Watch How the Moon Was Formed
itwbennett writes "A pair of NASA videos released today show the moon as you've never seen it before. In one video, you get an up-close tour of the moon's craters, thanks to video and images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. In the other, you can watch an animation of the moon's creation and evolution."
http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?collection_id=14483&media_id=135568801&module=homepage
The Large-Impact Hypothesis is the current consensus. One smaller protoplanet grazed a larger one, leaving a large chunk of itself behind. The larger became the Earth, the smaller, the moon.
As to why the Lunar crust is (believed to be) about 1/3 thicker of the far side than the near side, no one is quite sure.