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No More SSL Revocation Checking For Chrome

New submitter mwehle writes with this bit from Ars Technica: "Google's Chrome browser will stop relying on a decades-old method for ensuring secure sockets layer certificates are valid after one of the company's top engineers compared it to seat belts that break when they are needed most. The browser will stop querying CRL, or certificate revocation lists, and databases that rely on OCSP, or online certificate status protocol, Google researcher Adam Langley said in a blog post published on Sunday. He said the services, which browsers are supposed to query before trusting a credential for an SSL-protected address, don't make end users safer because Chrome and most other browsers establish the connection even when the services aren't able to ensure a certificate hasn't been tampered with."

43 of 152 comments (clear)

  1. Why? by John+Hasler · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ...Chrome and most other browsers establish the connection even when the services aren't able to ensure a certificate hasn't been tampered with.

    Why?

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    1. Re:Why? by Spad · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Because otherwise (as I've discovered by switching it on in Seamonkey) about 20% of the time the connection to the CRL/OCSP server fails for whatever reason and so your site won't load, even though there's nothing wrong with its certificate.

      Now you might argue that false positives are preferable to ignoring problems, but it does break the user experience pretty badly.

    2. Re:Why? by Richard_at_work · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Yes. Because if you are in a MITM position to inject your own compromised cert for site Y, then you are also in the perfect position to deny access to the cert validation servers to stop the validation happening.

      The solution is more resilient servers and services, not eliminating the checking.

    3. Re:Why? by Imagix · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Now you might argue that false positives are preferable to ignoring problems, but it does break the user experience pretty badly.

      And this is the problem with security. People want the security/safety.... unless it's inconvenient. And yes, there is something "wrong" with the certificate. It is unverifiable as to whether it is still valid. Which you asked it to do.

    4. Re:Why? by vlm · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The solution is more resilient servers and services, not eliminating the checking.

      Such as, say, having the Mighty GOOG distribute that "CRL in all but name". Which brings us full circle back to the original article, and what they're doing.

      --
      "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
    5. Re:Why? by Baloroth · · Score: 5, Informative

      Hint: should every site with an SSL cert from X not work because X is unreachable for whatever reason right this second?

      Yes. Anyone conducting a MITM attack is practically necessarily in control of the users network, and will just block access to the CRL, which means they will never stop MITM attacks unless you do exactly that. And yes, I know that is the point of the change. My point is: they choose the wrong fix. Sites should only be listed as trusted if the browser really knows they can be (so far as possible, of course). Being "Secure" should meet a minimum standard, and failing that standard means the site should not be listed as "secure", but most browsers do. Choosing to simply ignore part of the established SSL standard is not the solution.

      Opera does precisely this. It still used HTTPS (I think), but it doesn't list the page as being secure, since the page really has exactly the same security as any non-https site (for trust purposes).

      --
      "None can love freedom heartily, but good men; the rest love not freedom, but license." --John Milton
    6. Re:Why? by kbg · · Score: 5, Insightful

      "CRL/OCSP server fails for whatever reason".

      No it fails because the server administrators for the CRL are incompetent morons. A CRL server is a mission critical server that should stay up 24-7.

      If Chrome and other browsers would simply display an error page with text explaining the problem and point to the offending server, I am sure the problems would be fixed very quick.

    7. Re:Why? by kbg · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yes it should. CRL server for X is mission critical and should always work. There is no excuse for it not working.

    8. Re:Why? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

      Guessing you have no idea what it takes to keep a server running 24/7. There are thousands of things that can go wrong and bring down a server from simple errors or bugs to Denial-of-service attacks.

    9. Re:Why? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      If a CA cannot keep their uptime, they shouldn't be in the business. Part of the fairly high cost of certificate purchases is the fact the CA is going to run multiple, geographically distributed data centers with adequate server coverage. That, or hire a provider that has is ready/willing/able to do this.

      It is just like banks -- if a bank's server failed causing a loss of transaction info for a period of time, nobody would care how hard it is to have 99.999% uptime -- the bank failed in its duties regardless of the reason (hardware failure, Internet issues, security issues, etc.) This is just the same with CAs and revocation.

    10. Re:Why? by xorsyst · · Score: 2

      Oh come on, it doesn't have to be a single server. Plenty of web businesses are able to manage 24-7, it's not outside the wit of man.

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    11. Re:Why? by Guppy06 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The real problem with false positives isn't that they are "inconvenient" but that they breed complacency. If 99% of the alerts you get are false, what are the odds you'll actually give enough due diligence to catch the remaining 1%?

    12. Re:Why? by 93+Escort+Wagon · · Score: 2

      But if the certificate was stolen from the Bank, it's their fault, not yours.

      Fault is not particularly relevant when the parent comment was "Someone stealing your banking information is a pretty bad user experience, too." Sure, it's their fault. Sure, they'll eventually have to make it good. But, in the meantime, you're the one dealing with all the crap that's happened.

      --
      #DeleteChrome
    13. Re:Why? by Hentes · · Score: 5, Insightful

      They could load the site and simultaneously display a small warning, thus letting the users decide whether they want to trust it or not. Loading an untrusted is not a tragedy by itself.

    14. Re:Why? by rioki · · Score: 2

      If twitter can run their servers at something like 99.999% then a CA can too...

    15. Re:Why? by Joce640k · · Score: 3, Insightful

      At the very least don't display the padlock icon as if everything is cool.

      (Also, keep retrying the certificate request to see if it succeeds. Change the padlock color when it does).

      --
      No sig today...
    16. Re:Why? by SETIGuy · · Score: 2

      A CRL server is a mission critical server that should stay up 24-7.

      In order for that to happen you'll need a significant monetary incentive based on uptime. Without that you're going to get a server that's up most of the time.

    17. Re:Why? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      And that explains why when my car is read-ended, it's always completely undamaged.

      The magic of liability protects me.

      True story.

    18. Re:Why? by rainer_d · · Score: 2

      A CRL is basically a flat file. It should not be difficult to make it available 24x7 - at least for someone who charges outrageous amounts of money in exchange for basically digitally signing a couple of bytes.

      --
      Windows 2000 - from the guys who brought us edlin
    19. Re:Why? by icebraining · · Score: 3, Insightful

      That's not the only way to get a compromised certificate.

      Remember that any CA can create a certificate for any domain. So It might be that some attacker got hold of an intermediate CA certificate and issued a certificate for the bank's domain. Now, the CA detects the breach and revokes the intermediate certificate, but since Chrome fails to check them, it still gets accepted.

      You have a full MITM scenario without any fault from the bank or the bank's CA.

    20. Re:Why? by icebraining · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Twitter as an example of reliability? Are you joking? You do know where the expression "fail whale" came from, right?

    21. Re:Why? by icebraining · · Score: 2

      CAs get up to hundreds of dollars per certificate. Whatever they need to keep a damn static file with 100% uptime has been more than paid.

    22. Re:Why? by loxosceles · · Score: 2

      That's why the model going forward is going to be something like

      http://convergence.io/
      http://perspectives-project.org/
      http://patrol.psyced.org/

    23. Re:Why? by Guppy06 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      When was the last time you so much as looked out a window when you heard a car alarm?

    24. Re:Why? by Kalriath · · Score: 2

      Yeah, but I bet twitter's "fail whale" page servers are up 99.999% of the time...

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      For a site about things like basic rights, Slashdot users sure do like to censor "dissent".
  2. What? by OverlordQ · · Score: 3, Interesting

    He said the services, which browsers are supposed to query before trusting a credential for an SSL-protected address, don't make end users safer because Chrome and most other browsers establish the connection even when the services aren't able to ensure a certificate hasn't been tampered with.

    So he admits Chrome is broken, so he doesn't fix it and blames the CA's . . makes sense.

    Chrome will instead rely on its automatic update mechanism to maintain a list of certificates that have been revoked for security reasons. Langley called on certificate authorities to provide a list of revoked certificates that Google bots can automatically fetch.

    So basically he wants CRLs? I thought he didn't want CRLs?

    --
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    1. Re:What? by Kohenkatz · · Score: 4, Informative

      What he wants is CRLs stored on the local machine instead of querying a web service.

    2. Re:What? by vlm · · Score: 4, Informative

      So basically he wants CRLs? I thought he didn't want CRLs?

      Not want CRLs distributed from sites no one cares about.

      CRLs fail unlocked, so to speak. So if you can't pull a CRL from a CA the browser goes on its merry way. So if you're pulling a MITM attack using a known compromised cert, "everyone knows" you just block access to the CA. End users will never notice. 99.9999% of end users will never visit anything with a *.verisign.com domain.

      However, if you block access to www.google.com or plus.google.com or gmail.com because they're distributing a meta-CRL THEN "most" users will notice the might GOOG is dead.

      So you start with a web of trust where no one cares if any of the threads are cut. Thats not gonna work. So how bout piggybacking the web of trust on top of a Very Popular Site. Being a GOOG guy (I think?) he suggests his employer, although I know of no technical reason why itunes.apple.com or microsoft.com couldn't also distribute CRLs.

      Now if you want to pull a MITM attack its not enough to null route the CAs, you can't null route the Mighty GOOG without the users noticing, so you have to do something much more sophisticated to block access to the most recent CRL.

      The funny part is now all the noobs who report internet outages as "google is down" are going to have to wonder, is someone trying to pull a MITM or is it just noob-speak for an internet outage...

      --
      "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
    3. Re:What? by vlm · · Score: 2

      Once it gets escalated up to 2nd, 3rd, 4th tier support at the ISP that $bigcustomer has no GOOG access, and the 4th tier engineer checks his BGP and its all good and is scratching his head in mystification as to why $bigcustomer can't access certain GOOG ip addrs, maybe, just maybe, he'll remember this /. thread and catch a MITM in progress. Maybe.

      --
      "Science flies us to the moon. Religion flies us into buildings." - Victor Stenger
    4. Re:What? by Jon+Stone · · Score: 2

      CRLs are revocation lists which used to be published by CAs and clients were able to periodically download.

      As a concept they were replaced with OCSP (online certificate status protocol). Here the client requests the current status of a certificate each time they are presented with it. The idea was that it would be more timely and up to date and meant CAs didn't need to publish a complete list of revoked certificates.

      Now it seems Chrome wants to go back to a bodged version of the old way of doing things where Chrome periodically requests the CRL from the browser vendor or Chrome is periodically updated with the latest CRL?

  3. Great idea. by Targen · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Chrome and most other browsers establish the connection even when the services aren't able to ensure a certificate hasn't been tampered with.

    And the solution, obviously, is not checking at all. Slick.

    1. Re:Great idea. by mlts · · Score: 2

      I'm guessing the fact that a top level certificate compromise is something that is to be ignored. We already went through this with a CA that got bankrupted due to security issues. Web browsers not dealing with revoked keys will just add significantly to the time that blackhats can MITM stuff.

      The solution? I would say that SLCs (short-lived certificates) might be the best thing, with a mechanism to replace browser root keys periodically. Every time the browser is updated, CAs have new root keys. This way, a compromised root key will be replaced in short order, and if the root key is sound, having intermediate CA keys with a lifetime of hours to days would be the thing to do. This way, if a key is compromised, it will expire in a very short amount of time, even if there is no ability to connect to a revocation server.

      Of course, there are holes in this -- fetching keys more often for example will generate more traffic.

  4. Re:Being Google by Spad · · Score: 4, Informative

    All they're really doing is moving the certificate revocation checks from the client to the server; Google updates its own CRL and pushes it to Chrome so that the browser doesn't have to rely on potentially unresponsive 3rd party sites for its checks.

  5. He's right by HBI · · Score: 4, Informative

    CRLs and OCSP are functionally useless. For PKI to work, certificate revocation must work also. Some kind of reliable system has to be constructed. Chrome is doing what they need to do to make this happen by abandoning the useless, outdated technologies of the past.

    Before someone asserts otherwise, explain DigiNotar. While you are at it, explain all the rest of the CA compromises over the last two years. Then explain why each browser essentially had to distribute a patch to fix the problem rather than relying on OCSP and CRLs. If they are functional, that wouldn't have been necessary.

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    1. Re:He's right by xorsyst · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Opera didn't have to distribute a patch, because they use OCSP and CRLs properly. And I've never heard of anyone complaining that it causes a problem.

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  6. Yeah decades. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    X509 certificates go back to July 3, 1988.

    That makes certificates (and their revocation) 24 years old.

    So yes, decades old.

  7. Re:Being Google by Ferzerp · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Except now Google is presenting itself as an authority on the status of certificates that it has no business doing so with to the users of chrome.

    This is a bad thing.

  8. A better fix by MobyDisk · · Score: 2

    because Chrome and most other browsers establish the connection even when the services aren't able to ensure a certificate hasn't been tampered with.

    This is just a case of unsafe defaults. To fix this in Firefox go to Tolls - Options - Advanced - Encryption - Validation and check the box that says "When an OCSP server connection fails, treat the certificate as invalid."

    This is probably what the default should be anyway. I cannot imagine a fingerprint scanner that just assumed everyone was authorized if the database went down. If it can't validate, then it isn't valid!

  9. False warnings by Firethorn · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I harp on this constantly. At work, we fairly routinely issue people new certificates and revoke the old ones, even when there's no belief that the certs were compromised. As a result, you can send somebody an email and later that day get new certs. This is a problem because all the digitally signed emails you sent earlier now register as revoked and Outlook proceeds to tell you this, that the email can't be trusted, etc...

    This happens frequently enough that I encounter this 2-3 times a week. The email has always been valid, they just got new certs between their sending the messages and my opening the email(possibly for historical reasons).

    Same deal as with the california cancer warning - stick it on EVERYTHING, and it gets ignored. If you put cancer warnings on apples, they may not pay attention to the cancer warning on that bottle of test chemical.

    --
    I don't read AC A human right
  10. Re:Being Google by swillden · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Except now Google is presenting itself as an authority on the status of certificates that it has no business doing so with to the users of chrome.

    This is a bad thing.

    Google is already the authority which decides which CAs will be trusted by Chrome. How does it really change anything if Google also collects the CA CRLs and pushes them to the browser? Other than making revocations much more reliable.

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  11. All Banking sites will now exclude Chrome by Culture20 · · Score: 2

    Chrome: "We're not wearing eye-gear on the paintball field because we all shoot at torsos"
    Banks: "That's nice. You're not playing on the paintball field without eye-gear."

  12. False choice by losttoy · · Score: 2

    I have been running with security.OCSP.require set to true for a long time and haven't really noticed failures. Maybe the stated problem with CRL check timeouts is being overblown?

  13. What a boneheaded argument by martin-boundary · · Score: 2
    I guess even top Google engineers make boneheaded analogies. FTFBP:

    So soft-fail revocation checks are like a seat-belt that snaps when you crash. Even though it works 99% of the time, it's worthless because it only works when you don't need it.

    A seat-belt isn't there to protect you if you drive at 200mph into the side of a building. If that's what you're doing, your day is going to be ruined no matter what.

    Seat-belts are there to protect against the low hanging fruit of accidents. If you're driving 20mph and the neighbour's cat suddenly runs across the road, you break and the seat belt stops you and your passengers from getting a nasty bruise.

    That's what it's for, and it works exceedingly well at doing that. If we get rid of seat-belts because they don't help in the 1% of cases, like when someone crashes into a building, then all we're doing is increasing dramatically the global accident rate on trivial incidents, like the cat example.