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Scientists Study How Little Exercise You Need

Hugh Pickens writes "Millions of Americans don't engage in much exercise, if they complete any at all and asked why, a majority of respondents, in survey after survey, say, 'I don't have time.' Now Gretchen Reynolds reports that instead of wondering just how much exercise people really need in order to gain health and fitness, a group of scientists in Canada are turning that issue on its head and asking, how little exercise do we need to maintain fitness and the answer appears to be, a lot less than most of us think — provided we're willing to work a bit. Most people have heard of intervals, or repeated, short, sharp bursts of strenuous activity, interspersed with rest periods. Almost all competitive athletes strategically employ a session or two of interval training every week to improve their speed and endurance. Researchers have developed a version of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) that involves one minute of strenuous effort, at about 90 percent of a person's maximum heart rate (which most of us can estimate, very roughly, by subtracting our age from 220), followed by one minute of easy recovery. The effort and recovery are repeated 10 times, for a total of 20 minutes and the interval training is performed twice a week. Despite the small time commitment of this modified HIIT program, after several weeks of practicing it, both the unfit volunteers and the cardiac patients showed significant improvements in their health and fitness. 'A growing body of evidence demonstrates that high-intensity interval training can serve as an effective alternate to traditional endurance-based training, inducing similar or even superior physiological adaptations in healthy individuals and diseased populations, at least when compared on a matched-work basis.'"

28 of 437 comments (clear)

  1. Interval Training by Ethanol-fueled · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Works wonders if your employer has an onsite gym. Duck in at random intervals throughout the day, bang out 100 leg presses, 15 heavyweight curls each arm, 30 heavyweight dumbell presses, 40 reps of wrist curls with 40-pound dumbbells each arm. Feels good, man, even on a diet of beer and Mexican food.

    The intervals meaning that interruption to your routine is minimal since you're not doing it all at once when everybody else is using the gym, like at lunchtimes or after work.

    1. Re:Interval Training by Anne_Nonymous · · Score: 5, Funny

      >> even on a diet of beer and Mexican food

      I am so happy that I don't share an office with you.

    2. Re:Interval Training by Ethanol-fueled · · Score: 5, Funny

      Don't pull my finger and you'll be okay.

    3. Re:Interval Training by artor3 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      That's not really the way interval training works, though the fact that you exercise at all puts you head and shoulders above most people in this country. Real interval training requires you to do a bunch of short intervals of exercise with only slightly longer periods of rest in between. For example, sprint for one minute, slow jog for two, repeat that cycle six times. Most exercise machines (treadmills, bikes, ellipticals, etc.) have such an option as one of the built-in programs.

      But regardless of whether or not what you're suggesting is "real" interval training, the fact remains that it is exercise, and for most people, even modest exercise is enough to keep them from getting fat and weak. Just remember to wear deodorant, because under the proposed regimen, you're not going to be showering after each interval.

    4. Re:Interval Training by ackthpt · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Getting your heartrate up is the important bit - use those lungs and get your liver in fighting trim. The more vital you are the better off you are, short and long term.

      I'd hate to see research coming out recommending people do as little as possible. It would only confirm to the at-risk group they don't need to work on it. Meanwhile, people I went to high school with are popping their clogs. Geez.

      --

      A feeling of having made the same mistake before: Deja Foobar
    5. Re:Interval Training by metlin · · Score: 4, Informative

      You know, I used to feel the same way (i.e. macros are more important, and as long as you got your nutrients, the source doesn't really matter).

      But a while ago, I changed my lifestyle -- vegetarian, gave up alcohol, coffee, and most processed foods, and just started eating healthier foods in general.

      I've seen a drastic difference in not just my fitness levels, but also my stamina. I'm having the flu right now, and yet, my buddies and I just had an intense workout out for over an hour at the gym, and I didn't even feel tired.

      Things like interval workouts are great, but they only work to an extent. There's something to be said about putting your body in the "zone" (as far as heart rates and muscle groups are concerned) because when you're done thoroughly working out with an entire muscle group, and you'll see much better progress over time. This, of course, is my personal experience and quite anecdotal. YMMV.

    6. Re:Interval Training by EdIII · · Score: 5, Funny

      I guess I am the sociopath here. I save it for the elevator where there is no escape.

      Mwuhahahahahahahhahahha

    7. Re:Interval Training by mcgrew · · Score: 4, Insightful

      <nelson>HA HA!</nelson>

      I eat what I want and don't get much exercise at all. I'm thin, sit all day, drink too much, and you know what? You have to die from something. Live while you're alive. Take it from an old man who'll be sixty in a couple of months.

      (now watch me die tomorrow, that would show me, wouldn't it?)

    8. Re:Interval Training by camperdave · · Score: 5, Funny

      I walk between the house and the car, and between the car and the office twice a day, five days a week. Surely that's interval training enough. Most times I even carry a satchel.

      --
      When our name is on the back of your car, we're behind you all the way!
    9. Re:Interval Training by metlin · · Score: 4, Informative

      for most people, even modest exercise is enough to keep them from getting fat and weak

      I would actually say that diet is infinitely more important than exercise. There's a reason it's said that six packs are made in the kitchen.

      Someone who eats healthy and does not work out is often in better shape than someone who eats junk and "works out" for half hour a day. Most of those people just use their momentum to do some crazy exercises with piss poor forms, and eat unhealthy crap afterwards because they've worked out (think middle aged man with flabby biceps and a beer gut trying to bench press, when he probably has 30% body fat).

    10. Re:Interval Training by ceoyoyo · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Hard interval training is going to do a hell of a lot more for your heart rate than walking, unless, perhaps, you're talking about Olympic class speed walking.

      Walking is better than nothing, but it doesn't raise your heart rate nearly as much as running or intensive intervals.

    11. Re:Interval Training by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I agree with 'Live while you are alive' but sitting on the couch, drinking and eating crap I find less of the living then spending couple of hours in the gym, relaxing brain while walking or camping and eating stuff that makes me feel good AFTERWARDS (like fruits and oatmeal).

    12. Re:Interval Training by littlewink · · Score: 4, Informative

      ... doing stretches weren't that good for the body and might do more injuries in the long run

      Yes, and doing yoga can f*** you up. So a little warming up and then straight into exercise or weights is best.

    13. Re:Interval Training by cmarkn · · Score: 4, Informative

      [citation needed]

      http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/stretching-before-exercise-is-useless-738097.html

      “The basic science and clinical evidence today suggests that stretching before exercise is more likely to cause injury than to prevent it.”
      http://www.runnersworld.com/article/0,7120,s6-241-287--7001-0,00.html

      Several authors have suggested that stretching has a beneficial effect on injury prevention. In contrast, clinical evidence suggesting that stretching before exercise does not prevent injuries has also been reported.
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15233597

      “stretching before exercise is more likely to cause injury than to prevent it.”
      http://www.amazon.com/Body-Science-Research-Program-Results/dp/0071597174/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1329369249&sr=8-1 p. 218-9, emphasis in original

      --
      People should not fear their government. Governments should fear their people.
    14. Re:Interval Training by wrook · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The stretching FAQ is a very good resource: http://www.cmcrossroads.com/bradapp/docs/rec/stretching/

      Stretching while your muscles are cold is a very bad idea. One of the things that confuses people is how crazily flexible your body is when you are young. You can usually do just about any stupid ass thing and you will not get seriously injured. But as you get older, you lose it. Warm up is essential. Stretching before exercise (before you are warm) is an invitation to injury.

      But extrapolating from that to assume that stretching is a bad idea is wrong. Flexibility is extremely useful. If you don't move your body through it's full range of motion, you will gradually lose the ability to do so. Then you are not only at risk of injury during exercise, but also in every day life. Because the loss of flexibility is so gradual, many people don't realize it. But before you know it, it's gone and then you lose your ability to move.

      Stretching isn't something you chuck in at the beginning of a workout. It is part of a workout (or even the workout itself). You have to treat it seriously and understand how to do it properly. Just like anything else.

    15. Re:Interval Training by duguk · · Score: 4, Funny

      use those lungs and get your liver in fighting trim

      My Doctor said this too; that I should do something once a day that makes me out of breath, so I've taken up smoking.


      (with thanks to Jo Brand)

  2. er what? by AdamWill · · Score: 5, Insightful

    "Now Gretchen Reynolds reports that instead of wondering just how much exercise people really need in order to gain health and fitness, a group of scientists in Canada are turning that issue on its head and asking, how little exercise do we need to maintain fitness"

    How is that 'turning the issue on its head'? It seems to me more like a very minor rephrasing of the question which ultimately makes no difference at all.

  3. Sex by BitHive · · Score: 5, Funny

    It sounds like this regimen could be incorporated into sex, or masturbation if you're creative.

    preemptive "slashdot readers don't have sex, lol"

  4. Re:Define FItness by Suddenly_Dead · · Score: 4, Informative

    Define Fitness

    Defined:

    Despite these differences, both protocols induced similar increases (P < 0.05) in mitochondrial markers for skeletal muscle CHO (pyruvate dehydrogenase E1alpha protein content) and lipid oxidation (3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase maximal activity) and protein content of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha. Glycogen and phosphocreatine utilization during exercise were reduced after training, and calculated rates of whole-body CHO and lipid oxidation were decreased and increased, respectively, with no differences between groups (all main effects, P < 0.05).

  5. Official Training Guide by Provocateur · · Score: 5, Funny

    Refrigerator door pull:
    1. Stand with your feet evenly in front of the icebox. Pull door open, check whats inside. Close the door.
    2. Pull open, retrieve one of the 6pack. Close door.
    3. Pull open, get salsa. Close door.
    4. Pull open, get lime. Close door.
    5. When it's time for next bottle/can, repeat #2.

    Sixteen ounce wrist curls:
    1. Pop open that beer/soda/caffeinated drink. 6 reps, one for each gulp, right wrist first.
    2. Do 6 reps for left wrist as well.

    Use your imagination, and your regular work area could be a workout area as well. Practice saying, "Yeah, I work out" with the intensity showing in your eyes.

    --
    WARNING: Smartphones have side effects--most of them undocumented.
  6. Re:Why don't I exercise? by John+Hasler · · Score: 4, Funny

    > Because I think it's boring.

    You'll find diabetes and heart disease boring as well. But don't worry: Alzheimer's will help you forget the boredom.

    --
    Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
  7. Too bad they didn't measure BDNF by Baldrson · · Score: 4, Informative
    Most of the /. readers are concerned about age-related cognitive decline -- either that or they've already declined cognitively to the point that they should forget about /. and turn on the TV.

    The best way, currently known, to slow age-related cognitive decline is exercise because it produces Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor.

    But did TFA even mention BDNF?

    nnnnnnaaaaaaaaOOOOOOOOOOHHHHhhhhhh

    Maybe the author should exercise more.

  8. Re:Don't do this if you're very unfit. by John+Hasler · · Score: 4, Informative

    Well, 90% of one's max HR is simply that; to a certain point, it'll be higher the more fit you are.

    No it won't. In fact, as you get fit your max HR may decrease. However, you will be able sustain it much longer. Your heart will become stronger, will move more blood per stroke, and your circulatory resistance will decrease. Your resting HR (and your blood pressure) will drop substantially so that your ratio of max HR to resting HR will increase even if your max HR decreases.

    --
    Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
  9. Re:While that 40 minutes a week might help the hea by AdmiralXyz · · Score: 4, Funny

    You have, unironically, used the term "Bro" on Slashdot. Guards!

    --
    Dislike the Electoral College? Lobby your state to join the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact.
  10. Ken Cooper sort of answered this decades ago by ignavus · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Dr Ken Cooper - the guy who invented aerobics and published back in the 1970s - was answering this question more or less. He was a US Air Force doctor and had access to thousands of subjects for testing. He wanted to answer the question: "How much exercise do I *need* to do, when a doctor tells me to get `more' exercise?"

    Basically, after a 13 week conditioning program of gradually increasing exersion, his program settles down into walking 4 miles in 55 minutes, three times a week. This is not that burdensome. And there are many alternatives to walking: swimming, running/jogging, cycling, playing various vigorous sports like squash, etc. He worked out age and activity based tables for mixing and matching various activities to achieve the weekly exercise goal - all based on research into basic aerobic fitness.

    --
    I am anarch of all I survey.
  11. On behalf of everyone else who was at your gym: by pepty · · Score: 5, Insightful
    F!@K YOU!

    I'm having the flu right now, and yet, my buddies and I just had an intense workout out for over an hour at the gym, and I didn't even feel tired.

    I'm glad you feel so healthy, but please stay away from the gym while you're coughing, sneezing, or barfing.

    1. Re:On behalf of everyone else who was at your gym: by geedubyoo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      You did not have the flu and I suspect that you have never had flu. No matter how healthy you are, the influenza virus will completely wipe you out and you will be barely able to stand, never mind go to the gym. You had a bout of the common cold.

  12. Re:Tai Chi Chuan, ftw by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You wanna look like a douche, play around with some machines or dumbells (guess why they call them that). You wanna be healthy, feel great and get all the poon you can handle? Tai Chi.

    I guess I rather look like a douche than act and sound like one.