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Apple, ARM, and Intel
Hugh Pickens writes "Jean-Louis Gassée says Apple and Samsung are engaged in a knives-out smartphone war. But when it comes to chips, the two companies must pretend to be civil because Samsung is the sole supplier of ARM-based processors for the iPhone. So why hasn't Intel jumped at the chance to become Apple's ARM source? 'The first explanation is architectural disdain,' writes Gassée. 'Intel sees "no future for ARM," it's a culture of x86 true believers. And they have a right to their conviction: With each iteration of its manufacturing technology, Intel has full control over how to improve its processors.' Next is pride. Intel would have to accept Apple's design and 'pour' it into silicon — it would become a lowlymerchant foundry.' Intel knows how to design and manufacture standard parts, but it has little experience manufacturing other people's custom designs or pricing them. But the most likely answer to the Why-Not-Intel question is money. Intel meticulously tunes the price points for its processors to generate the revenue that will fund development. Intel's published prices range from a 'low' $117 for a Core i3 processor to $999 for a top-of-the-line Core i7 device. Compare this to iSuppli's estimate for the cost of the A6 processor: $17.50. Even if more A6 chips could be produced per wafer — an unproven assumption — Intel's revenue per A6 wafer start would be much lower than with their x86 microprocessors. In Intel's perception of reality, this would destroy the business model. 'For all of Intel's semiconductor design and manufacturing feats, its processors suffer from a genetic handicap: They have to support the legacy x86 instruction set, and thus they're inherently more complicated than legacy-free ARM devices, they require more transistors, more silicon. Intel will argue, rightly, that they'll always be one technological step ahead of the competition, but is one step enough for x86 chips to beat ARM microprocessors?'"
If you measure operations per second, the x86 chip will win. If you measure operations per second per watt, the ARM chip will win.
This is a boring sig
Intel wants to be the only company that can meet your needs. That way, they can make you pay premium prices for their chips. This is perfectly understandable; that is what is best for Intel.
Apple wants to be vertically integrated. They want full control over everything they do. Partly this is so they can keep as much as possible of the money they collect; partly this is so that they can guarantee excellent quality and excellent availability. This is what is best for Apple, and it isn't bad for their customers either.
Intel does not want to become just another ARM source, competing on price with all the others. But Apple will never lock themselves in to depending on Intel for mobile chips, when ARM chips have been shown to be more than adequate. And Apple would not be investing in custom ARM chips if it was planning to adopt Intel mobile chips.
People keep pointing out that Intel's mobile x86 chips are competitive with ARM. That won't cut it. Intel's chips would have to be better, and so much better that the risk of depending on Intel is worth it.
That was the case for the PowerPC to x86 transition! Intel's chips were so much better than PowerPC for laptops that it was worth getting into an entangling relationship with Intel. AMD was not able to guarantee delivery of the massive quantities of chips Apple was planning to sell, and Intel was, so AMD wasn't really an option... but at least they served to keep Intel from trying to charge totally outrageous prices for their chips; there was always a credible threat of going to AMD.
Hmm. It's looking like AMD is going to crater in spectacular fashion soon. I wonder if Apple will make a serious attempt to buy what's left of the company. That would enable Apple to make its own x86 chips! Eh, probably not. AMD is behind Intel on process, so switching to AMD chips would mean taking a hit on performance, power use, or both.
The "SemiAccurate" web site thinks that Apple will transition to using ARM chips for laptops, not just for mobile devices, once ARM chips are good enough (which they will be soon). So, transitioning away from x86 and to, say, multi-core 64-bit ARM chips is another way Apple can untangle from Intel.
Apple may not be in a big hurry to actually complete the transition away from Intel chips; just a credible threat of switching to ARM chips might be enough to negotiate good prices on x86 chips. That would leave lower power consumption as the main reason to go to ARM, but a laptop's display is probably the worst power drain, especially with a Retina display.
steveha
lf(1): it's like ls(1) but sorts filenames by extension, tersely
It doesn't give you a smaller desktop. You have an app for your phone, a different app for your desktop, and yet another app for your tablet. Windows Phone and Windows RT are orphans. Do you see what I'm saying now?
Yes, I think I get what you're saying. Thank you for your clarification; perhaps I can make some of my own.
When iOS was first released (2007) it didn't run any sort of legacy programs from existing touch screen smartphones, and yet people really seemed to enjoy using those devices. When Android was first released, and was still just a phone OS, people seemed to enjoy using those devices. When the iPad first came out it could run existing iPhone apps; but even Apple said that the experience for many apps wasn't good and that app authors needed to (and still do) optimize their apps for the larger screen. There's hardly an article on the web about Android tablets that doesn't mention how there's a pithy of tablet optimized apps, and that while the tablets can run all Android apps, most of them really suck on the tablet. So I don't think that not having the ability to run legacy programs is a nail in the coffin for any new device/platform.
So right now a Windows RT computer does have limited appeal, due to not having much of an ecosystem. That was kind of my point by saying "3 years from now", the ecosystem may come. The ecosystem may come easily because if developers write apps for the Windows 8 Store (targeting desktop) the apps will also light up on Windows RT; and they will light up without any "tablet optimization" step that iOS and Android apps suffer from. The screen sizes are the same. So I think that there will be crossover soon, at least from the point of view of the end user; because they'll be able to find the same apps on a Windows RT computer as they do on their Win8 laptop/desktop.
If RT could run Phone apps, I wouldn't be typing right now.
Yes, Microsoft doesn't have a runtime that runs across Win32, .Net, WinRT, Phone and Xbox. But they do have portable assemblies which do allow for an assembly to run within .Net, WinRT, Phone and Xbox. So someone would still need a separate app/program for the different runtimes, but if the business logic is the same for all of the apps there only needs to be one portable assembly.
Except that for ARM to scale up to surpass x86 performance, it would need out-of-order scheduling, multiscalar execution, instruction pre-decoding, hardware loop unrolling, speculative execution, memory/register renaming, multiprocessor cache coherency and all that fun stuff that Intel has. After that has been implemented, let's see if the design is still far more elegant. I'll bet it's going to look pretty similar, with x86 instruction decoding becoming an almost irrelevant issue compared to all the other things. And, by the way, have you taken a look at the Cortex architecture ? It's getting less and less elegant. You are right about the compatibility, though. ARM is a mess, with a dozen different, incompatible, architectures in the core alone.