Super Bacteria Create Gold

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Posted by Soulskill on Tuesday October 2, 2012 @10:52AM from the thar-be-gold-in-them-bacteriums dept.

SchrodingerZ writes "With the price of gold skyrocketing in today's market, Michigan State University researchers have discovered a bacterium that can withstand high toxicity levels that are necessary to create natural gold. '"Microbial alchemy is what we're doing — transforming gold from something that has no value into a solid, precious metal that's valuable," said Kazem Kashefi, assistant professor of microbiology and molecular genetics.' The bacteria is Cupriavidus metallidurans, which is conditioned to be tolerant to heavy, toxic metals and to be 25 times stronger than most bacteria. When put into gold-chloride (a natural forming toxic liquid), the bacteria reproduces and converts the liquid into a gold nugget. The complete process takes about a week to perform. This experiment is currently on tour as an art exhibit called 'The Great Work of the Metal Lover.'"

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throw out the dictionary, you aren't using it. by Anonymous Coward · 2012-10-02 10:54 · Score: 5, Informative

This bacteria refines gold compounds.
1. Re:throw out the dictionary, you aren't using it. by ClickOnThis · 2012-10-02 11:40 · Score: 5, Informative
  
  Derp. create [kree-eyt] Show IPA verb, created, creating, adjective verb (used with object) 1. to cause to come into being, as something unique that would not naturally evolve or that is not made by ordinary processes. Does gold chloride naturally precipitate into gold?
  The bacterium does not make the gold. It separates it from the gold chloride molecule.
  The only things in the universe that create gold atoms are supernovae. On earth, nuclear transmutation is possible in principle (via particle accelerators, tokamaks, etc.) but I don't think anyone has set up a process to make gold successfully that way.
  
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2. Re:throw out the dictionary, you aren't using it. by Formalin · 2012-10-02 11:47 · Score: 5, Informative
  
  You can turn one of the isotopes of mercury to gold in a reactor, but it is not cost effective, and presumably has some issues (I'd imagine if the mercury was not all the pure isotope, you would get other radioactive products...)
  The bacteria doesn't make gold. correct.
3. Re:throw out the dictionary, you aren't using it. by wierd_w · 2012-10-02 12:25 · Score: 4, Interesting
  
  I have seen videos of people using neutron capture with heavy isotopes of mercury to produce gold in fast breeder reactors as a proof of concept. Wikipedia gives a little information, but I really do remember seeing a demonstration with a teeny vial of centrifuged mercury being installed in the high flux compartment of the reactor, then removed several days later with thin inclusions of gold inside the vial.
  http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthesis_of_precious_metals#section_4
4. Re:throw out the dictionary, you aren't using it. by rubycodez · 2012-10-02 13:22 · Score: 5, Informative
  
  gold from lead was done in the 1950s with particle accelerators, and interestingly the reverse is easier, gold to lead in a fission reactor done by a series of neutron captures followed by beta decays to form the pretty dull grey metal from the ugly shiny yellow one.
Wrong section by cfalcon · 2012-10-02 10:55 · Score: 5, Insightful

Shouldn't we have a Newton up there instead of the Einstein?
This is the alchemy section right?
Misleading headline by DoofusOfDeath · 2012-10-02 10:59 · Score: 5, Informative

They're not creating the element gold from another element, they're extracting it from a compound.
1. Re:Misleading headline by Anonymous Coward · 2012-10-02 11:18 · Score: 4, Insightful
  
  Or the price of gold would plummet, some products that used a lesser alternative due to cost will switch to gold, and people needing a different store of value would just switch to something else. People investing in gold are taking some finite risk that a bunch of gold gets dumped on the market at some point anyways (whether from a new mine, or some previous holder selling).
2. Re:Misleading headline by camperdave · 2012-10-02 11:22 · Score: 5, Funny
  
  This was known to the Illuminati ages ago. Why do you think they ordered the US to get off the gold standard. They knew it would be worthless soon.
  
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3. Re:Misleading headline by ceoyoyo · 2012-10-02 11:23 · Score: 5, Informative
  
  Gold Chloride is not naturally occurring and expensive to make. If you managed to get hold of some gold chloride and decided for some reason you wanted the gold metal out of it, you could mix it with hydrogen peroxide or pretty much any reducing agent and get gold without having to wait a week. Or you could just heat it up on an ordinary stove (but don't breathe in).
  This is performance art, nothing more.
4. Re:Misleading headline by Anonymous Coward · 2012-10-02 12:38 · Score: 5, Informative
  
  Gold Chloride is not naturally occurring and expensive to make. If you managed to get hold of some gold chloride and decided for some reason you wanted the gold metal out of it, you could mix it with hydrogen peroxide or pretty much any reducing agent and get gold without having to wait a week. Or you could just heat it up on an ordinary stove (but don't breathe in).
  This is performance art, nothing more.
  You are missing the point. Gold Chloride does form naturally. It is in ocean water at levels between 15-75 ppt. Are you going to boil all of the ocean water to extract the gold? Have you heard of bioremediation?
5. Re:Misleading headline by dj245 · 2012-10-02 14:49 · Score: 5, Insightful
  
  Gold Chloride is not naturally occurring and expensive to make. If you managed to get hold of some gold chloride and decided for some reason you wanted the gold metal out of it, you could mix it with hydrogen peroxide or pretty much any reducing agent and get gold without having to wait a week. Or you could just heat it up on an ordinary stove (but don't breathe in).
  This is performance art, nothing more.
  No. It is research, and a terrible headline.
  
  Gold isn't the end goal here. Bacteria that survive in heavy metal solutions are pretty rare. Bacteria that do something useful with those heavy metal solutions are even rarer. The end goal is probably to find and/or create bacteria that can treat large quantities of contaminated water. Water contaminated with other heavy metals like lead, arsenic, etc. Unleashing a heavy-metal leeching bacteria has got to be cheaper than treating a huge quantity of contaminated water. It might take a lot longer, and not be as efficient, but you better believe there is a use and a market for bacteria that can do that. This is just a step along the way.
  
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6. Re:Misleading headline by ceoyoyo · 2012-10-02 15:15 · Score: 4, Informative
  
  Didn't read the article hey? It's possible Kashefi does actual research with these bacteria, using their tolerance for heavy metals, but this ain't it. This is an example of an art professor who wandered into a research lab (maybe, Kashefi doesn't seem to know much about gold either) and created his next art project by putting bacteria to work doing something absolutely useless.
  From the article:
  "He [Kashefi] and Adam Brown, associate professor of electronic art and intermedia, found the metal-tolerant bacteria Cupriavidus metallidurans can grow on massive concentrations of gold chloride" The senior person on the project is a professor of art.
  "the bacteria are at least 25 times stronger than previously reported among scientists, the researchers determined in their art installation, "The Great Work of the Metal Lover," which uses a combination of biotechnology, art and alchemy to turn liquid gold into 24-karat gold."
  "The artwork contains...."
  ""The Great Work of the Metal Lover" uses a living system as a vehicle for artistic exploration...."
  "Using ancient gold illumination techniques, Brown applied 24-karat gold leaf to regions of the prints where a bacterial gold deposit had been identified so that each print contains some of the gold produced in the bioreactor."
  ""This is neo-alchemy. Every part, every detail of the project is a cross between modern microbiology and alchemy," Brown said. "Science tries to explain the phenomenological world. As an artist, I'm trying to create a phenomenon. Art has the ability to push scientific inquiry.""
  ""Art has the ability to probe and question the impact of science in the world, and 'The Great Work of the Metal Lover' speaks directly to the scientific preoccupation while trying to shape and bend biology to our will within the postbiological age," Brown said."
Gold-chloride found in nature? by ZombieBraintrust · 2012-10-02 11:03 · Score: 4, Interesting

gold-chloride (a natural forming toxic liquid),

Where is gold-chloride found in nature? A quick google search and all I could find were descriptions describing gold-chloride as something created in a lab.
1. Re:Gold-chloride found in nature? by Anonymous Coward · 2012-10-02 11:10 · Score: 5, Funny
  
  Yes it's only created in a lab - and it's extremely expensive to create. But this finding will allow gold chloride makers to recoup some of their investment, and once they realize some economies of scale I'm sure they can make a profit.
2. Re:Gold-chloride found in nature? by Grayhand · 2012-10-02 13:02 · Score: 5, Interesting
  
  gold-chloride (a natural forming toxic liquid),
  Where is gold-chloride found in nature? A quick google search and all I could find were descriptions describing gold-chloride as something created in a lab.
  I think this was done as a what if experiment and has no practical use. The point though is if you can create a bacteria that will concentrate gold in either industrial or natural compounds if could be very useful. Right now mercury is the main element used in processing gold ore. Japan started extracting gold from sewage. I thought it was a silly idea until I heard how much they extracted. I'm not sure what the source of the gold is, old fillings wearing or naturally occurring but they did get a respectable amount from the sewage. Most of the world's available gold is actually suspended in seawater. The downside is it costs more to extract it than the gold is worth. Say you develop a bacteria that seeks out and absorbs gold then sinks to the bottom of the tank. You could over time end up with a coating of gold on the tank bottom. A similar process has been developed for removing radioactive elements from drinking water.
Reality TV producers are better than bacteria by PolygamousRanchKid+ · 2012-10-02 11:05 · Score: 5, Funny

They seem to be able to create cash for themselves from shit.

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Seawater by frovingslosh · 2012-10-02 11:15 · Score: 4, Interesting

Wouldn't it make more sense to create bacteria that can extract the gold known to exist in seawater, or some other abundant source, than to come up with this publicity grabbing but overall worthless trick?

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Re:Darn it! by ceoyoyo · 2012-10-02 11:16 · Score: 5, Funny

You thought they'd found bacteria that can do nuclear fusion maybe?
Re:OOGA BOOG by Sardak · 2012-10-02 11:19 · Score: 5, Informative

Interestingly, bacteria is the plural form of bacterium, so there's nothing really wrong in the sense you imply. I'm more concerned with the fact that they're apparently not actually creating gold.
Not really practical by ortholattice · 2012-10-02 11:20 · Score: 5, Informative

Gold chloride isn't exactly of "no value" - it is more expensive than the gold it contains (about $100 per gram of gold content). And bacteria aren't needed; from the wiki article it appears that simply temperature-cycling it betwen >160C and >420C a few times will remove the chlorine and leave pure gold. In short, the purpose of this project is artistic and/or political, possibly biologically interesting, but not necessarily of practical value.
SHIT GOLD BRICKS by Jeremiah+Cornelius · 2012-10-02 11:21 · Score: 5, Funny

For fun and profit.

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1. Re:SHIT GOLD BRICKS by Obfuscant · 2012-10-02 11:45 · Score: 5, Funny
  
  And the goose in my backyard. Until I cut him open to get all the gold out.
F*cking alchemists how do THEY work? by poity · 2012-10-02 11:43 · Score: 5, Funny

And I don't wanna ask a scientist. Y'all mothafuckas lying, and gettin' me pissed!

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Slow News Day or WHAT? by Crypto+Gnome · 2012-10-02 13:25 · Score: 4, Informative

or perhaps we just need to fire the current squadron of editors?

original article Here (NB from 2009) in which Australian scientists discover the gold-nugget-forming action of this bacteria.

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Not illuminating by mattr · 2012-10-02 14:40 · Score: 4, Informative

This is a confusing press release. From what I can gather, this bacterium, which has already been discovered decades ago and its genome fully sequenced, was found 3 years ago to reduce toxic gold compounds into metallic gold. The MSU team fed higher concentration gold solution and this created spherical metallic gold "nuggets" around 30 microns up to 1.2 mm in size. The art exhibition which is pretty distracting from the original scientific research, of which it appears there was some, plays on the themes of alchemy and illuminated manuscripts.
Unfortunately the explanation of the cool scientific part is completely overshadowed and twisted by the art exhibition! That is really annoying. Art exhibitions made by or in collaboration with scientists are often interesting but this announcement of research and an art exhibition at the same time means that factually incorrect words are helplessly mixed in with fact, making everything cloudy. It may seem romantic but it really is a bad idea to do that. In fact the only place alchemy really happens that we know of is in a nuclear reaction, which this is not.
ScienceDaily (Oct. 9, 2009) — Australian scientists have found that the bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans catalyses the biomineralisation of gold by transforming toxic gold compounds to their metallic form using active cellular mechanism.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091007103034.htm
The bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans strain CH34, originally isolated by us in 1976 from a metal processing factory, is considered a major model organism in this field because it withstands milli-molar range concentrations of over 20 different heavy metal ions. This tolerance is mostly achieved by rapid ion efflux but also by metal-complexation and -reduction.
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi/10.1371/journal.pone.0010433