Slashdot Mirror
Function of 80% of the Human Genome Charted
ananyo writes "In what is likely to be a historic moment in science, ENCODE, the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements, has published 30 papers in Nature, Genome Research and Genome Biology today, assigning some sort of function to roughly 80% of the genome, including more than 70,000 'promoter' regions — the sites, just upstream of genes, where proteins bind to control gene expression — and nearly 400,000 'enhancer' regions that regulate expression of distant genes. The project was designed to pick up where the Human Genome Project left off. Although that massive effort revealed the blueprint of human biology, it quickly became clear that the instruction manual for reading the blueprint was sketchy at best. Researchers could identify in its 3 billion letters many of the regions that code for proteins, but those make up little more than 1% of the genome, contained in around 20,000 genes. ENCODE, which started in 2003, aims to catalog the 'functional' DNA sequences between genes, learn when and in which cells they are active and trace their effects on how the genome is packaged, regulated and read. Nature has set up an ENCODE site with an explorer, that groups the papers by topic, and collects all the papers, which are available free."
This is probably the single-most important factor in determining whether or not we'll see "personalized medicine" within the next 50 years. The fact that a company owns a patent on the idea of testing the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes for breast cancer susceptibility is absurd.
It's also got fairly good licensing terms - I mean the OS can be replicated (it is billions of times - once for ever cell), and the OS can make copies of itself (mitosis), and even end up altering itself through random changes (mutations).
A virus only infects one cell to duplicate itself - all the other uninfected cells have their own copy. The antivirus system basically works by killing infected cells.
So all in all, an interesting OS - security worse than Windows (i.e., none at all - just random strings of genetic code can alter the OS - you don't neve need root! just physical access!), yet it really works by sheer number of copies.