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The Tech Behind Felix Baumgartner's Stratospheric Skydive

MrSeb writes "Felix Baumgartner has successfully completed his stratospheric skydive from 128,000 feet (39km), breaking a record that was set 52 years ago by Air Force Captain Joe Kittinger — that much we know. From the balloon, to the capsule, to the gear that Baumgartner wore during his 730 mph (1174 kph) free fall, the technology behind the scenes is impressive, and in some cases bleeding edge. ExtremeTech takes a deep dive into the tech that kept Baumgartner alive during the three-hour ascent and (much shorter) descent — and the tech that allowed us to watch every moment of the Red Bull Stratos mission live, as captured by no less than 15 digital cameras and numerous other scientific instruments."

28 of 109 comments (clear)

  1. Tech Fell behind by LinuxIsGarbage · · Score: 2

    I initially thought this said "The tech fell behind". As in Youtube collapsing in the middle.

    1. Re:Tech Fell behind by rHBa · · Score: 5, Informative

      Did you read abou this on Fox News by any chance? You obviously didn't watch the actual footage.

      Felix stabilised the spin manually WELL before deploying his parachute.

      They had a drogue chute ready to help stabilise the spin if it was required but he didn't use it because it could have prevented him from reaching Mach speed.

      If he HAD deployed his main parachute while in an uncontrollable spin it is VERY UNLIKELY that it would have deployed properly, much more likely he would have remained in a spin, not so fast but with his body mass further away from the centre of rotation and hence still massive G forces.

    2. Re:Tech Fell behind by kaiser423 · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Yes, it was. At those altitudes, the only thing to prevent spins would be a gas reaction system like satellites use. Aka, vent gas out of pressurized bottles to counter-act unwanted spin. Having those on his suit would have added a ton of weight, and precluded him wanting to do this in just a pressure suit. There's no air or anything to allow him to do it himself. That's why when he jumped, he tried to be as still as possible. Even while spinning, the idea was not to move or react. Just wait until you hit enough atmosphere that you can move your body to stabilize yourself with the drag. When he started tumbling, I was screaming for him to hit the atmosphere and be able to stabilize himself. Then he did, and once that happened I knew that he had it nailed.

    3. Re:Tech Fell behind by laejoh · · Score: 2

      Maybe he farted?

  2. One small step for man, one giant leap for ... by mni12 · · Score: 5, Funny

    1. Figure out a cool project
    2. Find a sponsor
    3. Take one step to skydive from 128,000 ft
    4. Profit

    1. Re:One small step for man, one giant leap for ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

      When explaining his motives for joining Red Bull, Joe Kittinger explained that since 1960 he had been getting at least 1 phone call a month from some skydiver who wanted to beat his record and was asking for advice but when he explained to them the logistical challenges they faced they would quickly back off.

  3. Shoot? by Fnord666 · · Score: 4, Funny

    There is a fail-safe which could have deployed the main shoot if he had been moving at more than 115 feet (35 meters) per second at 2,000 feet (610 meters) or less altitude.

    You know, the parashoot. Idiots.

    --
    'The tyrant will always find pretext for his tyranny.' - Aesop's Fables
  4. Re:Too many stories by multiben · · Score: 3, Interesting

    To be fair, they point to different articles which happen to be on the same subject. The first was all about the jump and links so we could watch it, the second is all about the tech behind the jump. Personally I liked both posts. But if I hadn't liked the second post it would only have taken up a few seconds of my day to figure it out.

  5. Not the first by onyxruby · · Score: 4, Informative

    He was not the first to parachute faster than the speed of sound. He was the first to do so voluntarily. Of the first two people to do this, one of them died in the air. Not an easy feat.

  6. They forgot two critical elements by Grayhand · · Score: 2

    The most essential pieces of equipment were a bottle of Jack Daniels and a blindfold.

  7. I wonder what went through his head as he fell by antdah · · Score: 2

    "Hello Ground!" or "oh no, not again"

    I bet it was one of them though.

    1. Re:I wonder what went through his head as he fell by plover · · Score: 2

      "Hello Ground!" or "oh no, not again"

      I bet it was one of them though.

      Initial camera footage of his passing a bowl of petunias was mysteriously erased.

      --
      John
  8. Re:Too many stories by evilviper · · Score: 2, Informative

    Personally I liked both posts. But if I hadn't liked the second post it would only have taken up a few seconds of my day to figure it out.

    You
    have
    seriously
    underestimated
    the
    scope
    of my
    complaint

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  9. Stand by .... by PPH · · Score: 2

    We're getting a report about a balloon-launched capsule coming down on some guy's front lawn.

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
  10. Hydrogen would have gotten him a lot higher by viking80 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Hydrogen would have gotten him a lot higher as the molecular weight is only 1/2 of Helium. Also, it would not have wasted a precious finite resource for little gain.

    --
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    1. Re:Hydrogen would have gotten him a lot higher by justthinkit · · Score: 4, Informative
      OP is right. Here is Wiki's definition of molecular weight -- "The molecular mass (m) is the mass of a molecule."
      .

      A molecule of hydrogen is made up of 2 hydrogen atoms. A molecule of helium is made up of 1 helium atom. "2 times 1" is half of "1 times 4".

      --
      I come here for the love
    2. Re:Hydrogen would have gotten him a lot higher by Zeussy · · Score: 4, Informative

      As both Helium and Hydrogen are much lighter than air, the difference in buoyancy between the 2 is only about 8%

    3. Re:Hydrogen would have gotten him a lot higher by ThatsMyNick · · Score: 3, Interesting

      What makes you think they wanted to go any higher? They infact had to vent out helium, by opening valves, so that they dont go any higher than 128K ft.

    4. Re:Hydrogen would have gotten him a lot higher by Deadstick · · Score: 2

      For a balloon in air, the lifting power of hydrogen is only about 8.6% more than that of helium. Buoyancy depends on the difference in density between the gases inside and outside. The sea-level densities are:

      Air 1.2 kg/m^3
      Hydrogen 0.0899 kg/m^3
      Helium 0.178 kg/m^3

      So the density differences are 1.11 and 1.022 respectively.

      To put it in more concrete terms: If the lifting power of a gas were inversely proportional to its density, a vacuum bottle would lift infinite weight.

  11. Another typo by occasional_dabbler · · Score: 3, Informative

    Just to show I do occasionally RTFA... "...the speed of sound — approximately 690 meters per second..." Not unless the air up there is 911 deg C it aint.

    --
    "Our opponent is an alien starship packed with atomic bombs," I said. "we have a protractor"
  12. Re:Too many stories by PixetaledPikachu · · Score: 4, Informative

    Let's not forget all the Aussie stories plastered over Slashdot whenever certain "editors" are in charge..

    Aussie refers to Australian. Felix is Austrian

  13. Re:833.9 mph actually by udoschuermann · · Score: 4, Informative

    Indeed, during the press conference the following figures were stated at least twice:

    Exit altitude: 128100 ft (39045m) [record]
    Free fall time: 4m 20s
    Free fall distance: 119826 ft (36529m)
    Max velocity: 373 m/s (1342.8 km/h, 833.9 mph, Mach 1.24) [record]

    A third record would be the maximum distance of ascent with a human-occupied balloon, which may exceed the 39045m of exit altitude, as the balloon appeared to descend somewhat before Baumgartner exited. Actually, if the telemetry information displayed on the feed can be trusted then he reached at least 39068m (128177 ft) at the time that he was first sticking his feet out into the open.

    No matter the numbers, this is an impressive achievement!

    --
    --Udo.
  14. Re:Unassisted by plover · · Score: 4, Funny

    ...Captain Charles Yeager became the first man to travel faster than the speed of sound in his X-1 aircraft. Daredevil Felix Baumgartner just became the first man to accomplish the same feat without a plane — or indeed any assistance at all.

    What about gravity?

    Gravity doesn't really exist. It's actually Intelligent Pushing, where an external all-powerful creator stretches his invisible arm out to make sure that nobody floats off the Earth, or falls off its edge.

    --
    John
  15. Live helmet cam by thoughtlover · · Score: 2

    Where was the helmet cam? I watched the event live from their site and thought that we'd see his perspective as he fell. Is there no tech available to do that? I find that surprising with seven years in the making. Did I miss something? Now that I'm thinking of it, it would have been much better if he jumped with a couple sharks sporting lasers --wearing live helmet cams, too.

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  16. Re:Old tech by GTRacer · · Score: 4, Insightful

    When Joe Kittinger jumped for Excelsior in the '50s and '60s, he was testing the feasibilty high-altitude escape systems. He succeeded, and in the process, set some very impressive and rather durable records. Stratos was a not-very-subtle ad-funded stunt show. There's real science being done but I have little doubt that it's ultimately in service to the sponsor (also Austrian).

    Whether or not Red Bull spent two years and who knows how much, why isn't this still one of the coolest things to happen in some time? Watching him stand there with the curvature of Earth below him is one of those things that makes me jealous. And there are some things being tested - newer versions of the high-alt suits and maybe more.

    However, I'm a little annoyed about people thinking that now astronauts and such can use suits like Felix's to escape bad situations in space. Felix jumped more or less straight down with almost no lateral velocity. Someone BASE-jumping from ISS may pull some staggering free-fall numbers (greater height for 9.8 (m/s)^2) but those won't likely compare to the 11,000 mph they're already moving parallel with the surface just to maintain orbit. Toasty!

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  17. There is a difference... by thrill12 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Baumgartner achieved speed of sound 'autonomously' without first sitting in a high-speed jet but by freefalling. All other examples are of pilots ejecting from a high-speed airplane, going over Mach using an engine. So while what you say is correct, I would rather emphasize the "freefall" versus "engine-powered" part :)

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  18. Re:Old tech by QuantumPion · · Score: 3

    You can't "base jump" out of the ISS unless you have a portable jetpack capable of decelerating you to deorbit. You need a delta-V of around 225 ft/s. If you step outside the ISS, all that will happen is that you will continue orbit the Earth with the ISS. You would starve to death before deorbiting solely due to atmospheric friction.

  19. Re:833.9 mph actually by arkane1234 · · Score: 2

    Wow.. you can generalize just about anything.

    Jump:
    Guy steps in balloon, 3 hours later steps out of ballon (sic), some minutes later he deploys his chute

    land speed record:
    guy gets in vehicle, accelerates, deploys chute to decelerate.

    Moon landing:
    guys get into capsule, fire spews from the bottom of rocket, guys step out of capsule after it lands

    Seriously, don't generalize, it makes you look stupid.

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