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Why Microsoft Shouldn't Copy Apple's iOS Walled Garden

Kethinov writes "Will the computers of the future be tools for freedom or for censorship? An insightful Ars editorial examines this question in depth, concluding that Apple's walled garden approach to iOS is fundamentally flawed and thus Microsoft should reconsider their plans to apply the same model to WinRT. The authors are careful to present a nuanced analysis that adequately weighs the competing interests of security, convenience, and user freedom, ultimately concluding that Mac OS X and Android offer better models because while their walled gardens are on by default, they offer supported mechanisms to opt-out if desired, thereby offering users the same security and convenience benefits without sacrificing user freedom in the process." A similar article by software engineer Casey Muratori looks at the effect Windows 8's closed distribution system will have on game development. The restrictions involved in getting approval for the Windows Store would preclude 2011's game of the year, Skyrim, from appearing there, as well as 2012's top candidates. The requirements contain clauses that would cut out huge swathes of the video game industry, like this one: "Your app must not contain content or functionality that encourages, facilitates, or glamorizes illegal activity."

20 of 244 comments (clear)

  1. This is what Microsoft wants by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Go buy an XBox if you want to play games. Microsoft doesn't really care if you can't play top-shelf titles on Windows 8, and would probably prefer the hassle of not supporting DirectX for the general PC class systems. They'd be much happier selling you an XBox. Not only does it lock you into their console, it helps lock game developers into their console too.

    1. Re:This is what Microsoft wants by v1 · · Score: 4, Informative

      the xbox's walled garden makes a good statement about what MS does with walled gardens. drives the devs insane. charging devs to push updates. good idea! lets discourage bug fixes and updates! *sigh*

      --
      I work for the Department of Redundancy Department.
    2. Re:This is what Microsoft wants by AK+Marc · · Score: 3, Interesting

      What about the AV companies? If every program is scanned and explicitly approved, what do you need virus scanning for?

    3. Re:This is what Microsoft wants by ILongForDarkness · · Score: 4, Funny

      Perhaps because new exploits in existing software are found? Sometimes data has a virus payload etc. Win 8 still has a full blown desktop OS in it that doesn't have a walled garden and has all the registry and other circa 1990 stuff we've all grown to love. MS app compatibility story extends to virus writers :)

    4. Re:This is what Microsoft wants by lightknight · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Dude, it's a heavy handed attempt at controlling the market, and Microsoft is going to FEEL the magnitude of its mistake here. Even Apple isn't feeling so hot, as without S. Jobs's charisma field, the company is suddenly sitting out in the open with a target on its back.

      MS wants to copy Apple in that respect, which would be fine, except MS isn't Apple. Ballmer doesn't have charisma, and certainly doesn't have S. Jobs's ability to bend reality around 'The Chosen.' As such, he's making a hideous mistake (this is going to hurt, like a blow to the solar plexus).

      Between their sad attempts at market segregation (Windows 7 with its dozen or so editions, just spreading confusion), and now their attempt to dictate to developers what will and will not run on their OS (that'll end well), I would short MS's stock immediately after their Windows 8 blowout (I imagine the stock will rise for a few months, after they mention that it now accounts for 80% of their OS sales or something (nevermind that the OEMs will be using the downgrade clause), after which some news report will mention that people hate it, with a sudden drop in stock price, as the bad news press really starts rolling).

      MS had a choice between investing in DRM, a wonky GUI, and a walled garden, or a better GUI, better communications, and moving everything out of unmanaged land. Guess which one it chose? If you are thinking "money grab," you would be correct.

      --
      I am John Hurt.
    5. Re:This is what Microsoft wants by Hal_Porter · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The other XBox precedent is tying. They bought up Bungie and Halo which was going to be Mac and PC and made it XBox exclusive at a point when Halo was likely to be smash hit and the XBox's viability was still in doubt. So Halo essentially made the XBox a viable console.

      Admittedly they did release a PC version a year later, but a year old video game is like reheated lunch. Halo 2 was a Vista exclusive and was released two years after the Xbox version.

      In fact this is an amusing example of how tying is self defeating. Halo 2 was tied to the XBox initially. By that point the XBox was going to be a success with or without tying. Still they kept Halo 2 XBox only for two years. Vista was at that point in serious trouble with poor reviews and low uptake. Halo 2 was then tweaked to be Direct X 10 only, which meant Vista only. But a two year old videogame (and Halo 2 was dated graphically even when it was released, so it never really needed Direct X 10) wasn't going to make Vista a success. It sold so poorly it was used as an excuse for Halo 3 to be XBox only.

      So you wonder how long before Skype becomes Windows Phone only. Of course Skype has been getting worse for years so in practice all that means is that people will move to whatever Google's solution for video chatting is. And the thing is that given Windows Phone 7's poor market share and lack of support for C++, there was no chance that Skype would have supported it without being bought by Microsoft. WP8 does support native code, but it still seems like it will have poor market share and a lack of apps. That means the platform has a sort of chicken and egg problem as low market share discourages app development but a poor selection of apps discourages customers.

      Now people will say that Android had the same sort of problems. That's true but Android was competing against Symbian which was already dying and iOS which was always going to be a premium and Apple exclusive brand, not a mass market one that was licensed to everyone. So HTC, Samsung et al didn't really have a choice between iOS and Android. Rather they had a choice between Symbian and Android. Google could win that. Also Google got a Native SDK out relatively quickly and that meant that cross platform stuff that uses native libraries got ported over.

      WP7 never had native code and never will. WP8 will, but it completely replaces the WP7 ecosystem with an incompatible one. Announcing it means that people will drop WP7 development like a hot potato.

      tl;dr - Microsoft are fucked here. Incidentally it's sort of funny that back when Vista was released I remember reading here that it would mean people would flee to Linux and I point out the reasons that would not happen. I.e. the consensus seemed to be that MS was in deep trouble. Now, curiously, when I point out that MS is in deep trouble over mobile the consensus seems to be that they are not.

      Of course MS brought out Windows 7 which is as good as XP and its Vista woes subsided. And MS never really lost market share on the desktop - it has always had ~90% of the market. On mobile its market share peaked with Windows Mobile at about 12%. It has now dropped below 1%. I.e. on mobile it has Linux like market shares. Apple and Google are the ones with 90% market share. Most apps seem to launch on iOS and Android and not on Windows Phone. There is no real sign that their customers are likely to move en masse for a platform with far less applications.

      --
      echo -e 'global _start\n _start:\n mov eax, 2\n int 80h\n jmp _start' > a.asm; nasm a.asm -f elf; ld a.o -o a;
    6. Re:This is what Microsoft wants by Jesus_666 · · Score: 3, Informative
      Note that as the second FA has pointed out, sideloading is only supported in the following scenarios:
      1. Windows 8 Enterprise computer joined to a domain with the "Allow all trusted apps to install" group policy set if the app is signed by a locally-trusted CA
      2. Windows Server 2012 computer joined to a domain with the "Allow all trusted apps to install" group policy set if the app is signed by a locally-trusted CA
      3. Windows 8 Enterprise computer with an MAK (Volume Licensing Multiple Activation Key)
      4. Windows 8 Pro computer with an MAK
      5. Windows RT computer with an MAK
      6. Any Windows 8 computer with a developer license

      MAKs are available under the following circumstances

      Medium or enterprise sized customers with Software Assurance for Windows or Windows VDA subscriptions in the following Volume Licensing programs will be granted Enterprise Sideloading rights and provided with the MAK keys as an SA benefit at no additional cost. Product keys for Enterprise Sideloading will be made available through the Volume License Service Center (VLSC).

      Time-limited developer licenses are available for free for the purpose of testing your own software and...

      Microsoft can detect fraudulent use of a developer license on a registered machine. If Microsoft detects fraudulent use or another violation of the software license terms, we might revoke your developer license. The monitoring process helps ensure the overall health of the app marketplace.

      In other words, in order to sideload you're either an enterprise customer, you run your own AD setup at home or you use a time-limited developer license that's not intended to be used for sideloading and that can be revoked if Microsoft finds out you use it for sideloading. Which, according to TFA, Microsoft monitors.

      Either you're wrong or TFA is and TFA has links to Microsoft as its sources.

      --
      USE HOT GRITS WITH STATUE OF NATALIE PORTMAN (NAKED AND PETRIFIED)
  2. On the contrary by Tough+Love · · Score: 5, Funny

    Microsoft should by all means copy Apple's walled garden model. Then they can both proceed straight to hell, holding hands.

    --
    When all you have is a hammer, every problem starts to look like a thumb.
  3. There is but one question from Microsoft. by SuricouRaven · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Of all the approaches available to them, which would make Microsoft the most money? Including both direct profits, and any future benefits which might be had by increasing Microsoft's effective influence to further profit in related areas.

    That is what the executives at Microsoft are asking. They don't care about openness, or user freedom, or anything else like that - except in so far as it affects the success of the company. So work out the answer to that question, and you can predict Microsoft's future actions.

    The answer looks clear to me. A manditory app store would not only make Microsoft a fortune, but save them from the problem of needing to run an eternal upgrade cycle to keep users constantly buying new software. The power it gave them would also open up untold opportunity in other areas - they could use it to mandate support or lack of support for specific technologies (eg, no OpenGL-compatible games permitted), or prohibit software that could compete with Microsoft's own.

  4. Re:I agree but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I agree, but Apple has changed things a bit, there still has to be a central marketplace for the average user to find things...that's what Apple changed.

    Apple has changed nothing, because such "central marketplaces" already existed with Linux distros (and other mobile devices) in both paid stores and free repositories, years before Apple tried it.

  5. Re:I agree but... by Githaron · · Score: 3, Insightful

    In Android, there is no reason that CNET couldn't start their own app market.

  6. The only thing Windows needs to do by GoodNewsJimDotCom · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Windows needs to make "future" applications unable to get out of their install directory, and unable to write to a global registry.

    Viruses can't do a whole lot if they can't get to system files, can't modify anything but themselves.

    Windows would suddenly catch up with this whole Internet fad if they secured their OS from viruses finally.

    Sure allow trusted legacy aps an option to be run, but aps for the future should be basically sandboxed.

    I believe if Microsoft made their OS secure against viruses, they'd actually be a step ahead of Apple. The main old reason Apple doesn't have a lot of viruses is that it had a lower market share for a long time.

    1. Re:The only thing Windows needs to do by WaffleMonster · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The registry was an abortion from the first day it came out. I can't really think of any benefit of having it over .ini files.

      Apps are free to do whatever they want including writing .ini files... that soo many have chosen to use the registry for configuration should speak for itself.

      I can think of several possible advantages:

      Central configuration store with a common access experience for all applications. .ini files...xml files...binary files...

      Configuration store is automatically safe against concurrent access..try rewriting a .ini file by multiple apps at the same time and let me know how it goes. Today bulk registry operations can be fully transactional thanks to windows KTM.

      Security ACLs per entry. .ini file security as far as the operating system is concerned is for the whole file.

      Common set of tools "regedit" to modify, backup, monitor, restore and search configuration across participating apps.

      I love classic centrally controlled systems and I love compartmentalized jails where all configuration and file access is localized. There is no right answer only the best tool for the job at hand after careful consideration of competing tradeoffs.

    2. Re:The only thing Windows needs to do by cbhacking · · Score: 3, Informative

      NT permissions are actually much more fine-grained than POSIX; you can for example permit all logged-in users to read, and all users of a specific group to write as well, but deny one specific user (who might even be a member of the aforementioned group) the right to do anything at all with the file. Write, append, and delete are different permissions. The same permission can be applied to multiple users and/or groups. The owner of a file (or other securable object; in POSIX these would all be files so I might as well call them that) can overwrite any permissions, as you'd expect, and the Administrator ("root") can take ownership of any file, but it's also possible to allow multiple users/groups the ability to take ownership of files. By default, directories use inherited permissions, but it's possible to add additional permissions (or to deny permissions, which overrides "allow" behavior), and it's possible to disable permission inheritance on a directory or file entirely.

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    3. Re:The only thing Windows needs to do by cbhacking · · Score: 4, Informative

      Point #1: You just described AppArmor or SELinux. These already exist. They're a pain to configure, but they do what you want.

      Point #2: This is, in fact, one of the things that "Metro-style" apps do. It's not just a "touch-first" UI; it's also a per-app sandbox with restrictions on the locations and access that each app has, independent of other apps or of the permissions of the logged-in user.

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
  7. Catch 22 by SilenceBE · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The fact that Apple is very strict (not talking about the mature content thing which I find ridiculous) regarding how an app should behave or designed, makes that a lot of apps are easier to use because the learning curve is low. You don't need to learn things over & over again. Hence the reason - and imho correct - that a lot of users find it a more user friendly platform.

    If I read the passages about why Steve Jobs was against Apps in the first place, he had the fear that it could lead to tainting the user friendly experience in which they invested a lot. Which I think - after seeing my share of bad designed software - was a valid fear.

    I have an Android smartphone as I find iPhones ridiculous expensive. But if I look at the quality difference between what is available in the Google Play store on my smartphone & the iOS store on my iPad, there is a difference. And I do - personally - think that this is because Apple does run a very strict ship in guidelines, how an app should work, what you expect as behavior, etc. I don't think it is because iOS developers are so much more talented then their android counterparts.

    This may come over as a nightmare for those who like to tinker or loves freedom to design or develop an app like they want it, but reality is that when it comes in designing good and consequent interfaces, 90% of the developers can't do it even if their live depended on it. Give them to much room and you really get some of the horrendous software available on the Google play store. Sometimes I find it a pity that Google doesn't enforce some basic guidelines because it is the only way some developers would put some sense in what they are developing.

    So no is not the iOS concept that is flawed, it is that stubborn idea that a lot of techies have that they have the same needs or mindset as the general public.

  8. Re:I agree but... by englishknnigits · · Score: 4, Informative

    What is all this nonsense about Android being a walled garden? Have you never heard of the Amazon app store for Android? Have you never heard of loading any app you find on the internet onto your Android device? There must be something huge I'm missing here because there have been several articles popping up lately talking about Google's "walled garden" and it has me horribly confused. Will someone please enlighten me?

  9. Re:I agree but... by Mordok-DestroyerOfWo · · Score: 3, Informative

    I actually have seen the 'Walled Garden' in action. I had to root my brother's phone when he found out that AT&T had removed the option to allow 3rd party app installs. He's now happily running CM9, but I was astounded to find out that the option was permanently grayed out.

    --
    "Never let your sense of morals prevent you from doing what is right" - Salvor Hardin
  10. Re:I agree but... by bhcompy · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Err, you already said it. CNET(Download.com) and Tucows have existed as central marketplaces for what? 2 decades? And the reason those places still exist is because they vet the software enough for the free market, as it were, to determine that they were a valid central repository for software. The only thing Apple changed was making it their marketplace the only place to get signed applications for their operating system.

  11. Sure, why not? by John+Hasler · · Score: 4, Funny

    Why complain if Microsoft wants to shoot itself in the head?

    --
    Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.