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Music Memories Stored In Different Part of Brain Than Other Memories

An anonymous reader writes "Scientists have long believed that the ability to learn and appreciate music was stored in a different part of the brain than other types of memories. Now, researchers in Berlin think that they have concluded that theory. Dr. Christoph J. Ploner, Carson Finke, and Nazli Esfahani at the Department of Neurology at the Virchow campus in Berlin, Germany have examined a man who has lost all of his memories but has retained his ability to remember and learn songs."

27 of 94 comments (clear)

  1. Research Paper Reference Link by pinkushun · · Score: 4, Informative
  2. Psychological trauma by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I'd be curious to find out how psychological trauma affects music memory. Nothing fucks with memory worse than severe psychological trauma other than traumatic brain injuries). One of the reasons, as far as I understand, that psychological trauma affects memory is because adrenaline and cortisol are hormones used to form flashbulb memories. People who are traumatized often produce these hormones for longer durations and this damages the brain. If people who have psychologically caused memory loss can still form memories of music normally, that would imply that adrenaline and cortisol don't have an impact. It would also imply that music can't form flashbulb memories.

    On a practical note, this might also imply that sound memories (like the sound of a gunshot or the words someone spoke in a violent confrontation) are less useful in court if they can't form flashbulb memories.

  3. Re:sigh by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    If you understood why that was then maybe you wouldn't sigh.

    We pretty much rely on people with borked bits of grey matter for pretty much everything we know about the brain. That is to say, to understand the whole we have to understand how all the parts work together, which means looking at the parts in isolation, which means looking at people who have parts of their brain that are swithced off.

    Unless you're advocating labotomising a load of people with the hopes of raising the statistical significance...

  4. Re:sigh by oodaloop · · Score: 4, Interesting

    This is much more prevalent than one guy. Stroke victims who can't talk can often sing. So when they want to say something, they can simply say it to some made-up tune.

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  5. The Original Work by hutsell · · Score: 5, Informative

    The Summary links to a (somewhat useful) fluff review by the Medical Daily Web Site (and will hit the visitor with 37 cookies). Fwiw, readers at Slashdot may prefer bypassing it by going the Cell's Current Biology Web Site where they'll be able to find the Authors' Original Summary or perhaps the Full Text instead.

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  6. Re:sigh by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Unless you're advocating labotomising a load of people with the hopes of raising the statistical significance...

    Screw statistical significance, this is obviously a source of unauthorized copies of musical compositions without compensation to the rights holders!

    BURN IT OUT.

  7. Might be something by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    My grandfather has very advanced Alzheimers. He's been to the point for a while where he can't recognize family and doesn't have much to say about anything. However, in the 40's & 50's, he was a musician (played harmonica in a jazz-standards harmonica band). Through the 80's & 90's, he had a recording studio in his house and kept his music alive through multitracking himself. He definitely built his music into parts of his brain that haven't been ravaged by the disease.

    Given a harmonica, he can bring back those songs, almost note-perfect.

    I've also wondered if it's possible that music (or the ability to play) gets pushed into some sort of muscle memory rather than memory in the brain. As a musician myself, I know I can think about other things as I play things that are super-well-rehearsed. My fingers just somehow find the right notes.

    1. Re:Might be something by Ragzouken · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I wonder if you could prepare yourself for Alzheimers by writing and learning songs about all your important memories

    2. Re:Might be something by frenchbedroom · · Score: 4, Interesting

      It's not "muscle memory", it's procedural memory, and it really comes from the brain! There's nothing magical about playing your tune and thinking of something else, without being conscious of what your fingers do. We all do lots of things without being conscious of every minute movement required.

      Like walking to work. You don't have to vividly recall the way, you don't need to pay a constant, conscious attention to your surroundings. You just think about something else, and your feet and eyes (or walking stick if you're blind) relay the necessary information to your reptilian brain to run the procedure. You step out of your home and before you realize it, you're at your desk. Just as your fingers "somehow find the right notes", your legs somehow transport you to work.

      Procedural memory is much more robust than "normal" memory. That's why Alzheimer's patients still know how to walk, take a shower, wipe their ass, do a triple jump, or dance the lambada. There's nothing surprising about them being able to play music, except for non-musicians or people who have tried learning an instrument, and who haven't got to the stage where what is learnt is pushed back in procedural memory.

      Notice how sometimes, you make a mistake in your tune, and you can't remember for shit how the next part goes, unless you take it from the top ? That's the tell-tale sign your tune is in procedural memory : it's great because it allows you to think of something else, but it sucks when you make a mistake because procedural memory is "read" in sequences only. That's why it's good to rehearse your tunes by starting at an arbitrary point, so you have multiple points of entry to the same procedural sequence.

    3. Re:Might be something by ryanw · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I wonder if you could prepare yourself for Alzheimers by writing and learning songs about all your important memories

      I wonder if you could prepare yourself for Alzheimers by writing and learning songs about all your important memories

      That reminds me of what the north American Indians had done. I would imagine there are songs of ancient time passed along due to this type of memory being the most protected.

      Makes you wonder if there is something to the notion of singing angel references in the bible and why people sing in churches.

      I have always found it so fascinating at how prevalent music is in our culture and profound an impact music has made on our history and makes up "who we are". Just about every kid in America is defined by a band or song or type of music. Just about every era is depicted by a musical theme.

      It is almost completely correlated of advancements in music relate to advancements in technology.

      Interesting.

    4. Re:Might be something by 68kmac · · Score: 2

      That reminds me of what the north American Indians had done. I would imagine there are songs of ancient time passed along due to this type of memory being the most protected.

      Hmm. That made me think of Songlines.

    5. Re:Might be something by jpapon · · Score: 2

      It's theorized that song developed originally for exactly that purpose, to help with recall before the advent of writing.

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      -- Let us endeavor so to live that when we pass even the undertaker shall be sorry. -- M. Twain
    6. Re:Might be something by gstoddart · · Score: 2

      It's not "muscle memory", it's procedural memory, and it really comes from the brain! There's nothing magical about playing your tune and thinking of something else, without being conscious of what your fingers do. We all do lots of things without being conscious of every minute movement required.

      As I said elsewhere in this thread, you should read Musicophilia by Oliver Sacks.

      It's not a procedural memory thing, it's that different parts of the brain structures are actually involved in music than simple memory. It uses a wider set of brain structures, and isn't quite as localized. There's more aspects of the brain that participate here.

      In many cases, even if the person wasn't a musician, songs from their youth and other music associations still linger. So someone who is almost completely uncommunicative will perk up and respond to music, and in some cases even sing along when they can't really do much else.

      I realize we on Slashdot like to think we can explain most of this stuff with our vast knowledge of such things, but I believe your explanation is a bit simplified. It doesn't even begin to cover all of the cases in which people have been able to demonstrate that, even in the face of actual structural damage to the brain (like a stroke), music still resonates with us. It's not simply that you've learned the procedure from repeated practice. It's that a whole lot more of your brain is involved than the parts that are primarily used for language.

      It's actually a fascinating read, written by a neurologist, and shows a lot of cases with really interesting results. As it goes through a bunch of cases, it highlights how they are different from one another and shows a lot of the commonalities.

      I believe ultimately there is some belief that language evolved from music instead of the other way around. It would seem that people for whom music plays a big part in their life get some lasting benefit from it.

      But, then again, I'm not a neuroscientist either. :-P

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    7. Re:Might be something by modecx · · Score: 2

      Humpback whales. I'm not sure the line between vocal communication (what we'd call speech) or music can be drawn clearly, if at all, but during mating season male humpback whales 'sing' in patterns that seem to have measures, notes and patterns to we humans, and all of the males in a given locality sing roughly the same song, which varies over time, and doesn't necessarily repeat between seasons, kind of like improvisational song of a jam band.

      P.S. I propose that humpback whales henceforth be known as the "hippies of the sea"

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  8. Text by Lord+Lode · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Does this mean you store text in non-song form in a different location than text in song-form?

    Since that looks like a binary decision: how much melody is required for the sudden switch from the one storage location to the other?

    1. Re:Text by c0lo · · Score: 2

      Brains operate using strings of binary pulses. The frequency is important, yes, but it's still a binary encoding. A neuron fires, or it doesn't.

      No it is not a binary encoding.
      The fact that is using a rectangular wave for the transport carrier is irrelevant - the encoding of the transport/processing is done by frequency encoding.
      For storage, it is the activation threshold of the synapses that is important, and the threshold is again not binary.

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  9. Re:sigh by Knuckles · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Reminds me of Scott Adam's Spasmodic Dysphonia, and how he could not speak normally, but sing and speak in rhyme. http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/scott_adams_fixes_own_brain_can_now_speak/
    It's a different disease, but similar in the way that music is treated different by the brain.

    --
    "When I first heard Daydream Nation it quite frankly scared the living shit out of me." -- Matthew Stearns
  10. Doesn't surprise me at all. by locofungus · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I have always been able to memorize plays or poetry with almost effortless ease. In fact in my acting days at school I often knew pretty much all the words of all the parts (except for the acts/scenes that I was not involved in rehearsing) and I can still quote vast tracts of plays that I've not re-read for 20 years.

    I also play the piano. Playing that from memory is a herculean effort with hours and hours of repetitive work required to get anything to stick. It also doesn't take very long for me to forget again unless I regularly play through something and I can get sudden blank moments when playing through something that I've played through dozens of times before without a problem. It's also not stress related as it happens regardless of whether I'm playing with someone else listening.

    Tim.

    --
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    1. Re:Doesn't surprise me at all. by O('_')O_Bush · · Score: 2

      I've found similar quirks. Almost perfect encyclopedic knowledge on many things, including melodies, but I've never been able to sing through a verse of a song without either blanking out or missing/ mixing words.

      I play cello and the mandolin, and struggle similarly when playing. I know what notes should be there, but it takes hours to work through small sections of song to get them to be consistently correct, and then that only lasts for a couple days before I need to start over.

      Mnemonic schemes for remembering almost always make things worse than just remembering what the scheme represents. Different people use their brains differently, for sure.

      --
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    2. Re:Doesn't surprise me at all. by EspressoBeans · · Score: 2

      I play the piano as well, and the "muscle memory" is almost scripted. I can only start from the beginning, and I couldn't tell you what notes I'm playing or where I am in the music. If I'm interrupted, I can't pick up where I left off--I have to start over again. The battle isn't accessing the music memory, it's turning off the conscious brain because it only gets in the way.

  11. Good news everyone! by Fixer40000 · · Score: 2

    Now that the RIAA has located the parts of the brain where copyrighted music is stored. You can now be assured that no starving record artists will go hungry because evil heartless souls have copied their artistic efforts into their memory and are playing them back without paying.

    A government sanctioned brain scan will discover any music stored within the grey matter and charge the owner of said brain the correct licensing fees.

    Those unwilling to pay will be directed to sit in the red chair for removal of copyrighted material.

  12. Re:sigh by EspressoBeans · · Score: 2

    Music/Singing also helps people with a stutter.

  13. This is hardly new ... by gstoddart · · Score: 2

    This isn't new, and it's been well known for years.

    Read the book Musicophilia. There's literally dozens of cases in which people can no longer really communicate or otherwise have some diminished mental capacity, but they respond to music by either singing or playing. That part of the brain seems intact.

    Heck, this might even be one of the cases in that book. But he's a professor of neurology, and I believe that was published in 2007.

    I don't believe this is a new theory, and it certainly isn't the first time someone has demonstrated this. Given how long I've known this, I'm surprised this is being touted as a first time we've confirmed this.

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    Lost at C:>. Found at C.
  14. Re:sigh by dpilot · · Score: 3, Informative

    You mean like Mel Tillis...
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Tillis

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    The living have better things to do than to continue hating the dead.
  15. Re:sigh by rwise2112 · · Score: 2

    This is much more prevalent than one guy. Stroke victims who can't talk can often sing. So when they want to say something, they can simply say it to some made-up tune.

    Ah! Like Ozzy Osbourne!

    --

    "For every expert, there is an equal and opposite expert"
  16. Re:sigh by ColdWetDog · · Score: 2

    Unless you're advocating labotomising a load of people with the hopes of raising the statistical significance...

    Lawyers and Politicians! We've got lots of extras.

    We'll even ship them to you.

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  17. Not Particularly Related... by CFTM · · Score: 2

    But it is /. so I'm sure y'all will forgive my divergence from topic at hand.

    Music holds a particularly unique place in my life, and this may be the same for others; I can pick a track that I listened to from any period of my life and it literally takes me back to the emotional state I was in during that period of life.

    Throw on some Tool or Bush and all I've sudden the "how I felt" in my teen years come flooding back to me.

    Throw on some tunes from college, same thing.

    It's a fascinating phenomenon and obviously it's all anecdotal. I wouldn't be surprised if it's related to how I listen to music; I'll listen to the same CD for six to eight months at a time and then I'll pick a new one and listen to that one for long period of time.