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"Part-Time" Scientists Aim To Build Autonomous Moon Rover

First time accepted submitter ziegenberg writes "The lunar rover 'Asimov' developed by the Part-Time Scientists, and due to land in 2014, will be the first autonomously navigated rover on the Moon. Its autonomous navigation system is a major technological leap. While the Russian Moon rovers Lunokhod 1 and 2 in the early 70s were fully controlled from Earth, today's Mars rovers like NASA's Mars Exploration Rover 'Opportunity,' which has been tirelessly exploring the Red Planet since 2004, are autonomous. However, Opportunity requires nearly three minutes to process a pair of images — a delay that causes it to move at an average speed of just 1 cm/sec or less. New developments by the technology partnership between the DLR Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics and the PTS have created, for the first time, an autonomous navigation system for a rover that has the capacity to process multiple images per second. The technology boosts a stereo camera that Asimov will use to calculate its own motion, generate a 2.5-dimensional environmental model, evaluate the site and determine a collision-free path — all in real time."

12 of 111 comments (clear)

  1. GPUs continue to take off ( this time literally ) by boshi · · Score: 3, Interesting

    It seems like every month now that I wake up in the morning and see another amazing application for GPUs. It is incredible to see the progress that a multi-billion dollar entertainment industry can bring to other markets like space exploration that would normally run on super expensive first-generation prototype hardware.

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    Blog
  2. "Avg speed of 1 cm/sec" and a question by c0lo · · Score: 4, Interesting
    Opportunity (the rover) has a ration of 560 W*h/day for everything it needs to do - and this includes moving its 180 kg.

    Granted, the insolation will be better on the Moon than on Mars (closer to the Sun), but... just how much power their GPU is going to require for computing the 2.5 D env data?

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    Questions raise, answers kill. Raise questions to stay alive.
    1. Re:"Avg speed of 1 cm/sec" and a question by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 5, Informative

      The main problem with Spirit and Opportunity was that there were extreme limitations on size and mass. Thus the unusual and innovative method of a "beachball" landing... which given the restrictions made the whole thing possible. Other means such as retro-rockets, as with the current mission, simply were not physically possible given those conditions, and that was calculated in the very beginning. Thus the unusual -- one might say -- "alternative" -- landing method. It maximized the amount of scientific instruments that the rovers could carry.

      Due to the size and mass restrictions, nuclear power was also not an option, and the size of the solar arrays was necessarily limited. Nevertheless, while I know you are not criticizing the two rovers, it must be stated: given the constraints under which they had to operate, they worked remarkably well, and lasted years beyond their planned 90-day lifespan. If ever there was a NASA success, Spirit and Opportunity are it.

    2. Re:"Avg speed of 1 cm/sec" and a question by SuricouRaven · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The moon also has a rather longer day - a lunar rover running solar would have to operate for fifteen days of sun, then hibernate for fifteen days of darkness. And the occasional eclipse. With that and the lack of an atmosphere, solar power isn't going to be an issue. More concerning is the task of keeping it from melting after fifteen days of intense solar radiation and no atmospheric cooling.

    3. Re:"Avg speed of 1 cm/sec" and a question by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 2

      More concerning is the task of keeping it from melting after fifteen days of intense solar radiation and no atmospheric cooling.

      Actually, this should not be much of a problem. For example, slightly pressurized helium (which has a high thermal conductivity) could carry the heat of the solar panel to a radiative "heat sink" in the shadow behind it, or it could be physically coupled by thermally conductive metal to the heat sink.

      Radiative heat sinks in the shadow of a panel is a technique is used by nuclear-powered space probes (the Voyagers, for example). In fact it has been shown that the radiation (photons) from the heat sinks, impacting the backside of the antenna reflector, has acted like a "reverse solar sail", and has "negatively-bootstrapped" the probe: slowing it down in its path.

  3. laser range finder by Dr+Max · · Score: 2

    How come they didn't just use a laser range finder to create a 3d map of the terrain around the robot?

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    Rocket Surgeon.
    1. Re:laser range finder by khallow · · Score: 2

      However, after seeing the pictures I am not confident of long life for this vehicle. As Spirit and Opportunity clearly showed, a solar-powered device must include a method of cleaning that solar panel regularly to avoid loss of power. That was one of the biggest problems for Spirit and Opportunity: power loss due to dust accumulation.

      What's the mechanism for dust transfer that's going to create a similar problem for this rover? The Moon doesn't have an atmosphere capable of carrying dust and the rover will be traveling pretty slow. That doesn't leave many alternatives for dust accumulation though there are a few. I think the lunar nights (and the resulting thermal issues) will be far more likely to shorten the lifespan of the vehicle.

    2. Re:laser range finder by khallow · · Score: 2

      Dust does get moved around however. For example, I understand that the transitions from day to night and vice versa create electric fields that push dust around. Micrometeor strikes (and they don't have to be nearby!) can also generate moving dust.

  4. Re:exploring for the sake of exploring by SuricouRaven · · Score: 2

    Wouldn't get an image over the poles, but who needs those? Still not practical: The moon is a long way up. Low earth orbit is not. To get the same image from the moon as an LEO sat would require ridiculously large and delicate optics. Worse, got to get to the moon. LEO is easy, but moon would need more powerful, not-mass-produced rockets. Then you've got to put the thing together - no way that an instrument that large is landing in one piece, so you need either telepresence robots or a manned mission to bolt it all together.

  5. Re:exploring for the sake of exploring by Dunbal · · Score: 3, Informative

    But the moon surface is rock stable.

    I guess you've never heard of moon quakes. Rock stable my ass. Consider this the new thing you learned today.

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    Seven puppies were harmed during the making of this post.
  6. Re:GPUs continue to take off ( this time literally by cusco · · Score: 3, Informative

    Woosh!

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    "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
  7. Scientists or Engineers? by Theovon · · Score: 2

    It always bugs me how people seem to often use the term Scientist for someone who is actually doing Engineering. There's no shame in engineering. I'm an engineer, and engineering is no trivial job. But as I understand it, it is the scientists that figure out how the world works, and the engineers use that knowledge to design new things. Both require serious insightfulness and creativity.

    Like in Venture Brothers, Rusty Venture calls himself a "super scientist." Indeed if this were reality, he would have to do a heck of a lot of science. But in fact, the majority of what he does is engineering, building huge mechanical whatzits and stuff.

    Why do scientists get all the credit?

    (P.S. I think technically I'm a scientist also, because I have a Ph.D. (optional) and conduct and publish research. But I don't think I'm as good a scientst as many of my colleagues. What makes me competitive is that I have very strong engineering skills, which makes my experimental systems and experiments more robust.)