles away from the coast, you wouldn't say "I live on the coast"! You'd say "I live an hour away from the coast."

      That's why it's crazy.

      --

      The enemies of Democracy are
    9. Re:"Suspicion-less searches" comes in handy by realityimpaired · · Score: 3

      If a police officer has probable cause to believe a crime is being committed, he doesn't need a warrant to intervene. The standard of evicence for probable cause is usually par with what would be needed to actually get a warrant, but does not actually require you go through the hoops to actually secure a warrant. It's usually used in cases where getting a warrant would mean enough time lapsing that the suspect could escape, but could easily be extended to the example in TFA.

      You or I probably have nothing to worry about from such a search. I'd be seriously miffed if they decided to take my laptop away for "search", but it wouldn't really cause me any concern at losing my data, as there isn't anything on my laptop that isn't replaceable, and I'm due for buying a new one anyway... when they find nothing incriminating on my laptop I could easily file suit and have them contribute to the cost of a new one. That said, I've crossed the US border from Canada dozens of times, and have never been asked to do more than turn my laptop on. Usually, not even that, they just wave the wand over it to sniff for bombs, x-ray it, and send me on my way. They have never wanted to snoop around my home directory, and even if they did I wouldn't have a problem with that... all of my private files and sensitive information is stored on a fileserver at home (that I can access via VPN if I really need to when I'm on the road), and all they'd find in my "Documents" directory are programs I've downloaded from the web (Firefox, GIMP), savegames from Dragon Age and Civilization, and I think there's probably a couple of lolcat pictures in there that I've been lazy about deleting.

      Your body language is a major deciding factor at border crossings, btw. If you're cagey or sketchey in answering the questions of the border guard, that's going to set off some major alarms. I'm usually a very tired person when I cross the border, because I usually take off-hours flights, either a red eye or an early morning departure, and that probably reflects with the border guards. Couple that with the fact that I'm female, have past military experience, and have current military and civilian clearances (all of which probably comes up when they scan my passport), and I'm probably put into a very low risk category for doing something nefarious on a plane. I still have problems with those damned backscatter xray machines though.

    10. Re:"Suspicion-less searches" comes in handy by Devoidoid · · Score: 3, Informative

      - Guy who took a leak by the side of the road?

    11. Re:"Suspicion-less searches" comes in handy by thoromyr · · Score: 3, Informative

      and don't forget the ever popular "Guy who peed outdoors"

  2. winning the war on tourism by Presto+Vivace · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I would not believe this if I were not seeing it.

    1. Re:winning the war on tourism by jvillain · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I live just a couple of miles north of the US border and refuse to cross the border due to how much personal information I have to surrender and the fact that non-Americans no longer have any legal protections against unreasonable any thing. So yes my tourist dollars are going any where but the US. But I hear your economy is doing fine you don't need to worry about trivial things like jobs.

    2. Re:winning the war on tourism by radtea · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Still, if it weren't for Jean Chretien more or less giving the finger to the U.S. after 9/11, Canadians at least would still be able to cross the border relatively hassle-free.

      JTF2 was in Afghanistan before anyone but the CIA. How exactly is that "giving the finger to the US"? Or do you just like using abstract, metaphorical claims to hide the absence of factual content behind your position?

      Chretien declined to get Canada involved in Iraq, showing more sense and guts than many other Western leaders. Given how close our ties are to the US it was a damned gutsy move, and most Canadians are deeply grateful for it.

      --
      Blasphemy is a human right. Blasphemophobia kills.
  3. Re:What is the purpose exactly? by ls671 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    You would be surprised how many non-slashdotters do not think of it. Do not assume that because it is obvious to you it is to everybody.

    --
    Everything I write is lies, read between the lines.
  4. Does this bother any other travellers? by Wrexs0ul · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I travel with a laptop for remote access to business stuff, even on holidays (emergencies only, of course). Because of travel to the USA I've specifically bought a EEE that could be confiscated without too much out of pocket expense, but it's a real pain to operate some things on the tiny 10" screen instead of my purpose-bought Dell.

    Does this seriously bother any other /.-ers? Having to double my personal hardware just to accommodate US travel is a pain in the ass for the overwhelming number of legitimate travelers, and there's nothing that couldn't get-into/leave the country via the internet anyway. Seems like there's no benefit at all to this nonsense.

    -Matt

    --
    --- Need web hosting?
    1. Re:Does this bother any other travellers? by Corporate+T00l · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I travel internationally frequently on business as do many of my friends and colleges. Of the over 50 total trips I'm aware of my circle of acquaintances taking, never once has anyone been stopped for a warrantless computer search. While there are certainly personal liberty concerns related to presumption of guilt/innocence or guilt by association, the practical reality is that unless you're a friend of Julian Assange, you're not likely to ever encounter this.

      And even this friend of Julian Assange was not forced to divulge his encryption key and had his laptop returned. (http://randomchaos.us/hacking/another-hacker%E2%80%99s-laptop-cell-phones-searched-at-border.html)

      So if you are concerned about the potential of these searches, encryption may be a more practical way to feel safer.

    2. Re:Does this bother any other travellers? by MarkGriz · · Score: 3, Informative

      "So if you are concerned about the potential of these searches, encryption may be a more practical way to feel safer."

      I'm sure an American Muslim traveling on business with his company's confidential data, encrypted to prevent corporate espionage, feels oh so safe and unlikely to be inconvenienced by a search.

      --
      Beauty is in the eye of the beerholder.
    3. Re:Does this bother any other travellers? by dev.null.matt · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Last time a flew (last week) I noticed the people being selected for "further screening" seemed to be primarily attractive women traveling alone. I'm sure that was a coincidence as well.

  5. Anecdote by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I work for a subsidiary of a large defence contractor and we've been told via an IT Security Policy announcement never to keep work data locally on our devices (laptops, phones etc.) when crossing any border. We are to connect to the VPN after we get there and download it if we need it. This is even the case if the whole point of going overseas is to demonstrate an a purely IP-based/digital product. This policy was announced at the start of the year, I wonder if it's related.

  6. Hasn't this kind of search always been legal? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    Someone can correct me if I'm wrong, but before we all start quoting 1984...hasn't this kind of search always been legal in the United States?

    "That searches made at the border, pursuant to the longstanding right of the sovereign to protect itself by stopping and examining persons and property crossing into this country, are reasonable simply by virtue of the fact that they occur at the border, should, by now, require no extended demonstration...Authorized by the First Congress (1789)"

    http://law.onecle.com/constitution/amendment-04/18-border-searches.html

  7. Re:What is the purpose exactly? by Joce640k · · Score: 3, Insightful

    ...at which point they'll pass a law making it a crime.

    --
    No sig today...
  8. Re:What is the purpose exactly? by Martin+Blank · · Score: 5, Interesting

    It's not always that easy. The Brazilian authorities enlisted the aid of the FBI in cracking the encryption on the hard drive of banker Daniel Dantas, who was suspected of money laundering and attempting to bribe law enforcement. Despite five months of work by Brazil and about twelve months by the FBI, they couldn't get into his drives protected by TrueCrypt using AES-256 and good, long passwords. He was eventually sentenced to ten years in prison, but only on the bribery charges. The money laundering case couldn't proceed without the data on the drives.

    --
    You can never go home again... but I guess you can shop there.
  9. Sex offenders: the new jews? by TiggertheMad · · Score: 5, Insightful

    If you read TFA, the guy was a REGISTERED SEX OFFENDER in California according to TSA records.

    WHOAH, how is that fact even relevant? Even convicted criminals have civil rights. Just because you find this guy personally repugnant doesn't mean that he isn't a person under the constitution.

    Replace 'sex offender' with the word 'jew' and try to repeat your statement without sounding like a Nazi. Go on, I dare you.

    --

    HA! I just wasted some of your bandwidth with a frivolous sig!
    1. Re:Sex offenders: the new jews? by RingDev · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Yeah, it's not like anyone would ever force Jewish people to be tatoo'd with an identification number or anything...

      -Rick

      --
      "Most people in the U.S. wouldn't know they live in a tyrannical state if it walked up and grabbed their junk." - MyFirs
  10. What we need is a Consitutional ammendment on this by elrous0 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Considering the way the government is behaving today and the way the courts are acting, I don't think anything short of a Constitutional amendment is going to protect our property against unreasonable searches and seizures. But something like that would probably never get the 2/3 majority it would need in Congress.

    --
    SJW: Someone who has run out of real oppression, and has to fake it.
  11. Re:Eh, so what.. This is what people want by Golddess · · Score: 4, Informative

    a) It's plausibly deniable due to how a Truecrypt volume masks itself

    I just wanted to point out that, while they cannot detect if a Truecrypt hidden partition exists on the system partition, they can tell that the system partition is encrypted with Truecrypt.

    http://www.truecrypt.org/docs/?s=plausible-deniability

    also note that, for system encryption, the first drive track contains the (unencrypted) TrueCrypt Boot Loader, which can be easily identified as such

    --
    "I'm not sure I like the fugnutish tone you used in your post!" -RogL (608926)-
  12. Well, kinda by Sycraft-fu · · Score: 4, Informative

    So border searches have always been legal. The Supreme Court has ruled before that you've no expectation of privacy at the border, and that nations have the right to secure their borders by searches. This has been pretty uncontroversial for a long time. However the thing is these searches were for security and for preventing smuggling and the like. So what they could do (and did) was check your bags, your car, etc for contraband and/or dangerous items. Then you were on your way.

    Well laptops are different and make two new problems:

    1) They are actually seizing them, with no evidence of anything wrong. In past searches they could look through your stuff for any reason or no reason at all, but if everything was fine, you went on your way. With laptops they claim the right to seize them, and hold them for an indefinite period. That is real different than a search. Imagine if at the border they took your bag and said "We are going to take this off to check. We won't tell you who gets to look at it or when you can have it back. We don't have any evidence there is anything wrong, but we are taking it anyhow."

    2) Computers are like journals, or other personal writings in many ways and those were not searched/copied at the border. So while they could go through your bag and look for drugs, they couldn't take your personal papers, copy them, and read through them. They weren't allowed to pry in to any and every detail of your life, just check for security reasons or smuggling reasons. You can see how a laptop, particularly one that has e-mail stored on it, would be very similar to personal papers.

    That's the issue here. Nobody is saying they can't have a look at the laptop to make sure it isn't a bomb, or hasn't had its innards removed and replaced with drugs. What they are saying is they shouldn't be able to take the laptop, hold on to it for an indefinite time, copy the data, hand it out to other federal agencies and not tell you who, and so on.

  13. That's not the good link! by way2trivial · · Score: 5, Informative

    This is the one to ram the point home!
    http://www.aclu.org/constitution-free-zone-map

    live in the orange? then this story applies to you!

    they can search whatever the hell they want if you live there.

    no warrant

    no recourse

    --
    every day http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random
  14. Re:What we need is a Consitutional ammendment on t by Lousifer · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I don't think anything short of a Constitutional amendment is going to protect our property against unreasonable searches and seizures

    Why would a new amendment make any more difference than the ones we already have?

  15. Re:What is the purpose exactly? by zill · · Score: 3, Informative

    Some dystopian states forces you to divulge the password. US doesn't have such draconian laws yet, but at the currently rate at which our civil liberties are getting eroded, I'd give it 10 more years. Or another Bush, whichever comes first.