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Spectrum Fragmentation Means Pricier Mobile Networking

alphadogg writes "The plethora of spectrum bands used for LTE will result in more expensive devices, and also make the ability to roam globally using the technology less likely, according to industry organization GSM Association's research arm. Wireless Intelligence predicts there will be 38 different spectrum frequency combinations used in LTE deployments by 2015, thanks to ongoing spectrum auctions, license renewals and reallocation initiatives across a wide range of frequency bands. The number of combinations means economies of scale won't be as good and prices won't come down as much as they could if fewer spectrum bands were used as volumes increase, Joss Gillet, a senior analyst for Wireless Intelligence."

17 of 80 comments (clear)

  1. Software radios by koan · · Score: 5, Informative
    --
    "If any question why we died, Tell them because our fathers lied."
    1. Re:Software radios by fsckmnky · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I was just about to mention SDR and Fractal Antennas.

      That said, anything "new" will be "more expensive" in the near term. As soon as unit qtys ramp up and it becomes "the norm" it should be no more expensive than any device made now.

    2. Re:Software radios by stox · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Software works well for the back-end of the radio, ie. detector. The front-end and antenna are another story.

      --
      "To those who are overly cautious, everything is impossible. "
    3. Re:Software radios by SuricouRaven · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Hear that slurping noise from your new phone? That's the sound of a battery being sucked dry.

    4. Re:Software radios by icebike · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Software works well for the back-end of the radio, ie. detector. The front-end and antenna are another story.

      But antenna's of approximately the right length are almost as good as specifically tuned antennas, and the technology for dealing with multi-wavelength radios is growing by leaps and bounds. See this summary of Fractal Antennas. (full article is paid), as well as this article

      Developed over the last 20 years, fractal antennas have proven to be a fundamentally important breakthrough in antenna technology. This technology has allowed for antennas that are more powerful, versatile and compact. Because a fractal antenna uses fractal geometry and builds a complex pattern from the repetition of a simple shape, the inherent qualities of fractals enable the production of high-performance antennas that are typically 50% to 75% smaller than traditional ones. Because antenna performance is attained through the geometry of the conductor, rather than with the accumulation of separate components or separate elements that inevitably increase complexity and potential points of failure, fractal antennas offer better reliability and lower cost than traditional antennas.

      .

      So it would seem, that these antennas are destined to simply be "Printed" onto a substrate, perhaps the back cover of the phone, and segments enabled as needed. One antenna for all bands, just by using different segments to create the best pattern. This is bound to become dirt cheap to make.

      When combined with a software defined radio, rather than the discrete band models we are used to, the flexibility to produce a true world phone is possibly closer than previously thought. As soon as the designers stop chasing multi-discrete-band radios, and just plan for a world of hundreds of band segments, the Software Radio will drive the unit lower than what we have today.

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      Sig Battery depleted. Reverting to safe mode.
    5. Re:Software radios by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      I'M AN ENGINEER DESIGNING CELLULAR HARDWARE.

      Please let me re-iterate what the article says: "The plethora of spectrum bands used for LTE (Long-Term Evolution) will result in [***]more expensive devices[***], and also make the ability to roam globally using the technology less likely."

      The issue is not the modulation / coding, which is already performed via software and unconverted (ie software defined radio). The issue is in the RF front-end, which is highly specific to its frequency of operation. This includes FILTERS that are tuned to precise frequencies of operation, POWER AMPLIFIERS that are tuned to a specific frequency (some have slight control over their frequency via IO pins, with trade-offs), and LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIERS to name a few. Anytime you try to make this hardware work over a wider band or become reconfigurable, there are serious trade-offs in efficiency, cost, and overall performance. Cell phone antennas are not the issue.

      Software defined radios generally don't work in the GHz range. They produce signals in the MHz range and up-converted into the GHz range, but thank you Slashdot for trying to teach me how to design a phone! This software-defined fully-reconfigurable world phone is a brilliant idea! I'll let my boss know our next design will be the size of a spectrum analyzer, weigh 10 kg and cost $10,000. And you won't be able to talk and surf because the software defined radio won't have the bandwidth for both the LTE signals and the WiFi signals. Again, THANK YOU SLASHDOT FOR TEACHING ME HOW TO DESIGN A PHONE!

      To add to the cost, forcing cell phone designers to re-design pieces of the phone for different regions will add to the price even more. There's a push to lower the cost by creating one design that can operate in any region (re-designs / modifications are expensive).

    6. Re:Software radios by rev0lt · · Score: 2

      It seems that the parent forgot that there's an actually transmitting unit (and all the power required), and that fixed-frequency radios are actually dirt-cheap since the '20s. I baffled that we have tri/quad-frequency phones today, without being an expert. But you got mod down because you're an ass. I'm an ass too (but not speciallized on cellphone design, so no cynism there), and if I could I would mod you up. Not because you're an ass, but because the parent is so full of wrong it hurts, and you're actually right.

  2. Lol by ExtremeSupreme · · Score: 2

    You guys in the U.S. don't know how lucky you have it. In Canada we get ass-reamed. Even Virgin Mobile Canada charges $35/month just for 500 megabytes of data.. my understanding is that in the U.S. that would get you heaps of data and a few hundred minutes. You might have it bad, but here in Canada we have it far, far worse!

    1. Re:Lol by sgt+scrub · · Score: 3, Informative

      Um yeah, yeah. We have it good here in the U.S. Gigabit wireless unlimited time, unlimited bandwidth. We also have some nice property opportunities. In fact, I have a nice water front property with its own private bridge available for a small down payment of, lets say, $2,000 U.S.D. Please send the check to.... You have typed more than 40 characters. Your usage limit has been exceeded. Your 14.4k modem connection has been terminated. -- AT&T

      --
      Having to work for a living is the root of all evil.
  3. Ownership of Spectrum is simply wrong.. by yossie · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Radio Spectrum starts out as public property - selling it, a limited resource, with unknown but extensive economic effects in the future, is a bad idea. I strongly believe we should nationalize radio spectrum and lease it out, for limited periods (a dozen years? two dozen, tops.) to companies to use as part of their product.. Given how fast technology moves, and how useful (in unknowable ways) Radio Spectrum will be in the future, we are selling away our birthright..

    1. Re:Ownership of Spectrum is simply wrong.. by fsckmnky · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Its not "sold" .. its licensed. They are also working to reclaim, and re-license unused parts of the spectrum.

      Placing an arbitrary cap on the length of time a company can recover their expense, will have those unintended consequences you claim you don't want.

    2. Re:Ownership of Spectrum is simply wrong.. by Solandri · · Score: 5, Informative

      Placing an arbitrary cap on the length of time a company can recover their expense, will have those unintended consequences you claim you don't want.

      I suspect you've never run a business, or at least not handled the accounting side of one. Placing an arbitrary cap on the length of time a company can recover their expenses is exactly what you want.

      The ROI from owning (licensing) spectrum is a rate: e.g. dollars per year.
      The cost of the spectrum is an amount: e.g. dollars.

      The only way to reconcile these two is to either:

      Limit the amount of time they can use the spectrum. Then:
      ROI = (dollars / year) * (years) = dollars
      Cost = dollars

      or

      Make the licensing cost a recurring annual fee, not a one time payment. Then:
      ROI = dollars / year
      Cost = dollars / year

      Only when the units for cost and return are consistent can you make an analytical fiscal decision. Even purchases with a one-time fee, like a car, are turned into rates in accounting. You amortize the car's cost over the number of years you expect the car to remain in service. So if the company buys a car with a loan whose total payments work out to $35k, and you expect to use the car for 7 years, then the cost of the car is $35k / 7 years = $5k per year.

      Any cap you place won't be arbitrary. It will taken into account in the bidding process. If a company thinks they can make $1 million/yr from the spectrum, and you place an arbitrary cap of 5 years, then they will not bid more than (assuming 10% profit margin) $4.5 million minus interest. If your cap is 10 years, then they will not bid more than $9 million minus interest.

      As a fiscal conservative who has run a business and done the accounting for it, our government's insistence on auctioning spectrum in perpetuity for a one-time fee has always baffled me. It's like saying if you pay me $1000 one time, I will clean your bathroom once a week forever. It makes no business sense because it's impossible to tell if I'm getting a good deal (maybe you'll die next week) or a bad deal (maybe you'll live to be 120).

    3. Re:Ownership of Spectrum is simply wrong.. by Bitmanhome · · Score: 2

      As a fiscal conservative who has run a business and done the accounting for it, our government's insistence on auctioning spectrum in perpetuity for a one-time fee has always baffled me.

      It's not baffling at all, it's simple corruption. It's abuse of a public resource for private gain.

      --
      Not that this wasn't entirely predictable.
  4. Re:close... by mcelrath · · Score: 2

    I was just wondering this the other day...it seems to me that for a handset manufacturer it would make sense to put all of CDMA/TDMA/GSM/LTE/HSPA+ etc onto one chip, and define the frequencies and protocol by some BIOS settings. That way the same phone could be sold to every mobile carrier. I would think it should also be possible to include many antennae or fractal antennae.

    Is this already going on? Or are handset manufacturers really putting different chips in the same handset destined for different carriers?

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    1^2=1; (-1)^2=1; 1^2=(-1)^2; 1=-1; 1=0.
  5. Re:close... by msauve · · Score: 2

    It's not particularly hard to do on a chipset, using DDS technology. What is necessary, are external filters for the specific frequencies/bands, but stuffing different filters/antennas on essentially the same board doesn't really hurt economies of scale, when each band may represent millions of handsets. There's not much economy of scale gained between building 1 million of something, and building 2 million of the same thing, at least when you're talking about $50+ things (i.e. at that scale, you're saving pennies, not dollars).

    --
    "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
  6. Re:Wait by russotto · · Score: 2

    Because this article is a thinly-veiled plea to give all the spectrum to Verizon.

  7. Refuse by ebonum · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Can the handset makers put their foot down? Can they simply say: we only support this list of 5 major frequencies that are used worldwide? Phones would be smaller if they didn't have to be 5-band (or more).

    Seriously, all these frequencies is stupid. People need phones that work world wide.

    If I was Samsung and Verizon wants a phone for their LTE network, I would tell them. 1) you must promise now to buy x ( 1 million? ) at an inflated price. 2) You must pay Y million ( 50 million? ) today to cover our development costs to build a phone that works on only your stupid network. 3) We have the right to make it a one band phone. If your network coverage is bad, it will not be able to switch over to another network.