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To Encourage Biking, Lose the Helmets

Hugh Pickens writes in about the detrimental effects of mandatory helmet laws (at least as applied to adults): "Elisabeth Rosenthal writes that in the United States the notion that bike helmets promote health and safety by preventing head injuries is taken as pretty near God's truth but many European health experts have taken a very different view. 'Yes, there are studies that show that if you fall off a bicycle at a certain speed and hit your head, a helmet can reduce your risk of serious head injury,' writes Rosenthal. 'But such falls off bikes are rare — exceedingly so in mature urban cycling systems.' On the other hand, many researchers say, if you force people to wear helmets, you discourage them from riding bicycles causing more health problems like obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. Bicycling advocates say that the problem with pushing helmets isn't practicality but that helmets make a basically safe activity seem really dangerous, which makes it harder to develop a safe bicycling network like the one in New York City, where a bike-sharing program is to open next year. The safest biking cities are places like Amsterdam and Copenhagen, where middle-aged commuters are mainstay riders and the fraction of adults in helmets is minuscule. 'Pushing helmets really kills cycling and bike-sharing in particular because it promotes a sense of danger that just isn't justified — in fact, cycling has many health benefits,' says Piet de Jong. 'Statistically, if we wear helmets for cycling, maybe we should wear helmets when we climb ladders or get into a bath, because there are lots more injuries during those activities.'"

32 of 1,651 comments (clear)

  1. But that's not the real problem. by mosb1000 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The real problem is that I'm an adult and I can decide for myself whether or not I will wear a helmet. The government doesn't need to make this decision for me.

    1. Re:But that's not the real problem. by L4t3r4lu5 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      No, the real problem is cyclists are small and drivers aren't given enough experience when learning to drive to identify small targets; They learn that pedestrian-sized obstacles are on pavements.

      Cyclists should wear helmets because it can save their life if hit by a car, not to stop a bruise when they fall over at traffic lights because their fancy shoes didn't unclip.

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    2. Re:But that's not the real problem. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      and then society has to pay higher hospital bills and health insurance to pay for your health care as you live the rest of your post-car-crash life as a vegetable. So yes, society does have a material interest in having you not act like an idiot.

      same goes for smoking, seat belts, and suicide. you're being selfish if you just think its only about you.

    3. Re:But that's not the real problem. by CodeheadUK · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Agreed.

      I've cycled to work for over 20 years and never worn a helmet. In that time, I've been knocked off twice by stupid car drivers. A helmet would have made no difference at all on either occasion.

      However, I make my kids wear helmets because they wobble around at low speed and have no road sense. When they're old enough they can make an informed choice too.

    4. Re:But that's not the real problem. by dingen · · Score: 4, Insightful

      You realize that is just a temporary problem which doesn't need a permanent fix? If you ditch the need for helmets, more people would start cycling, which will make motorists more aware of them. It might take a generation to get fully adjusted, but there are lots of European countries where drivers are fully used to having to watch out for people riding bicycles (and small scooters by the way).

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    5. Re:But that's not the real problem. by mwvdlee · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Then perhaps US drivers should get the same type of driving instructions given in, say, Amsterdam and Copenhagen.

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    6. Re:But that's not the real problem. by xaxa · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The difference in countries that don't have mandatory helmet laws is that there is already a culture of people sharing the footpath/sidewalk with bicycles. So it is alright for people to ride around at medium speed. If you live in a country that doesn't have this sort of culture then you are screwed! You have to share the road with cars. This makes wearing a helmet mandatory.

      You don't know what you're writing about.

      Plenty of European cyclists use the road for some or all of their journeys, yet helmets are not mandatory (except for children, in some countries).

      Australia has mandatory helmets, and very low levels of cycling to go with it.

    7. Re:But that's not the real problem. by dingen · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Cycling will never become mainstream while helmet laws are enforced. In none of the countries where cycling is common it is required to where helmets and in every country where helmets are mandatory, cycling isn't very popular.

      So lose the helmets and learn to drive. It's the only way.

      I do agree with the bike lanes, but that's really an added extra, not a substitute for the above.

      And why is it such a problem to have to sit through a generation to profoundly improve something? The lack of long term solutions is exactly what is wrong with the world. Everyone wants everything now and that's just not feasible. The reality is that short term solutions generally make things worse in the long term, not better.

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    8. Re:But that's not the real problem. by Joce640k · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Did you miss the bit in the summary about cycling saving money by making people healthier?

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    9. Re:But that's not the real problem. by deoxyribonucleose · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Agreed.

      I've cycled to work for over 20 years and never worn a helmet. In that time, I've been knocked off twice by stupid car drivers. A helmet would have made no difference at all on either occasion.

      Of course, had you hit your head, you probably wouldn't be posting this. The anthropic principle as applied to safety... or why anecdotal evidence is a contradiction in terms.

      I used to bike helmetless everywhere, but started wearing one five years ago, since I feel safer if my wife does, and don't want to be a hypocrite. It's not that high price to pay for a slightly reduced risk. Mandatory helmet laws, however, are counterproductive. I seem to recall a similar analysis a couple of years back.

    10. Re:But that's not the real problem. by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 5, Insightful

      "If you ditch the need for helmets, more people would start cycling"

      I simply don't believe this.

      I don't know a single person that doesn't bike because they have to wear a helmet. And I suspect anyone that reports such is just looking for a socially acceptable reason for their lack of exercise.

      "You realize that is just a temporary problem"

      So we'll just let people get hit by cars until the cars stop being dumb?

      Great plan. I've been waiting 100 years for that to happen. Maybe Google will finally solve it.

    11. Re:But that's not the real problem. by dingen · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I do believe that removing unneeded hassles, people will be more inclined to do something. In countries where cycling is common (Denmark, the Netherlands, Japan) people regard riding a bicycle as common as taking a walk. Would you walk as much if you had to wear a helmet?

      And in these same countries where cycling is common, cyclists aren't hit by cars at all on a large scale. How could that be? Could it be those people are actually smarter or better at driving, or does it make more sense to assume these motorists are simply used to having cyclists on the road? And if they can become used to it, why couldn't people in other countries as well?

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    12. Re:But that's not the real problem. by Alioth · · Score: 5, Insightful

      If having to slow down for a few moments to safely pass a bicycle makes you border on psychotic rage, you aren't fit to be driving a car.

    13. Re:But that's not the real problem. by Razgorov+Prikazka · · Score: 4, Insightful

      > In none of the countries where cycling is common it is required to where helmets and in every country where helmets are mandatory, cycling isn't very popular.

      This is a correlation, not necessarily a causality.
      There is (for example) also the cultural difference to take into account. In (large parts of) Yurp nearly everyone had a bicycle, long before cars were common. So drivers were (from the beginning, say the 30's onwards) used to have cyclists and little mopeds / scooters sharing their road. In the US this was different.

      Besides, I wonder if regulation alone would discourage people. Are there less people using a car since seatbelts and/or head restraints became mandatory?
      Although I must say that mandatory helmets would make me sell my bike (and I am a vivid cyclist)! FU to anyone trying to shove that down my throat!

      To grandparent:
      >> It might take a generation to get fully adjusted [...]

      I HOPE NOT!!! First of all a good driver is one who anticipates on all kind of situations. Besides, if a school is build somewhere (and there is the possibility of children darting off onto the road)... and it takes a whole generation before drivers are adjusted to the new situation in the neighbourhood... mmmnot so good!

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    14. Re:But that's not the real problem. by Hadlock · · Score: 5, Insightful

      If you ditch the need for helmets, more people would start cycling,

      No, if Walmart, Target and Toys'R'Us would stop selling 900 variety of mountain bikes and more road/commuter bikes, more people would start cycling. The problem is that you get a crappy mountain bike with terrible fat high rolling resistance tires that roll to a stop in about 20 ft. You put up with it as a kid because hey - at least you can go more than three blocks from the house in an hour. It's not like you can drive. Americans grow up thinking that bicycles are these awful, miserable mechanical contraptions designed to wear out childen. Most Americans have never ridden a proper bicycle with smooth tires and geometry designed to go more than five miles. Walmart and Target both only sell one road bike, it's that awful yellow GMC Yukon with the grip shifters (go look at it some time, it's in every big box store in america) and occasionally, very recently they have started carrying some "fixie" bikes.
       
      Put real, rideable bikes back in big box stores and you'll see a resurgence in bicycle commters... in about 15 years. I see tons of illegal immigrants huffing and puffing around Dallas on walmart brand (Nexus, Magma) mountain bikes, simply because they can't find adult road bikes that fit their smaller stature. If you head over to your LBS you can find good road bikes, but joe average doesn't typically drop $600 on a road bike for little jimmy who is going to outgrow it anyways.

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    15. Re:But that's not the real problem. by LoztInSpace · · Score: 5, Insightful

      WTF? You do not need to carry your helmet anywhere you don't carry your bike. I lock up my helmet with my bike. If I'm on the bike I have the helmet on. If I'm in the bar/restaurant/shopping centre/office/cinema/swimming pool/squash court/supermarket/KFC/whatever, I don't.
      Same way I don't carry my airbag with me when I park the car.

    16. Re:But that's not the real problem. by HanzoSpam · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Bullshit.

      Cycling was as common when I was a kid as it is now. But cycle helmets were not mandatory then. By your logic, cycling should have got less popular over time. It hasnt.

      Where I live (US), it's certainly less popular. When I was a kid, people, and mostly other kids, would cycle everywhere. Every kid I knew had a bicycle, and it was their primary form of transportation. Now, I rarely see someone cycling, and when I do, it's usually an adult, and usually on a designated bike trail, not on the streets or sidewalks.

      That's not just an anecdotal observation on my part either. I no longer see bike racks installed for parking bikes near schools or stores anymore, they used to be common. If you watch any old children's TV shows from the '50s or '60s, you can see how ingrained the bicycle was in the culture (almost as common as smoking!).

      Of course, in those days when you wanted to ride your bike, you just jumped on it and off you went. If we'd had to dress up like quarterbacks every time we wanted to run to the store or a friend's house, we probably would have lost our taste for bicycling, too.

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    17. Re:But that's not the real problem. by drooling-dog · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I've also had a couple of biking accidents where my helmet didn't play a role, but if you get thrown from your bike it's not hard to see that your head is extremely vulnerable. My GF works with traumatic brain injury patients at a local hospital, and words can hardly describe how devastating these injuries can be, or how instantly your life can change forever. So other people can do what they want, but I'm not going out biking without the helmet. It takes all of 5 seconds.

    18. Re:But that's not the real problem. by MasterOfGoingFaster · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I don't know a single person that doesn't bike because they have to wear a helmet.

      You don't know ANY women?

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    19. Re:But that's not the real problem. by Electricity+Likes+Me · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Where I live (US), it's certainly less popular. When I was a kid, people, and mostly other kids, would cycle everywhere. Every kid I knew had a bicycle, and it was their primary form of transportation. Now, I rarely see someone cycling, and when I do, it's usually an adult, and usually on a designated bike trail, not on the streets or sidewalks.

      That's not just an anecdotal observation on my part either. I no longer see bike racks installed for parking bikes near schools or stores anymore, they used to be common. If you watch any old children's TV shows from the '50s or '60s, you can see how ingrained the bicycle was in the culture (almost as common as smoking!).

      Of course, in those days when you wanted to ride your bike, you just jumped on it and off you went. If we'd had to dress up like quarterbacks every time we wanted to run to the store or a friend's house, we probably would have lost our taste for bicycling, too.

      When I was a kid we cycled everywhere, and helmets were mandatory. People seemed to ride bikes everywhere, because we all kids and legally allowed to ride on the footpath. The exact day I stopped cycling was at the age this became illegal - 12.

      This helmet thing is complete stupidity being perpetrated by people who should know better. What we need is good, separated cycling infrastructure - the sidewalk felt safe. Being on the road has never felt safe.

    20. Re:But that's not the real problem. by richlv · · Score: 5, Insightful

      if i'm reading that right, a helmet would have not helped you in any way, though. your face would still be as unprotected as without a helmet

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    21. Re:But that's not the real problem. by nine-times · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Here's the problem with your example: You could injure yourself crossing the street, too. You could trip and fall. You could get hit by a car. Your story could have just as easily been about when you tripped and fell down the stairs and hit your head on a radiator.

      Does that mean we should wear protective gear everywhere at all times? Or could we maybe accept that life isn't a completely safe activity?

    22. Re:But that's not the real problem. by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That's because the Japanese AREN'T ASSHOLES! It's a major part of their culture, being packed on a tiny island. They developed a concept that roughly equates to "don't annoy other people." In the US, we let kids run around in supermarkets throwing shit around.

    23. Re:But that's not the real problem. by Cinder6 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I really question whether helmets are the main reason people don't ride (no, I did not RTFA). Many states (almost half, I believe) don't require helmet use after 18. Three other reasons seem more likely:

      1. You are more exposed to the elements (extreme heat, extreme cold, rain, etc.)
      2. You are going shopping, and need more storage space than a backpack or basket
      3. You are too damned lazy

      I've worked (and previously lived) in a university town that bills itself as the "bike capital of the world", apparently never having heard of Amsterdam. In a given day, I will pass around a dozen bicyclists while driving to work. More than half don't wear helmets. The thing I've noticed is that the people who don't wear helmets are precisely the ones that should, as they tend to act like blithering idiots.

      I cannot count the number of times I've seen a helmetless rider race through a busy intersection out-of-turn. Even more alarming, I can't count the number of times I've had to swerve to avoid a bicyclist who, at night on a street without street lights, decided it was a great idea to dart in front of my car without even a light or reflectors (my brother actually hit someone that did this; luckily, the guy wasn't hurt and didn't press charges).

      Riders that wear helmets, on the other hand, tend to be much more courteous. They wait their turn at intersections and generally follow the law better than those who don't wear them. For myself, I wear a helmet simply because I don't see a reason not to. It's like seat belts in cars. I'd rather wear a helmet and not need it than not wear one and need it.

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  2. Can't agree more by dargaud · · Score: 4, Insightful
    If you fall by yourself off a bike (losing grip too fast in a curve, hitting the side of a sidewalk), you are more likely to injure your wrists or scrape your legs. There won't be much difference for the head. But if you get hit by a car, a cm of Styrofoam is not going to make much of a difference. And I say this as someone who wears a helmet mountain biking and takes it off on the bike lanes.

    The US is absurd: you don't have to wear a helmet on a motorbike, but you need one on a pedal bike ?!?

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    1. Re:Can't agree more by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      And a motorcycle helmet actually illustrates your point really well. To make "being hit by a car" OK on a pedal bicycle you would need a motorcyle style helmet, but obviously no-one is going to wear one of those to ride a bike, they're heavy and awkward and expensive. So they have these smaller, lighter helmets. And they're certified, they have logos on and everything. But wait, what are they certified for?

      Well they're certified for falling off the bike and hitting your head on the ground. Low speed impact simulated by a device that thumps the helmet. No crash dummies, no tonne of steel crashing into the cyclist, just a small metal piston and a guy with a clipboard. And those sort of impacts do happen... if you're five and still learning to ride, or if you're a BMX stunt cyclist, or maybe if you're mountain biking. But does it happen on the roads? Not really. No, on the roads what happens is that cyclists get mown down by inatttentive drivers turning across their path, or they ride into a suddenly opened car door, that sort of thing and the helmet doesn't do shit. So why bother with it?

  3. Re:It's called a bike path. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    "car's part of the road" ???

    This is a mistake. Where does it say the road belongs to cars?

  4. Driver's education by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    In The Netherlands, part of the success is in the fact that sharing the road with bicycles is considered an important part of driver education (and has been for a long time). In cities with (almost) all bicycle lanes separate from the main road, no driving exams are done (example: Almere, the 6th city of the Netherlands has no possibility to do driving exams). Any mistake where a bicyclist is not given the space and care (s)he deserves results in failing the exam, so this part is taken very seriously. In additions, drivers are always held responsible in accidents invoolving bicycles.

    As a result, car drivers are very careful around bicyclists and they need not wear helmets. Cycling is considered safe. These factors make more people want to use the bicycle.

  5. Coase costs and the interface between cars/bikes by hughbar · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I ride a bike in London, don't own a car and am in my 60s, to declare interest. I don't wear a helmet and am unwilling to do so.

    The arguments that I citing in the heading are summarised here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Problem_of_Social_Cost that is, neither car nor bike is particularly 'wrong' about any of this. The best thing [that we don't really have in London] is safe bike lanes.

    However there's also more economics that probably shows that safety features make activities more unsafe by making the operators more reckless: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Peltzman the younger bikers who run lights seem to prove this.

    Finally I like to appear as a soft, helmetless pink squishy thing with white hair, I suspect these signals make motorists more careful around me. But, for certain, the debate tends to be emotion rather than reason and statistics.

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  6. Re:Correlation by hoboroadie · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I find the dents and gouges in my helmet to be pretty compelling evidence of injuries and pain that didn't occur.
    YMMV, Science Guy.

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  7. So wrong by istartedi · · Score: 5, Insightful

    These box stores sell what customers want. The problem with cycling for most of us is that RACERS KILLED IT:

    1. We don't want toe clips. 2. We don't want handlebars that force you to hunch over. 3. We don't want tires that will go out of true after 200 miles on potholed roads. 4. We don't want to spend any more than $500. 5. Steel is fine. Really. Sturdiness is hella more important than saving a few blasted kg. Yes. I said kg. Not grams. 6. We want a seat you can actually sit on..

    Anyway, you see a lot of steel cruisers here with fat tires (but they are slick usually), wide handlebars, steel frames, and AFAIK most have on gear but they have handle brakes. People don't want overpricd finicky racing machines that cost as much as a car. We're not Lance Armstrong.

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  8. Public roads were demanded by cyclists by bigtrike · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Do you even know any drivers who attempt to not exceed posted speed limits on roads by 5-10mph? This may be anecdotal, but almost all people I've met who bitch about cyclists have a history of rear ending other drivers and causing accidents, meaning they are terrible drivers.

    You want cyclists to respect cars? Start by respecting the traffic laws. This works both ways.

    Further, roads were originally built for cyclists: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Roads_Movement