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Beyond HDTV

The Hub writes "The Economist writes a thoughtful article about the next generation of HDTVs and how they will provide resolutions beyond 1080p. The drive for higher resolution is driven in part by the demands of 3D content. Also, some see streaming higher resolution content to the home as a way to make up for declining DVD sales. This would mean the studios would have to better embrace services such as Netflix or stream directly to the consumer. Mind you, picture quality is driven by more than the number of pixels."

35 of 354 comments (clear)

  1. Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by elrous0 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I would venture to guess that 80%-90% of the people buying HDTV's are doing it either because their old TV broke and it's the only thing available, or because they heard it was cool from a friend and wanted it for their Superbowl party. Either way, almost no one really understands it or even knows how to get the most out of all that resolution as it is NOW. We're talking people who buy 32" HDTV's and sit 10 feet away from them, thinking they're getting "high definition." We're talking people who hook up DVD (and even blu-ray) players to their HDTV's with composite cables. We're talking people who still have the same SD cable box they've had for years, thinking that the channels "really look better now in HD."

    Joe isn't even ready for 1080p. This whole "let's add even MORE resolution" thing is just industry hype. It's Sony and Samsung thinking that if they just keep adding new gimmicks that people will constantly trade up their TV's like they trade up their computers. Joe Sixpack already has a perfectly good HDTV that he isn't even using to its full potential as it is, but they want him to go out and buy a TV with a resolution that he would need a magnifying glass to even appreciate. Welcome to America!

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    1. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by PitaBred · · Score: 2

      Yeah. I have a 61" 1080p TV, and I'm not sure I could make out any higher resolution on it sitting at normal viewing distances. Higher resolution might be nice for theatres and archiving, but not for the general user. Hell, I rip all my Blu-Rays to hard drive so I can watch them more easily and if it's nothing that is special-effects heavy I encode it at 720p to save disk space. What good would higher resolution do?

    2. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by elrous0 · · Score: 2

      No, I mean that past a certain point nobody gives a fuck. What good is a 1,000 megapixel TV unless I'm projecting it onto the superdome?

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    3. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by White+Flame · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The whole 1080p thing has obliterated decent computer monitor resolutions. I don't give a rat's buttock about TVs and BluRays and home theater setups and all that crap, but the faster the mainstream media tech goes beyond 1080p, the faster I can have cheap high resolution computer monitors again.

      1080 is low resolution garbage when it comes to desktop displays.

    4. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by Jimbookis · · Score: 2

      Most people were happy enough with their old standard definition CRT. I think these sorts of changes take time, much like the CD player slowly supplanting records and tape and DVDs slowly replacing VCRs. Current full HD as broadcast on free to air is crappy a lot of the time due to the heavy compression used at times by the network. A good case is sports with lots of movement or camera flashes on the news breaking out into what resembles a Lego(TM) rendition of the scene.

      SD-TV as TV production and editing hardware has been upgraded from PAL/NTSC conversion to full and proper 16:9 digital versions, has started to look a lot better of late. Even on my 1024x768 Panasonic Plasma a lot of new SD Australian productions look terrific. Compare the new shows to imports like the US version of the Amazing Race or Survivor that until recently were still shot in blurry 4:3 format.

      What I do think was good planning on the part of producers ~20 years ago was to shoot shows like Seinfeld or Friends on film. Those shows re-mastered for 16:9 HD/SD have taken a whole new dimension with the improvement in picture quality. I just wish Frasier could be remastered in the same way, but I think they used video cameras.

      Anyway, the full potential of 1920x1080p as used in broadcast TV hasn't been reached and I doubt that it ever will be as TV stations try to cram as many channels as they can onto a 6/7/8MHz block of bandwidth. SDTV really is good enough for most people and the jump from a CRT to a cheap LCD or plasma will be plenty good enough for a long time.

    5. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by PitaBred · · Score: 4, Insightful

      A monitor has a different use case. I'm not watching movies on my monitor terribly often, but I may do video editing. I also have 3 monitors hooked up to my PC. But I only have one big TV for watching movies/TV/console games (media center PC for the video).

      My point is that 1080p is more than enough for most people. As the OP said, many people are running their HDTVs at sub-HD resolutions and don't even realize it. I have a pretty large screen and 1080 vertical lines is about the limit of usefulness on it. Most people won't have a TV that large, or a place to put it. So higher-resolution video wins 99% of people absolutely nothing. It'll get a few people with thousands of dollars to throw away bragging rights, and that's about it. We're just reaching the limit of returns for improvements in resolution as far as the physical realities of people's eyes and their lifestyles are concerned. Just like SACD is a lot better technically than a CD, but... there's just no compelling reason for it for the vast majority of consumers.

    6. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by Miamicanes · · Score: 2

      >It's all advertising.

      Sorry, but no. No. A thousand times, "No!"

      You can tell the difference between 480i and *anything* progressive on a 19" display across a smoky room the day after having laser eye surgery. It's the same difference you saw years ago when comparing any TV to any VGA monitor. It might have only been 640x480, but it had a pleasing "solid" appearance that was instantly visible compared to any TV.

      That said, the difference between 480p60 and higher-res isn't quite as dramatic. 720p60 is a nice step up, but it's not night-and-day. 1080i60 can be better if there's not a lot of motion (to cause weave artifacts), but most of the time it gets bobbed into something with 960-1440 real horizontal pixels and 540 vertical pixels anyway. True 1080p60 is a sight to behold, but so little non-CGI real honest-to-god 1080p60 content exists, most of the time you're just seeing 1080p24 with every other frame shown 3 times in a row instead of 2, or maybe 1080i60 that's been deinterlaced with studio-grade postproduction hardware.

      Also, "normal viewing distance" is so last-century. Real people with 60+ inch TVs sit almost close enough to touch the screen, because there's no *reason* to sit farther -- no screen door effect, no x-rays, and some nice perspective-filling immersion when you sit close to the screen.

    7. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by Philip+K+Dickhead · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Can someone invest as much into the quality of the content, as they are doing for the format?

      By "content", I am not just concerning myself with the visual appeal or other superficial characteristic. :-)

      --
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    8. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by PitaBred · · Score: 3, Informative

      Not at TV viewing distances: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimum_HDTV_viewing_distance#Human_visual_system_limitation

      Monitors and computer/text use are a different ball of wax. For the video use most people make of their TVs, 1080p is almost overkill as it stands. I don't watch TV with my face 50" from a 32" screen. As for my 61" screen, I need to sit 95" away to not miss any detail. That's 8'. You crank that up to 2K resolution and you need to sit 6.8' from a 61" screen to be able to perceive all the detail. And that's if you have perfect 20/20 vision. 4K resolution you're looking at sitting less than 4 feet from a 61" screen to be able to visually determine at a single pixel. That's just not reasonable. If it were a computer monitor, it would be.

      Again, I'm not saying there aren't uses for higher pixel densities. I'm just saying there aren't uses for them with a living-room television.

    9. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by PhotoJim · · Score: 2

      Analog is watchable/listenable way past the point when digital hits the cliff. It might be annoyingly noisy or staticky, but you will be able to watch and hear what is happening. Analog cellular was the same; it could get very noisy but you'd still understand the caller. Digital cellular tends to have silent dropouts and you lose whole parts of the conversation.

      Of course, analog consumes bandwidth the way a Hummer H1 drinks gasoline, so it's not all good.

    10. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by InsertCleverUsername · · Score: 2

      I don't much care at the moment either. I'd like them to finish working on video wallpaper first. Once I can have the entire interior of my house as one huge video wall, then those extra pixels will be important.

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    11. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by rsborg · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The whole 1080p thing has obliterated decent computer monitor resolutions. I don't give a rat's buttock about TVs and BluRays and home theater setups and all that crap, but the faster the mainstream media tech goes beyond 1080p, the faster I can have cheap high resolution computer monitors again.

      1080 is low resolution garbage when it comes to desktop displays.

      Worse than 1080p resolution limitations is the whole 16:9 craze in monitors.... what a useless ratio for work. I really would welcome back the 4:3, although I'm currently putting up with two 16:10 ratio monitors tilted 90degrees (using dual-monitor clamp and a displaylink device)

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    12. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by eharvill · · Score: 3, Informative

      A monitor has a different use case. I'm not watching movies on my monitor terribly often, but I may do video editing. I also have 3 monitors hooked up to my PC. But I only have one big TV for watching movies/TV/console games (media center PC for the video).

      Yes, monitors do have much different use cases, but they have been royally screwed over by the TV 1080P standard. I recently purchased a 2nd monitor and could not find a match for my 3 year old 24" 1920x1200 display. I had to settle for a 23" 1080P. Very irritating to say the least. I guess the one good side effect is that monitors are dirt cheap these days.

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    13. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by TheRaven64 · · Score: 2

      The data rate on the optic nerve is limited. The retina does some very heavy compression to get enough information to the visual cortex to fool you into thinking that you see at high resolution. You don't see anything directly where you're looking, that part of the image in your brain is filled in with data from the last time your eye moved. You only see at your retina's full detail just around this circle. If you're looking at a computer screen or a book, then you will have a clearer image in the centre and a blurry image surrounding it, because your eye is being held in a small area for longer and your brain is not able to fill in the surrounding detail as often. If you're watching a film, then your eye is going to be darting all over the frame to fill it all in, spending less time in any one region so your visual acuity drops. You are also likely to be seeing a lot of rapid motion. Low motion is largely discarded before transmission of the scene (there are some fun optical illusions that take advantage of this - a dirt track slowly fading into a field, and unless you're actively looking for it you you never see it appear, even though it's filling 30% of your field of view). If there are only small changes then the retina simply avoids transmitting the data to the brain, so you aren't really seeing anything of the picture, just what was there previously. If there is a lot of motion then it's transmitted, but it's heavily compressed (basically using an analogue form of the algorithm that MPEG approximates - only the changes are transmitted).

      In short, if you think 'the maximum resolution of the human eye' is constant then you need to learn a little bit more biology. The total bandwidth of the optic nerve is about 5% of the bandwidth required to transmit a complete picture from the retina to the brain. A huge amount of processing at both ends goes on to hack around this limitation. This fact is something that makes me laugh whenever I see intelligent design advocates hold up the eye as an example to prove their claims. An intelligent designer would have attached the retina to the brain directly and made the eye just move two lenses to focus an image onto it.

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    14. Re:Joe Sixpack isn't even using his 1080p right by TheRaven64 · · Score: 2

      You seem to be confused about the difference between analogue and digital. Modern displays are digital. They take an input, which is an NxM grid, and display it on a grid of rectangular pixels. Nyquist is completely irrelevant to this. The source material for a display is not something that has 'a resolution down to individual photons', it is the recording of a CCD, either placed in front of a scene, or placed in front of a photographic image of a scene.

      Now, I simplified my explanation slightly, because the exact scaling algorithm is irrelevant, but since you seem to require that level of detail:

      Most scaling algorithms take the pixels in the source as points on some kind of curve. The simplest - that used by very cheap TVs - doesn't, it simply sets each pixel to the value of the nearest neighbour. The next simplest generates a straight line from each adjacent pair of pixels. This is linear filtering, which is surprisingly common. More complex algorithms use bicubic filtering, where groups of pixels are fitted to cubic curves. These algorithms all do very badly on sharp colour changes, introducing blurring around the edges.

      As I said originally, irrespective of how the actual scaling algorithm works, you are always adding data without adding information. Unless you are going right back to the live source (which requires a time machine), you are limited to the information that was captured at the time of recording. This is analogue data that was then quantised and stored. You are then trying to quantise it again, but with a different sampling rate. If you want to think in terms of Nyquist, then think of sampling a waveform at one rate and then trying to recreate it with a fixed-rate generator of another rate.

      Oh, and if you want to be really pedantic, modern scaling systems actually do interpolation on a cube, not a plane. They interpolate based on the previous and next frame, as well as adjacent pixels, which helps fill in aliasing artefacts caused by motion.

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  2. 3D - and Resolution Maxed-Out? by bradgoodman · · Score: 2
    3D doesn't necessarily require "higher resolution - what it requires is more fields per second. i.e. the ability to send two separate screen images, whereas now only one is sent.

    The way 3D TV works now, is they cheat, and squeeze two pictures into one image. That needs to stop.

    Apple's "retina" display gets its name, because the pixel size is small enough, that when viewed from arms-distance, has a small enough angle that the human retna can't distinguish individual pixels. Going any smaller won't by you anything.

    At what point does does this happen with - let's say a 52 inch TV, in my living room with a 12' viewing distance?

  3. 3D demand by tooyoung · · Score: 2

    The drive for higher resolution is driven in part by the demands of 3D content.

    Too bad there isn't a huge demand from the users for this high resolution demanding 3D content.

    Also, some see streaming higher resolution content to the home as a way to make up for declining DVD sales.

    How does this make up for declining DVD sales? When I buy a DVD or BlueRay it costs between $10-$30. Am I going to be paying anywhere near this much for streaming high definition content? I have an Apple TV today where I can "rent" HD movies for somewhere along the lines of $4. I've done this twice, because renting regular resolution DVD's and low-quality streaming from Netflix is just fine with me. It would be nice if the quality was better, but I'm definitely not going to shell out much cash for it.

  4. Does anyone really like 3D? by sphealey · · Score: 2

    Does anyone really like 3D, particularly in the home environment? One or maybe two 3D movies per half-decade is OK, but I don't hear (or see in line at the theater) any great demand for 3D other than among Hollywood marketing execs.

    sPh

  5. Re:How Good is "Good Enough?" by iceperson · · Score: 3, Informative
  6. Re:Hold on there, Jack by wagnerrp · · Score: 2

    It's not, but they need new features to sell to get people to dump their existing 1080p sets.

  7. Re:25:9 by omnichad · · Score: 2

    And there will be people watching 4:3 content on a 25:9 screen, set to stretch it to the full width of the screen. Don't want to waste any pixels, you know.

  8. Oh please no by White+Flame · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Computer monitors have been following television resolutions & aspect ratios. We need height back in our displays for all the portrait document-oriented stuff that we spend the majority of our times with on computers (emails, webpages, word processing, heck even board-based casual games). I'm sick of seeing my interactive options through a narrow slit.

    1. Re:Oh please no by White+Flame · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Vertical resolution has been actively shrinking as wider screens have been produced. Basic laptop models have gone from 1280x800 (16:10) to 1366x768 (16:9). So they're not just getting wider, they're also getting shorter. Many browser games can't even fit in a 768p laptop display. On the desktop, 1920x1200 has been completely replaced by 1920x1080. You can't find 1200 displays anywhere in retail stores, and online you'll pay twice as much for a 1200 display vs a 1080 display.

      1200 is the minimum vertical working resolution as far as I'm concerned. I agree you can fit information well in a 960x1200 half of such a display, but at 1080 you are in the range of losing the ability to fit decent information without vertical scrolling, or zooming out uncomfortably far.

      If 25:9 goes anywhere in the next few years, and goes any higher vertical res than 1080, I'll eat my socks. Chances are, they'd shrink it vertically to fit, like 2500x900 pixels.

    2. Re:Oh please no by White+Flame · · Score: 2

      Huh? More pixels is always better. I'm not complaining about wide-screen, I'm complaining about short-screen: They shrink vertically in order to achieve the 16:9 aspect ratio instead of keeping the same vertical res and expanding horizontally.

      The 1920 part is okay, the 1080 part isn't. And it's far worse on (affordable) laptops.

    3. Re:Oh please no by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 2

      I'm sick of seeing my interactive options through a narrow slit.

      Rotate your display 90 degrees. No, seriously.

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  9. HD formats are a kind of DOS attack by TheGratefulNet · · Score: 4, Interesting

    hear me out..

    many of us have HTPC's. we store our media on hard disk.

    how much space does blue ray take, natively? a shitload, that's how much. many more times what a dvd takes in its native form; and many people take dvd and compress THAT further before storing on htpc.

    add in HD audio (which is beyond what consumer DACs and preamp stages can do; so this is clearly overkill for playback systems at home) and you end up with huge file sizes.

    I actually do think this was on purpose. and now that disks are getting bigger, still (of course they are) the entertainment cartels want to keep the storage requirements absurdly high to 'convince' us to use the native shinydisc stuff, which is chock full of DRM. and commercials. gotta LOVE that 'do not skip' stuff, too.

    I'm actually ok with upres'd dvd's on my TV. and I like how they don't chew up nearly as much space; plus the drm on dvd is trivial to break. drm on hd discs is a bit harder and much more hassle to deal with.

    think about it. making the files so large (and taking up more room than they really need to; lets be honest) is actually a DOS. denial of service; by taking so much room on your system, it denies you the ability to store a large library, in practical terms.

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  10. Can't deliver 1080p now. by Animats · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Few sources, even Blu-Ray, consistently deliver 1080p now. Get close enough to a display to see the pixels, and notice the compression blur that stabilizes once motion stops.

    The next logical step is a higher frame rate. 24FPS for movies is way too slow. Cameron ("Titanic", "Avatar", etc.) has been bitching about this for years. He likes pans over highly detailed backgrounds, which produce strobing effects at 24FPS. Movies should be at least 48FPS, and maybe 72FPS. (The Showscan tests indicate that viewers notice improved quality up to about 72FPS, but not above that, so that's the limit of human perception.)

    Personally, I'd like to see framefree compression. This is a concept out of Kerner Optical (a Lucasfilm spinoff). Instead of merely switching from one frame to the next, the player computes a morph between frames. This allows running at any display rate, allows arbitrarily slow motion, allows much higher compression ratios than MPEG-4, and requires substantial computation in the decoder. They never did much with the technology, though; it was sold to Monolith in Japan, which hasn't done much with it. It's worth looking at again, now that putting a GPU in a TV isn't a radical concept.

    1. Re:Can't deliver 1080p now. by kbg · · Score: 2

      Movies have motion blur, games do not. More information

  11. Who cares about TVs? Give me HUXGA instead by Co0Ps · · Score: 2

    More resolution on my TV to watch Movies? Whatever. I need resolution for my monitor though - 1080p is a joke in terms of desktop surface. Give me a standard 19" 4:3 LCD with same pixel resolution as the screen on iPhone 4. I'd easily pay1000$ for that.

    A comparison: A normal 19" 1280x1024 LCD has ~90 DPI. If it had ~326 dpi instead like the iPhone4 claims, the display would have a resolution of ~4640x3710 - the closest "common resolution" would then be: 4096x3072 (HXGA) or 6400x4800 (HUXGA). *drool* Imagine all the lines of code that would fit on that.

  12. Re:How Good is "Good Enough?" by wagnerrp · · Score: 5, Insightful

    And the misconceptions shown in that chart is exactly why we cant have nicer resolutions. That chart details the normal resolving capability of the human eye (one arcminute). The lines he drew there indicate when a person with 20/20 vision would be able to fully resolve each pixel. It does not account that a significant amount of the population can naturally see better than that, nor does it account for the fact that another significant amount of the population wears corrective lenses to see better than that. It does not account for the fact that certain structures like two parallel high contrast lines can be resolved significantly smaller than that. It does not account for the fact that structures smaller than that can still produce visible aliasing artifacts.

    Basically, someone somewhere took a couple minutes to find out the meaning of "20/20 vision" and decided that's all the better we ever need, without realizing that the human eye is far more complex than that single value depicts.

  13. 3D is NOT a market driver... by MrWin2kMan · · Score: 3, Informative

    I attended the NAB show in Las Vegas last year, and speaking with representatives of dozens of television manufacturers and content producers it was clear that 3D, even last April, was already a dead issue with no significant consumer uptake. The only people talking it up were the major studios. It's pretty clear the only group that benefits from 3D is theater operators, who charge higher prices for the showings. The major studios were pushing 3D to the home only to leverage their investment in producing the content. Nobody wants to wear the stupid glasses, and if you have a bunch of people over to watch a special event like the Superbowl, it's either impractical or downright impossible to accomodate everyone. Glasses-free 3D has a problem similar to 1st-gen LCD panels in that the viewing angle is extremely narrow. 3D is not driving the road to 4K and beyond. Military usage, as always is the big driver, as the NSA especially needs higher and higher resolution monitors for their analysis. The other off-shoot that is a big driver is cinema-width TV's. 1920x1080p is insufficient to view many of the CinemaScope and similar titles that were produced in their full glory, at a large enough size to make any difference from DVD resolution. Simply making 1080p sets larger only makes the pixels larger, and produces perceived graininess. They had a wonderful 200" Panasonic LCD television on display, but it was no where near as good as the 40" 4K set directly across from it. The bigger problem is that Joe Sixpack on average doesn't know the differences between 720p, 1080i and 1080p. DVD's look great on 720p sets, but BluRays do not. Even worse, Joe Sixpack doesn't know that there are different HD's at all! Joe Sixpack goes mostly on price, which is why the low-end sets are selling well, but the more expensive 55-70" 1080p 240/480Hz sets are not, and why the manufacturers are struggling right now. And why they're trying to change the focus to 4K sets. HDTV's have become a commodity, and they need to introduce something new to keep their sales momentum. Unfortunately, the consumers haven't been cooperating.

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  14. High resolution garbage is still garbage by cjonslashdot · · Score: 3, Funny

    We are in the Idiocracy http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0387808/

    We will be able to watch "Ow My Balls" on the same large screen that Frito used.... http://www.nerdnexus.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/idiocracy-tv-dvd1.jpg

  15. Two points by rickb928 · · Score: 2

    1. HDTV has a path to 2160p, and uHDTV projects to 4320p, or 7680x4320. In tests, it only takes 4TB to record 20 minutes of this. We will be a while getting this on the market, since even buffering this is going to present new challenges, and the bandwidth just doesn't exist. Thank NHK and the BBC for this advance...

    2. Quad HDTV (uHDTV) would require either reducing pixel size by 4x, or mandating minimum screen sizes a lot larger than what we have now. Two ways to do this; Learn to make Apple's retina displays on a huge scale, or, more likely, flexible screens. I can deal with assembling a frame and basically rolling out the screen into the frame. This is cool beyond all this, and will probably happen. Shipping 72" screens must be fraught with uncertainty, but a tube for a rollup screen would be much less trouble.

    Unfortunately, this is all conjecture. Much technology to be made, and of course the raw data is just overwhelming now. Do I want a 256TB array in the house to save a few movies on, and do I get this on anything other than fiber?

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  16. This right here is why I never bought one by Osgeld · · Score: 2

    I was laughing at people a few years ago "oh man I gotta get rid of this perfectly fine TV for a 640p model, OMFG theres a 720P model time to spend another 3 grans, HOLY FUCK! 1080 P!!!!!! time to get that new one, hey osgeld why havent you upgraded yet?"

    cause in a few years there will be a 204080 Z model and I will be able to buy your 4 grand hunk of shit for 100 bucks

    I am not that far away now and my 27 inch sanyo crt is still working fine

  17. HD is really good enough... by TheSync · · Score: 2

    1080 isn't a number picked out of the air. This is the number of scan lines a typical eye can resolve at a viewing distance of 3 picture heights from the screen. You won't be able to see any more detail, and many people can barely perceive the resolution increase of 1080 line HD over 480 line SD (although the higher-quality digital video image and 16:9 aspect ratio is perceivable to most people).

    Unless video screens become much larger (like taking up your whole wall), most people are not going to be sitting closer than 3 picture heights to a video screen.

    Now I 100% can imagine a whole wall screen of "OLED wallpaper", but until that is practical, UHDTV will not have much utility.

    What will have utility is non-glasses-based 3D displays (aka autostereoscopic). These could use UHDTV 2D panels to generate multiple views projected through the room with lenses or through a parallax barrier.